EDITTTTSSSS

- to help analyze a text or plan the writing of a particular text

E nvironment - Context of text – involves the writer and reader.

- The Writer = Writer’s situation/life and text’s context- the writer’s time period- social context of
the time published, life style, personal philosophy of writer (impacts both fiction and non-fiction but
in different ways)
- The Voice/ Point of View (POV) – 1st, 2nd or 3rd person- different Voices impact on Readers
differently depending upon which one is used (ie. 1st person – could be used as the royal ‘We’ or
unreliable narrator)
- Readers = Audience interpretation- different audiences have differ life experiences (multiple
age groups, classes, genders, ideologies/politics) causing different readers to gain totally different
meanings from same text.

D iction - Language used- why did the writer/s choose a certain type of word- add to the
purpose/meaning/atmosphere. (Ie. Propaganda-type language, medical terminology, build suspense)

I magery - Visual, Auditory, Tactile, Kinesthetic, Olfactory, Gustatory (plus others) where
reader/audience is imagining additional sensory elements due to techniques used by the creator of
text. (Use of Poetic devices or Descriptive language to create and experience –ie dark cramped caves)

T ext type – what Form is the text in? What is the Purpose of a text- author wants to use “it” to do -
________? (this can impact tone) Is it fictional or non-fictional (this can impact purpose), Is it formal
or informal? (this can impact diction/language choices)

Visual/audiovisual - painting/poster/graffiti/statue/video/commercial/movie - ie. “graffiti” – – usually

is non-fictional, informal text whose purpose could show political protest or show ‘gang ownership’

Written- a speech/diary/report/novel/play/poem- ie. “diary” – used to help writer remember events

and emotions felt, non-fictional (auto biographical),informal text

T opic - subject/content of text- the explicit nature of text (all texts - fiction and non-fiction)

T heme – abstract meaning of text- implicit nature of text (fictional texts)

T one – the emotional register – the feelings of the writer/creator of the text’s content/subject are
reflected in the diction/language choice, (related to atmosphere)

S tructure - format = Textual conventions required to make a written or visual text “Look” real for an
audience (ie. use of paragraphing, transition usage, pausing, spaces, columns, colors, shapes, etc…)

S ymbolism- abstract ideas/visuals that add a layer of philosophical meaning to the topic, can impact
themes

S yntax- Sentence structure/grammar- formal/vernacular/dialect/purposeful mistakes – dependent on

intention of the text’s creator – what is the desired impact the chosen syntax will have on the audience?

S tylistic elements/devices- choices specific authors/poets make on issues like Diction- what words to use or not,
what details to emphasize(hyperbole)/minimize(understate)/withhold, The choice of order (structure) to retell events
(chronological/ flashbacks/ circular), how to present one’s own thinking and actions to the audience(s) one is
addressing. Each of these seemingly minor choices (e.g. choosing the verb “bumped” or “crushed” to describe one
car hitting another) not only conveys the writer’s relationship to what he describes, but also affects how readers
envision the events, persons, and/or places described. (Different types of analysis- reveal different bias in authors-
gender, social order…) How do the texts differ in terms of word choice, syntax, imagery, etc.? Are there differences
in point of view (e.g. first person v. third person) or perspective? What does the audience experience differently?
https://www.umass.edu/writingprogram/teaching/database/AnalyzingStylisticChoices.html

Can be a general manner in which an author habitually uses certain techniques, content/storyline,
characterization, theme, or language used to create something where another would use different ones -
can be related to written/visual design choices dependent upon expected purpose, audience,
conventions and more.