Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By:
RIFQA MUMTAZATI
109014000180
A Skripsi
Presented to the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teachers’ Training in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of Strata I (Bachelor of Art) in English
Language Education
By:
RIFQA MUMTAZATI
109014000180
Dosen Pembimbing :
Dengan ini menyatakan bahrva skripsi yang saya buat benar-benar hasil karya sendiri
dan saya bertanggung jarvab secara akademis atas apa yang saya tulis.
Pernyataan ini dibuat sebagai salah satu syarat menempuh Ujian Munaqasah.
Mahasiswa Yb6.
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109014000180
ENDORESEMENT SHEET
EXAMINATION COMMITT
SECRETARY:@
NIP. 19761007 200710 I 002
ACKNOWLEDGED BY
Dean of Tarbiyah and Teachers'
t:
Dra. N
NIP. 19591020 198603 2 001
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IMPROVING STUDENTS' SKILL IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
THROUGH CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE
(A pre-Experintent Research at the Second Grade of MTs Khazanah Kebaiikan
Tangerang Selatan)
A Skripsi
Presented to the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teachers' Training in a Partial
Sy:
RIFQA IUUMTAZATI
109014000180
Approveti by:
Advisor
, JAKARTA
28L4
1V
ABSTRACT
vi
ABSTRAK
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praises be to Allah, Lord of the world, for the health and the strength
that Allah has given to the writer in writing this „skripsi‟. Peace and salutation be
upon the prophet Muhammad, his family, his companions as well as his followers.
Firstly, the writer also would thank to her beloved parents, Dr. H. Hasan
Basri, M.A and Zuriati, S.H who always never stop teaching their precious
meaning of life, giving their knowledge, giving their time and who always pray
her every time; her beloved brothers, Rikza Muntazari and Ramza Munfajari, who
always give support and motivation to her.
Secondly, the writer would like to address her thank and great gratitude to
Drs. Syauki, M.Pd and Ismalianing Eviyuliwati, M.Hum, as the writer‟s advisors,
who give consultation with full of patience, help and guidance as valuable advice
during developing this “Skripsi” and completing her work, may Allah SWT
respond to their kindness much better.
Thirdly, the writer thought that she would never finish this skripsi fluently
without their supports and their helps. Her gratitude also goes to:
1. Nurlena Rifa‟i, M.A., Ph.D,, as the Dean of Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teachers
Training.
2. All lecturers of English Education Department for teaching precious
knowledge, sharing philosophy of life and giving wonderful experiences.
3. Drs. Syauki, M.Pd., as the Head of English Education Department.
4. Zaharil Anasy, M.Hum., as the Secretary of English Education Department.
5. Dr. Atiq Susilo, M.A. and Dr. Alek, M.Pd., as the writer‟s examiners, who help
and guidance as valuable advice during developing this “Skripsi” and
completing her work, may Allah SWT respond to their kindness much better.
vii
6. Suardin, S.Sos.I, as the Headmaster of MTs. Khazanah Kebajikan Tangerang
Selatan for giving permission to the writer to conduct the research.
7. Eneng Sumarni, S.S, as the English teacher at MTs. Khazanah Kebajikan
Tangerang Selatan, for all sincere help, time, and guidance.
8. The students of second grade of MTs. Khazanah Kebajikan Tangerang Selatan
for being participants in this research.
9. Her beloved best friends; Fakhrul Radhi, Eka Fitriana, Vesi Sarwenda, Ipit
Charunnisa, Erni Darwati and all of her friends in English Education
Department 2009 academic year, especially E class, who have always been in
the writer side in facing all laughter and tears during her study.
10. All of her friends in IMAPA (Ikatan Mahasiswa dan Pemuda Aceh) Jakarta.
11. To all of people whose name can not be mentioned for their contribution to
the writer during finishing her skripsi.
Finally, the writer admits that her writing is still far from being perfect.
Therefore she hopes some suggestions and criticism from the reader for this
paper. Hopefully this „skripsi‟ will have some values for her and the reader.
Rifqa Mumtazati
NIM. 109014000180
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ............................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................... iv
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... v
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... vi
ix
C. Clustering Technique ......................................................... 15
1. Definition of Clustering Technique ............................. 15
2. The Steps of Using Clustering Technique ................... 17
3. Teaching Writing Using Clustering Technique ........... 20
D. Previous Study .................................................................. 21
REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 47
APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 48
x
LIST OF TABLE
xi
LIST OF FIGURES
xii
LIST OF APPENDICES
xiii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1
Jack C. Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers, Approach and Methods in Language Teaching:
Second Edition, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), p. 49.
2
Ibid., p.53
1
2
3
Judie Haynes and Debbie Zacarian, Teaching English Language Learners: Across The
Content Areas, (Alexandria, Virginia: ASCD, 2010), p. 91.
3
B. Identification of Problems
Based on the background the problems, It can be identified that students
deal with some problems when they are writing, especially in writing descriptive
text, the problems as follows:
1. Students were not capable to make a good writing. The reason they could
not make it because they have difficulties in organizing idea of what they
were going to write, and then transform it from their minds into a piece of
writing.
2. Furthermore, Based on the result test and teacher’s report, students were
also having poor vocabulary and lack knowledge of grammatical rules.
4
Betty Matix Dietsch, Reasoning and Writing Well: Fourth Edition, (New York: McGraw-
Hill: 2006), p. 40.
4
3. School principals.
This research will be a feedback for them to improve and develop
qualities of the students. They can ask English teachers to elaborate some
writing techniques to make various learning in the classroom in order to
make a good learning process. If the students’ learning process is better,
the quality of students will be higher.
4. Next researchers.
This research will be a source for those who want to raise the similar case.
From this research, they can obtain some basic information about
clustering technique, writing and descriptive text. They can also get brief
description how the technique is applied in the classroom. Therefore, it
will be a guidance for them to describe and explain some procedures of
the research part by part.
5. The writer
She gets many experiences in doing the research and helping the English
teacher to solve the students’ problems in writing by proposing a
technique, clustering technique.
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
In order to have a very clear description of the discussion, this chapter will
refer to some significant theories of writing. To make it more constructive notion,
it is very essential to discuss and explain theoretically about writing, descriptive
text and clustering technique.
A. Meaning of Writing
1. Definition of Writing
Writing is one of the most significant cultural accomplishments of human
being, writing allows us to communicate at a distance, either at a distant place or
at distant time. Writing is a progressive activity, this means when someone first
writes something down, he/she has already been thinking about what he/she is
going to say and how he/she is going to say it. Then after he/she finishes writing,
he/she reads over what he/she has written and makes changes corrections.
Anyhow, writing capability is very important in studying English. This can
motivate students to elaborate ideas and information so that other people can
understand very well. Besides, the writing can be said as a tool to express the
ideas to the public community; and even it can be referred by those who are eager
to practise their English in the field of life. In this context, Dietsch states that
“writing is a process of discovery. As you write, you will discover thoughts and
ideas that lie beneath the surface of your mind. You will become more aware of
your own beliefs and values, what is important to you.”1
There are a lot of definitions stated by the experts. One of them, for
instance, is the definition stated by Gelb. According to Gelb, “writing is clearly a
system of human intercommunication by means of conventional visible marks.”2
It means that writing is the way to communicate to each other for expressing their
1
Betty Mattix Dietsch, Reasoning and Writing Well: Fourth Edition, (New York: McGraw-
Hill, 2006), p. 5.
2
I.J.Gelb, A Study of Writing: Revised Edition, (Chicago: The University of Chivago Press,
1963), p. 12.
6
7
thinking and feeling. In addition to this, writing is the skill to express ideas and
information to worlwide. Without writing, it is difficult to grasp any information
emerging inf daily life; and no one can understand any issue of current event.
Furthermore, according to Henry Roger, writing can be defined as the use
of graphic marks to represent specific linguistic utterances. 3 Another definition
proposed by Barnet and Stubbs. In a view of them, writing is a physical act, it
requires material and energy, and like most physical act, to be performed
skillfully, to bring pleasure to both performer and audience, it requires practice.4 It
can be mentioned that writing is not simply a way to express ideas, but a way to
acquire them.
In reality, every vital message is delivered through writing. So many
people can easily read any written information and speak out of what they have
read. By reading written information, people are able to enrich and broaden
horizon of knowledge. Of course, this is rather ideal for a student, but he can
upgrade himself through learning by doing, because he proceeds a progress step to
higher level of writing skill. This skill can be said as an achievement of study. In
the classroom, for instance, students can discuss together by reading the text
material to make a broad sight to see the world. In addition, they can also try to
write what they listen and understand; then convey it to others through descriptive
text and clustering technique. By doing so, they are accustom to sharing ideas and
experience academically and explicitly; thus they can step by step construct their
own knowledge.
When students try to construct the descriptive writing through clustering
technique, at the same time they actually study collaboratively. This learning
method is regarded as an effective approach in learning process; and even will
enhance and enrich understanding of English, specifically writing skill.
As far as Hedge is concerned, writing is more like a „recursive‟, even
messy, activity, where we move around among the different stages and carry out
3
Henry Rogers, Writing Systems: A Linguistic Approach, (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing,
2005), p. 2.
4
Sylvan Barnet and Marcia Stubbs, Practical Guide to Writing, (Boston: Little, Brown &
Company, 1983), p. 3.
8
each stage several times, with great personal variation.5 In this case, when a
student, for example, wants to express his ideas he actually performs any activities
and shows at once that he still exists in this world. He also will be glad when other
people read his ideas and responds them. If this situation happens, the goal of
writing as a skill of expression of ideas has achieved. In this connection, the
students will find himself as part of the intellectual or academic environment and
they are able to contribute ideas to the perfection of knowledge and experience.
The term “nobody is perfect”, in this context, can be interpreted as “trial and
error” so that they are brave to express ideas to society.
The another expert, Alaistair Fowler says that the writing someone invents
will largely derive from previous reading and thinking, some of it imperfectly
remembered.6 This can be understood that something new of writing comes from
previous study both from the books and the result of reasearch. The more
someone reads, the more information can be delivered. So many people in the
world are searching information every day. They even will find out the important
point of view through reading and writing. In short, writing will enrich knowledge
and experience of what happens and what is solution. That is why writing is not
only expressing ideas but also discovering a new solution of any emerging
problem of life. In social context, writing can invite people to do something good
and benefit.
From the many definitions given, it can concluded that writing is not only
a collection of sentences which have no connection between each other, but it
should be an expression of ideas or feeling in a consecutive way in the form of a
connected series of sentences which are grammatical and logically, writing should
be seen as at the way to express ideas freely from knowledge and resource without
copying else, certainly without forgetting the linguistic rule, so the writing will be
full meaning. This is a proof that writing can drive the students to construct their
knowledge and understanding deeply.
5
Jo McDonough and Christopher Shaw, Materials and Methods in ELT, (Oxford: Blackwell
Publishers, 1993), p. 186.
6
Alastair Fowler, How To Write, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 12.
9
7
Betty Mattix Dietsch, Reasoning and Writing Well: Fourth Edition, (New York: McGraw
Hill, 2006), p. 7.
8
Ibid., p. 8.
10
When people are going to write they may think that the purpose of writing
a paper is to complete the assignment or to get a good grade. However, these
purposes don‟t tell someone what to do in their paper. They might try asking
themselves brief questions to increase the purposes: To whom am I writing? Why
will they read this piece of writing? How might they feel about the subject? How
will they react to my point of view? How much do they need or want to know? 9
Because of that, the writer must have a concept of writing, the concept should be
designed before writing, because the initial concept of writing greatly affect the
contents of the writing, writing not only fill the paper with graffiti without
meaning, but how to make the writing has the meaning and benefits to readers, so
that, writing makes the reader enjoy reading and get something from the text.
9
Ibid., p. 9
11
a draft, reading and reviewing it, then revising and editing.10 In other words, the
writing process determines a writer who has the ability in writing by showing
ideas and creativity in making an essay. According to Calkins, there are four
distinct phases of the writing process: prewriting, writing, editing, and revising.11
According to Barbara, there are four distinct phase of the writing process:
prewriting, composing/drafting, revising and editing.12 It means that writing is not
just a collection of words or sentences but also conceptualized well, with writing
concept through the writing process as prewriting, composing/drafting, revising
and editing, then writing will give clearer meaning to the readers. This is also
mentioned as a design of writing. By designing it the writer will take a way to be
safe in preparing composition accurately. This effort can be proceeded thorugh, at
least, five steps: observing, questioning, exploring, discussing, and
communicating.
Observing is the first step to have information and problem of thing that can
drive someone to seek an answer. This activity compries seeing, feeling, and
experiencing after observing the object. Afterwards, the observer asks the
questions as the second step; these questions can lead him to search and gain the
answer in relevant to the problem. The next step is exploring. This step means
making an effort to seek and have answer of the question through researching and
experimenting. To do this activity needs skill how to formulate sense of curiosity
and knowledge simultaneously in order to have a complete and deep
understanding. After gaining the answer through exploring, the further step will
be discussing. The purpose of discussion is to verify whether the findings of
research are accurate or not; this is so important to make sure that readers have no
doubt to read. In the context of learning process, the students can apply their
writing proficiency to expose and describe the result of study. The final step if
10
Tricia Hedge, Teaching and Learning in the Language Classroom, (New York: Oxford
University Press, 2000), p. 302.
11
Judie Haynes and Debbie Zacarian, Teaching English Language Learners: Across The
Content Areas, (Alexandria, Virgina: ASCD, 2010), p. 93.
12
Barbara Fine Clouse, A Troubleshooting Guide for Writers: Strategies and Process, (New
York: McGraw-Hill, 2005), p. 4.
12
13
Betty Mattix Dietsch, Reasoning and Writing Well: Fourth Edition, (New York: McGraw-
Hill, 2006), p. 11.
14
Joy M.Reid, Teaching ESL Writing, (New Jersey: Regents/Prentice Hall, 1993), p. 5.
15
Loc.cit., p. 11.
13
B. Descriptive Text
1. The Definition of Descriptive Text
Description has been defined by philosophers as “a mode of perception,” a
means of knowing. It is a way to impose order upon the confusing complexity of
the real world and to understand it, at least partially.18 Description is a powerful
strategy, one that allows the writer to exercise a great deal of control over the
reader‟s perceptions.19 It means, by writing a description, the author can describe
16
Barbara Fine Clouse, A Troubleshooting Guide for Writers: Strategies and Process, (New
York: McGraw Hill, 2005), p. 5.
17
John Langan, College Writing Skills: Sixth Edition, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005), p.
34.
18
Betty Mattix Dietsch, Reasoning and Writing Well: Third Editon, (New York: McGraw-
Hill, 2003), p. 138.
14
something to the reader and invites the reader has read the same picture of
something that is described by the writer in accordance with the writer desired.
Effective description evokes the sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and textures
that inform experience. Carefully chosen sensory details are the tool writers use to
re-create experiences for their readers.20 By considering these organizing, the
description becomes the major writing strategy.
Description is a recording of concrete details that you see, hear, smell,
taste, or touch. A good description is a word picture; the reader can imagine the
object, place, or person in his or her mind.21 In sum up, descriptive text is a text
which can tell the characteristic of something or someone living or no living for
the purpose that the reader could interpret it well. Descriptive tells how something
looks, feels, smells, tastes, and/or sounds.
When description is the chief writing strategy, it delivers a paramount
impression, a mood that remains throughout the piece for a purpose. Then
description reinforces the notion by supporting factual details provide support for
the major idea. In scientific writing, much description is based on unbiased and
objective observation. Its aim is to reproduce for the reader exactly what the
writer observed without reference to writer‟s feelings about the subject. The aim
of subjective description is to share feelings and ideas with the readers. Sharing
ideas and information with the readers will become a great inspiration and
motivation. It reflects the essential meaning of understanding of the writer‟s ideas.
19
Donald Pharr and Santi V. Buscemi, Writing Today: Context and Option for the Real
World, (New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2005), p. 136.
20
William Stong and Mark Lester, Writer’s Choice Grammar and Composition: Teacher’s
Wraparound Edition, (New York: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 1996), p. 120.
21
Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue, Introduction to Academic Writing, (New York: Pearson
Longman, 2007), p. 61.
15
C. Clustering Technique
1. The Definition of Clustering Technique
When people are going to write rely heavily to find out what they know
about topic. One of strategies which can be used in teaching writing in the
classroom is clustering technique. Clustering is an invention activity which
reveals possible relations among facts and ideas. Unlike listing (the next mapping
strategy), clustering requires a brief period of initial planning.24
Clustering is also known as diagramming or mapping, is another strategy
that can be used to generate material for a paper and expressing ideas or concept
in writing. This method is helpful for students who like to do their thinking in a
visual way. Moreover, clustering can make the process of writing is easier
because it will help the writers to construct their ideas or notion to sistematic and
then they are able to develop them into a paragraph. By applying this method they
can create the concrete thought into sequent details of concept. Afterwards, they
can connect one paragraph to another sistematically and continuously. Their ideas
22
Andrew W.Hart and James A. Reinking, Writing for Career Education Students: Third
Edition, (New York: St. Martin‟s Press, 1986), p. 124.
23
Betty Mattix Dietsch, Reasoning and Writing Well: Fourth Edition, (New York: Mc Graw
Hill, 2006), p. 140.
24
Rise B.Axelrod and Charles R. Cooper, Guide to Writing, New York: St.Martin‟s Press,
Inc., 1985), p. 461.
16
will flow smoothly by following the clustering technique. Shortly, in this context,
clustering technique will guide writers to construct and arrange strategy to be
easier in writing.
In clustering, the writer uses lines, boxes, arrows, and circles to show
relationships among the ideas and details that occur to the writer.25 Based on the
above definition of clustering technique, it can be said that this technique becomes
a strategy to understand the lesson sharply in general and to comprehend the
writing technique in particular. The prosedure should be taken is planning,
diagramming, mapping, and listing the certain keywords. When these keywords
are understood, the students are able to perceive the use of them in practice to
continue writing and seeking the relevant case of the topic.
By understanding the way to make planning, for example, the students will
be able to focus on what they want to write. Then they try to map a list of words
to guide them to enrich the ideas in completing the writing. After that they also
create other clues to make easy to bridge one sentence to another; and one
paragraph to another until they have a complete construction of notion and idea.
In this case, they can use keywords stipulated in the map or diagram to gain a
continuity of writing. In short, by using this technique they will have no difficulty
to write any idea they have; then this will be as a skill after training themselves
by practising the cluster technique. In doing so, the teacher should motivate the
students to master this technique so that they are accustom to writing and using it
in writing the articles academically and scientifically.
Mapping or clustering is a way of visually analyzing the parts of a
subject.26 According to Julia and Marjorie, they stated that clustering technique is
another strategy that can help the reader generate ideas on a subject.27 Because
through clustering technique, a writer could be easily to give an idea of what will
be written especially helpful for visual learners. In a cluster, diagram the central
25
John Langan, College Writing Skills with Readings: Fifth Edition, New York: McGraw-
Hill Company, 2001), p. 29.
26
Robert Keith Miller, Motives for Writing: Fifth Edition, (New York, McGraw-Hill
Companies, 2006), p. 11.
27
Julia Dietrich and Marjorie M.Kaiser, Writing: Self Expression and Communication, (New
York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986), p. 127.
17
28
John Langan, College Writing Skills: Sixth Edition, (New York: Mc Graw Hill, 2005),
p. 27.
29
Donald Pharr and Santi V. Buscemi, Writing Today: Context and Option for the Real
World, (New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2005), p. 135.
18
ideas related in any way to these main parts of the topic. Cluster these around the
main parts. Bellow is an example of clustering technique:30
Detail Detail
Detail Detail
Detail Detail
Fact Fact
Detail Detail Fact
Detail
Main Part or
Idea
Example
Example
Example
Detail Fact Fact
Detail
Detail
Detail Detail Detail
Figure 2.1
CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE 1
30
Rise B. Axelrod and Charles R. Cooper, Loc. cit., p. 462.
19
Day
Land
Game
birds Night
birds Season
Songbirds
Time
Pets Perching
How 9000
attract species Dull
birds clothes
Weather
Water
Binoculars
Equipment
Houses Food
Camera
Logbookk
Hat
Guide
Figure 2.2 book
CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE 231
31
Betty Mattix Dietsch, Reasoning and Writing Well: Third Edition, (New York:
McGraw-Hill, 2003), p. 27.
20
32
Barbara Fine Clouse, A Troubleshooting Guide for Writers: Fourth Edition, (New York:
McGraw Hill, 2005), p. 26.
21
D. Previous Study
The first previous study is taken from Rini Khomariah‟s study, about the
improvement of students writing skill in descriptive text by using communication
game as written on her article “Improving Students Writing Skill In Descriptive
Text Through Communication Game at the Eight Grade Students of SMP Negeri 1
Babadan Ponorogo in the Academic year of 2012/2013”.33 The researcher
conducted the research by using action research design in two cycles, She used
four research instruments, they are; test, questionnaire, observation check list, and
field note. She applied the strategy for the eight grade students of class VIIIB that
consisted of 33 students at SMP Negeri 1 Babadan Ponorogo. She found that
Communication Game improve the students writing skill in descriptive text at
SMPN 1 Babadan Ponorogo as in the post test mean score (72.50) of students was
higher than the pre-test mean score (66.00) at the 6.50 level of significance.
Moreover, students were being active in teaching and learning process and the
students interested in writing descriptive text using communication game through
rank order strategy.
The study above has differences and similarity with the writer‟s. The
differences are on the place, population and sample, technique of collecting data,
technique (method) of the study, and research design. The similarity with the
writer‟s study is on the use of descriptive text as material.
The second related study is “Using Bits And Pieces Game To Improve
Students’ Writing Skill On Descriptive Texts (A Classroom Action Research at the
Seventh Grade of MTs Darul Mujahadah Prupuk-Margasari-Tegal in the
Academic Year of 2010/2011)” by Nurkhayatun.34 The objectives of this study are;
firstly, to describe the implementation of Bits and Pieces game to
33
Rini Khomariah, Improving Students Writing Skill in Descriptive Text through
Communication Game at the Eight Grade Students of SMP Negeri 1 Babadan Ponorogo in the
academic year of 2012/2013, Skripsi, October 20th, 2012, Faculty of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo.
34
Nurkhayatun, Using Bits And Pieces Game To Improve Students‟ Writing Skill On
Descriptive Texts (A Classroom Action Research at the Seventh Grade of MTs Darul Mujahadah
Prupuk-Margasari-Tegal in the Academic Year of 2010/2011), Skripsi, 2011, Tarbiyah Faculty,
Walisongo State Institue For Islamic Studies Semarang.
22
35
Widodo Hami, Improving Students‟Ability in Writing Descriptive Text Through
Wholesome Scattering Game (A Classroom Action Research with the 8th Grade Students of MTs.
Sunan Ampel Patean Kendal in the Academic Year of 2010/2011), Skripsi, May, 2011 Education
Faculty, Walisongo State Institute For Islamic Studies Semarang.
23
mean of the second cycle score (67.6) is higher than first cycle score (50.7). The
students are better in writing and arranging the words than in pre-test.
The study above has more differences than similarity. The similarity are
the objective of the study and on the use of descriptive text as material. While the
differences are on the place, the technique of collecting data, and technique
(method) of the study.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
B. Research Design
In this research, the writer uses a quantitative research, because the writer
wants to know the effectiveness of clustering technique to improve students’
writing ability. This study was held in pre-experiment study. In this study
involved one class of the eighth grade (VIII-BP) in MTs. Khazanah Kebajikan.
The test were given to the students in VIII-BP class were pretest, formative test
and post test. Pretest was given before implementation of clustering technique.
Formative test and Posttest were given after implementation of clustering
technique. The process of the research can be presented as in the table below:
Table 3.1
The Process of Pre-Experiment Research
Experiment Class Y X Y1 Y2
(VIII-BP)
24
25
Explanation:
Y : The Pre-test before implementation of clustering technique
X : Treatment (Implementation of clustering technique)
Y1 : The Formative test after implementation of clustering technique
Y2 : The Post test, the final test after implementation of clustering technique
2. Sample
Sample of this research were taken throught purposive sample from the
VIII-BP class MTs Khazanah Kebajikan Tangerang Selatan. The
purposive sample were taken because the number of students in VIII-BP
class were 23 students. Based on the number of students, sample in this
research were involved all of students in the VIII-BP class.
model of Clustering technique, preparing material and media. The next phase is
the writer taught writing based on lesson plan prepared in planning phase. The
writer acts as the English teacher who taught writing through Clustering technique
and English teacher acts as observer. During the teaching and learning activity,
the writer observed all of activities that happen in the class. The aspect in
observation are source of data, the instrument used in collecting the data, and
technique for data collection. So, this phase discusses about the process of
recording and gathering all relevant data occured during the implementation of the
clustering technique. The writer use field note or unstructured observation sheet as
a guideline while observing. And the last activity is reflect the data that have been
collected to determine whether the implementation of clustering technique is
successful or not. It is necessary for evaluating to hold implementation on the next
meeting be accomplished. This phase carried out collaboratively with the teacher
to discuss some problems in the classroom that occured during teaching writing
descriptive text through clustering technique.
1. Interview
Interview is particularly useful for getting data behind the English teacher’s
experiences. It is used to know students’ difficulties in writing ability and
27
technique used by teacher wether writing activity. The interview also to know the
teacher’s response toward the idea of clustering technique. Before implementing
the clustering technique, the writer asks the teacher to know students’ difficulties
in writing skill, students’ condition involving in writing activity, and the method
or kinds of strategies usually adopted by the teacher in teaching writing. The
interview also will be carried out after implementing the clustering technique to
know the teacher’s response toward the idea of Clustering Technique in teaching
writing.
2. Field Notes
The writer used field notes to record activities during the teaching and
learning of writing through Clustering technique in the classroom. Including
description of classroom, class situation as writing activity, atmosphere and
students’ attitude during study activity, and students’ respons concerning the use
of clustering technique. In general, all of the need aspects that should be noticed is
to make sure whether the teacher learning process in line with the lesson plan or
not.
3. Test
The test used in this study is pre-test and post-test. The pre-test is done
before implementing Clustering technique. Meanwhile, post-test is implemented
after using Clustering technique. The test is used to measure students’ writing
ability and to know the effectiveness of clustering technique to improve students’
writing ability.
1
Sara Chusing Weigle, Assessing Writing, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002),
p. 116.
28
related to the students’ paragraph writing test of writing ability. The analytical
scoring rubric using as follows:
Table 3.2
The Analytical Scoring Rubric
Components of
Writing Scores Indicators
Mx : Mean
X : Total of Individual Score
N : Number of Cases (students)
To get the class percentage which passes the minimum mastery criteria: 70
(seventy), the writer uses the formula: 3
2
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2006),
p. 81.
3
Ibid., p. 43.
30
4
Steven C. Chapra, Applied Numerical Methods With MATLAB for Engineers and Scientists:
International Edition, ( New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006), p. 61-62.
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDING AND INTERPRETATION
In this chapter, the researcher describes the data that have been obtained in
the implementation of clustering technique process.
A. Research Finding
1. Findings of the Preliminary Study
a. The Result of Interview.
In pre-interview, the writer used unstructured interview in conducting
preliminary study. It was held on Friday, March 14, 2014 started at 10.00 A.M.
and finished at 10.40 A.M. The writer asked to the teacher some questions which
divided into three categories. They are the general condition in English class
especially in writing class, the difficulty faced by students in writing ability, and
the strategy used by the teacher to solve students’ difficulties in writing ability.
The first category, the writer discussed about the general condition in English
class especially in writing class. The teacher said that every student has a different
attitude when learning English. Most of students who did not like English class
because they gained low competence in English, and still faced obstacle in
following the English lesson. Moreover, the teacher stated that most of them were
nardly to pass the Minimum Mastery Criterion.
Second category, the writer discussed about the students' difficulties in
writing ability. The teacher told that writing skill was one of the most difficult
faced by students in learning English. The teacher mentioned the difficulties for
some students VIII-BP class in writing skill because students are confused on
generating ideas, organizing into paragraph, and less vocabulary. Consequently,
they are lazy to do the task of writing and lack of their score in passing the
Minimum Mastery Criterion (KKM).
The third category is related to the teacher's strategy in teaching writing
previously to solve the students' difficulties in writing ability. It was found that the
teacher often took picture in teaching writing and story telling. Up to now; the
31
32
teacher had been looking for an alternative-way to teach writing and to engage
students actively in teaching learning process. At last, the writer proposed to
implement Clustering technique; it might be able to improve students' writing -
ability.
The conclusion of the interview in term of the students' difficulties in
writing was the students' of VIII-BP class still have difficulties in writing in term
of generating ideas, and organizing ideas into paragraph.
After that, to get the class percentages which pass Minimum Mastery
Criterion criteria 70 in 75% of 23 student, the writer use the formula:
Based on the result of the pre test, the data showed that the mean score of
pretest was 55.86 There were only four students who derived the score above the
Minimum Mastery Criterion meanwhile the other 19 students were below that
criterion. The lowest achievement gained score 35.00. From that analyzing, it
could be seen that almost of the VIII-BP students’ writing ability was still very
low.
33
Table 4.1
The Students’ Writing Score of Pretest
1. Student 1 70
2. Student 2 75
3. Student 3 65
4. Student 4 70
5. Student 5 50
6. Student 6 55
7. Student 7 35
8. Student 8 55
9. Student 9 60
10. Student 10 60
11. Student 11 65
12. Student 12 50
13. Student 13 55
14. Student 14 70
15. Student 15 50
16. Student 16 65
17. Student 17 60
18. Student 18 50
19. Student 19 50
20. Student 20 55
21. Student 21 50
22. Student 22 70
23. Student 23 70
Total 1285
Mean 55.86
34
descriptive text that had been studied. Based on the result of formative test, the
data showed that the mean score of formative test was 67.17. There were 14
students who passed the Minimum Mastery Criterion 70 (seventy). Meanwhile the
other 9 students did not pass the test score criterion.
After that, the writer and the teacher discussed about the conclusion of
implementing the action. Then, they tried to modify the action in order students'
writing ability and in order 75% of students in the class could pass the Minimum
Mastery Criterion because in the result of formative test showed only 60.86% of
students who passed the Minimum Mastery Criterion. Meanwhile, field notes
showed that the teaching learning activities has done well although there were
some problems that should be solved.
Before giving the post test to the students, the writer modified the previous
lesson plan based on the result of the formative test. The lesson plan which was
used still related to clustering technique in learning writing. There were not
significant differences with the previous lesson plan. The material still related to
descriptive text but it is focus on procedural descriptive text. However, there were
some modifications from the previous lesson plan; that was the teacher needed to
give interesting explanation by using picture related to the topic to the students in
class presentation and asked students to bring dictionary. Beside of that, the writer
still also prepared field notes to note the classroom activities, and also prepared
the posttest to collect the data.
The action implementation of clustering technique to prepare post test is
on April 14 and 17, 2014. In the first meeting, the writer introduce a new topic
about describing people by using Clustering technique and asked the students to
make Clustering technique facilitated by the dictionary. In the second meeting, the
students were asked to edit their draft, read their final draft, and collect the final
draft. The final draft was the data for the posttest.
During the implementation of clustering technique running, generally the
class condition in learning process was better than the previous meeting. It could
be seen from the result of field notes that the students who were able to focus and
to pay attention on the teacher explanation and when they followed the writing
36
lesson, they enjoyed doing exercises. Then, most of them were enthusiastic to
choose their favorite person and made clustering technique based on the topic
given by the teacher. Related to the teacher's performance, she looked masters the
technique and the material she gives. She checked the students' work by walking
to their table and giving comments. Then, her voice more loudly, it could be seen
students could understand easily because the teacher's explanation was not so low.
Automatically, it led a good feedback from students' response in conveying their
ideas and students were helped by the teacher to comprehend the text. Next,
students did not give up when they found unfamiliar words because they could
look up in their dictionary as suggested their teacher. In the last meeting, the
teacher, was held on post-test regarding students' writing ability of descriptive
text. Based on the result of the post-test, the mean score of the class in writing test
gained 73.04 in which there were 20 students who passed the Minimum Mastery
Criterion (KKM) 70 (seventy).
After getting the result of field notes and posttest. The writer and the
teacher felt satisfied in as much their efforts to improve the students' writing
ability had been realized. The result of the posttest showed that 86.95% of the
students got the score above the Minimum Mastery Criterion (KKM). So it has
met criterion of success that 75% of the students get the score above the
Minimum Mastery Criterion KKM).
According to the result of the evaluation between the writer and the
teacher, it could be assumed that the implementing of Clustering Technique to
improving students' writing ability was appropriate with the planning that had
been discussed by the writer and the teacher previously. In this case, every action
was planned as good as possible so that the writing activities could be
accomplished well.
= = 67.17
Next, to know students scores of formative test for the need of knowing
the level of Minimum Criterion criteria (KKM) 70 (seventy), it used the formula
as seen below:
38
The data showed that the mean score of formative test was 67.17 There were only
14 students or 60.86% of the students who got the score above the Minimum
Mastery Criterion meanwhile the other 9 students were below that criterion.
There was a slight improvement of students' mean score from the students'
writing on the preliminary study to the students' writing on the formative test. The
improvement percentage derived from the formula:
The data showed that the mean score of the previous score was 55.86 and
the mean score of the students' writing on the formative test was 67.17. That
means that there was 20.24% of mean score improvement. The following was the
table of students’ writing score of formative test:
Table 4.2
The Students’ Writing Score of Formative Test
1. Student 1 75
2. Student 2 75
3. Student 3 65
4. Student 4 75
5. Student 5 75
6. Student 6 75
7. Student 7 55
8. Student 8 70
9. Student 9 60
39
10. Student 10 80
11. Student 11 75
12. Student 12 60
13. Student 13 80
14. Student 14 75
15. Student 15 65
16. Student 16 70
17. Student 17 80
18. Student 18 60
19. Student 19 60
20. Student 20 65
21. Student 21 70
22. Student 22 80
23. Student 23 70
Total 1545
Mean 67.17
Then, The calculation of class percentage about the students who passed
the Minimum Mastery Criterion:
40
Based on the result of the students' writing, there was better improvement
of students' mean score from the students' writing in the preliminary study to the
students' writing in the post-test. The mean score for the first one was 55.86 and
the mean score of writing posttest was 73.04 It means that there was 30.75% of
mean score improvement. The students who passed the Minimum Mastery
Criterion (KKM) were 20 students or 86.95% into class percentage. It indicated
that the first criterion of success has been achieved. The following was the table
of students’ writing score of Post-test:
Table 4.3
The Students’ Writing Score of Posttest
1. Student 1 75
2. Student 2 75
3. Student 3 75
4. Student 4 80
5. Student 5 75
6. Student 6 85
7. Student 7 55
8. Student 8 85
9. Student 9 75
10. Student 10 80
41
11. Student 11 75
12. Student 12 65
13. Student 13 85
14. Student 14 75
15. Student 15 80
16. Student 16 75
17. Student 17 85
18. Student 18 75
19. Student 19 75
20. Student 20 75
21. Student 21 75
22. Student 22 80
23. Student 23 70
Total 1680
Mean 73.04
Table 4.4
The Students’ Writing Score of Pretest, Formative Test, Posttest
6. Student 6 55 75 85
7. Student 7 35 55 55
8. Student 8 55 70 85
9. Student 9 60 60 75
10. Student 10 60 80 80
11. Student 11 65 75 75
12. Student 12 50 60 65
13. Student 13 55 80 85
14. Student 14 70 75 75
15. Student 15 50 65 80
16. Student 16 65 70 75
17. Student 17 60 80 85
18. Student 18 50 60 75
19. Student 19 50 60 75
20 Student 20 55 65 75
21. Student 21 50 70 75
22. Student 22 70 80 80
23. Student 23 70 75 75
Total 1285 1545 1680
Mean 55.86 67,17 73.04
43
Figure 4.1
Students’ Improvement in Writing Score
80
60
Pre-Test
40 Post-Test 1
Post-Test 2
20
In the preliminary study, the mean score of students on writing test before
using Clustering Technique is 55.86. Meanwhile, the class percentages which pass
the Minimum Mastery Criterion (KKM) are 17.39%. It means that there are only
four students who are able to pass the Minimum Mastery Criterion (KKM) 70
(seventy) and there are 19 students are out of the target.
Furthermore, the mean score in the formative test is 67.17. It means that
there is some students' score improvement from the previous test that is 20,24%.
Meanwhile, the class percentages which pass the Mastery Criterion (KKM) in
post-test 1 are 60.86%. It shows there are 14 students who pass the Mastery
Criterion (KKM) and there are 9 students whose score still under Mastery
Criterion (KKM).
Next, the mean score in the post-test is 73.04. It shows the students'
improvement score 5.87 (73.04 – 67.17) from the formative test (67.17) or
60.86% students' improvement in the score percentage from the preliminary study.
Meanwhile, the class percentages which pass the Mastery Criterion (KKM) are
44
86.95%. It means there are 20 students whose score pass the Mastery Criterion
(KKM) and there are 3 students are under the target of Mastery Criterion (KKM).
This class percentage shows some improvements 86,95% from the preliminary
study (17.39%) or formative test (60.86%) in the class percentage. The result of
the research is from the 23 students as research sample, 75% of the students could
pass the Mastery Criterion (KKM). In short, clustering technique can improve the
students’ skill in writing descriptive text.
As a comparison of the result of this research, especially concerning the
improvement of students writing skill in descriptive text, the writer uses the
previous study conducted by Rini Khomariah under the title “Improving Students
Writing Skill In Descriptive Text Through Communication Game at the Eight
Grade Students of SMP Negeri 1 Babadan Ponorogo in the Academic year of
2012/2013”.1 In her study, Khomariah concluded that communication game could
improve the students writing skill in descriptive text at SMPN 1 Babadan
Ponorogo as in the post test mean score (72.50) of students was higher than the
pre-test mean score (66.00) at the 6.50 level of significance. Moreover, students
were being active in teaching and learning process and the students interested in
writing descriptive text using communication game through rank order strategy.
The result of Khomariah’s study above has differences and similarity with the
writer’s. The differences are on the place, population and sample, technique of
collecting data, technique (method) of the study and Classroom action research as
the research design. While the similarity with the writer’s study is on the use of
descriptive text as the subject material of discussion.
For further information of the comparasion between the the writer’s
finding and the other researchers’ can be referred to the previous study in the
chapter two.
1
Rini Khomariah, Improving Students Writing Skill in Descriptive Text through
Communication Game at the Eight Grade Students of SMP Negeri 1 Babadan Ponorogo in the
academic year of 2012/2013, Skripsi, October 20th, 2012, Faculty of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
This study is categorized pre-experiment research method, the objective in
this study is to find out whether clustering technique can improve students’
writing skill in writing descriptive text. Therefore, this study is using quantitative
research. The result of data analysis can be described as follows: First, the
improvement could be seen from the increase of students' mean writing score
from 55.86 or 17.39% of the class percentages which pass the Minimum Mastery
Criterion (KKM) in the preliminary study, and 67.17 or 60.86% of the class
percentages which pass the Minimum Mastery Criterion (KKM) in the formative
test, to 73.04 or 86.95% of the class percentages which pass the Minimum
Mastery Criterion (KKM) in the post test. Second, from the result of field notes, it
showed that the class condition during teaching learning process creates the
positive atmosphere in the classroom, and also makes students creative in finding
the ideas. In short, the result of research is the implementation of Clustering
Technique in the second semester of VIII-BP class of MTs. Khazanah Kebajikan
in academic year 2013/2014 can be concluded that clustering technique can
improve the students' skill in writing descriptive text
B. Suggestion
Based on the conclusion, it can be carried out the research, the writer
concludes that clustering technique could improve students' skill in writing
descriptive text. Regarding to the subject of the research, the writer suggests that
the teacher should be used various techniques in the classroom because it can
motivate their students and they will not get boring easily especially implement
the Clustering Technique as an alternative strategy in teaching writing. For
45
46
students, they can easily apply and practice the clustering technique by following
the ways. It will help them to solve their problem in writing and to improve their
writing’ results. To the school principals, this research will be a feedback for them
to improve and develop qualities of the students. They can ask English teachers to
elaborate some writing techniques to make various learning in the classroom in
order to make a good learning process. If the students’ learning process is better,
the quality of students will be higher. To the next researchers, the writer hope this
research will be a source for those who want to raise the similar case. From this
research, they can obtain some basic information about clustering technique,
writing and descriptive text. They can also get brief description how the technique
is applied in the classroom. Therefore, it will be a guidance for them to describe
and explain some procedures of the research part by part. And the last is for the
writer, the writer got many experiences in doing the research and helping the
English teacher to solve the students’ problems in writing by proposing a
technique, clustering technique.
REFERENCES
Axelrod, Rise B. and Cooper, Charles R., Guide to Writing, New York:
St.Martin’s Press, Inc., 1985.
Barnet, Sylvan and Stubbs, Marcia, Practical Guide to Writing, Boston: Little,
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Burns, Anne, Doing Action Research in English Language Teaching, New York:
Routledge Taylor&Francis Group, 2010.
Chapra, Steven C., Applied Numerical Methods With MATLAB for Engineers and
Scientists: International Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006.
Dietrich, Julia and Kaiser, Marjorie M., Writing: Self Expression and
Communication, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986.
Dietsch, Betty Mattix, Reasoning and Writing Well: Third Edition, New York:
McGraw-Hill, 2003.
Dietsch, Betty Matix, Reasoning and Writing Well: Fourth Edition, New York:
McGraw-Hill: 2006.
Fowler, Alastair, How To Write, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Hart, Andrew W. and Reinking, James A., Writing for Career Education
Students: Third Edition, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1986.
Hedge, Tricia, Teaching and Learning in the Language Classroom, New York:
Oxford University Press, 2000.
Khomariah, Rini, Improving Students Writing Skill In Descriptive Text Through
Communication Game At The Eight Grade Students of SMP Negeri 1
Babadan Ponorogo in the academic year of 2012/2013, Skripsi, Faculty of
Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo,
2012.
Langan, John, College Writing Skills with Readings: Fifth Edition, New York:
McGraw-Hill Company, 2001.
Langan, John, College Writing Skills: Sixth Edition, New York: McGraw Hill,
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Miller, Robert Keith, Motives for Writing: Fifth Edition, New York, McGraw-Hill
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Nurkhayatun, Using Bits And Pieces Game To Improve Students’ Writing Skill
On Descriptive Texts (A Classroom Action Research at the Seventh Grade
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Studies Semarang, 2011.
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Pharr, Donald and Buscemi, Santi V., Writing Today: Context and Option for the
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Reid, Joy M., Teaching ESL Writing, New Jersey: Regents/Prentice Hall, 1993.
Richards, Jack C. and Rodgers, Theodore S., Approach and Methods in Language
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Stong, William, and Lester, Mark, Writer’s Choice Grammar and Composition:
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Sudijono, Anas, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada,
2006.
9. Tanya: Menurut ibu, apakah ada tekhnik lain untuk mengatasi kesulitan
siswa dalam writing?
Jawab: Dikarenakan siswa saya yang visual learner, saya sering mengajarkan
writing menggunakan picture. Melalui picture itu saya menjelaskan hal-hal
yang dipelajari. Tetapi saya pernah mendengar tentang clustering technique
atau tekhnik-tekhnik yang digunakan sebelum memulai menulis. Clustering
technique membuat ide-ide tentang topic yang akan ditulis, sehingga tulisan
lebih terkonsep, para siswa tidak asal menulis dan membantu mereka
menemukan ide-ide dan tidak membuat mereka bingung saat menulis.
10. Tanya: Jenis teks apa yang ibu sarankan untuk digunakan dalam
penelitian ini?
Jawab: Descriptive text, karena descriptive text sesuai dengan materi yang
dipelajari di semester ini.
1. Tujuan Pembelajaran
Pada akhir pembelajaran, siswa dapat:
Siswa dapat mengidentifikasikan makna dalam teks descriptive yang dapat
digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan suatu tempat dalam bentuk tulisan
descriptive.
Siswa dapat mengidentifikasikan langkah-langkah retorika dalam teks
descriptive (describing place)
Siswa dapat menulis teks berbentuk descriptive.
Siswa mampu menunjukkan motivasi untuk mengembangkan kemampuan
menulis dalam bahasa Inggris, terutama dalam membuat tulisan
descriptive.
Siswa mampu berpedoman pada ajaran agama Islam tentang adab dalam
membuat sebuah karya tulis/tulisan terutama tulisan berbentuk descriptive.
2. Materi Pembelajaran:
Teks tulis monolog/esei sederhana berbentuk descriptive, yaitu describing
place:
My Home
4. Langkah-Langkah Kegiatan
Pertemuan pertama dan kedua.
A.Kegiatan Pendahuluan
Apersepsi :
Siswa menjawab salam dari guru dengan antusias, hormat, serta
santun.
(nilai yang ditanamkan: Rasa hormat dan perhatian).
Siswa di cek kehadirannya oleh guru.
(nilai yang ditanamkan: tekun dan rajin).
Siswa mengaitkan materi yang akan dipelajari tentang descriptive
text dengan karakter di bawah bimbingan guru.
Siswa memahami butir karakter yang perlu mereka kembangkan
yang berkaitan dengan materi yang disampaikan guru dengan
merujuk pada silabus, RPP, dan bahan ajar.
Siswa memberikan respon yang baik terhadap kegiatan ice
breaking yang diberikan oleh guru.
Motivasi :
Siswa diberikan motivasi dengan penjelasan pentingnya materi yang
akan dipelari dan kaitannya terhadap kehidupan berikut kompetensi
yang harus dikuasi siswa
B. Kegiatan Inti
Eksplorasi
Dalam kegiatan eksplorasi:
Siswa dilibatkan untuk mencari informasi yang luas dan dalam tentang
topik/tema materi yang akan dipelajari oleh siswa yaitu dalam
mendeskripsikan sebuah tempat dalam bentuk tulisan dengan metode
clustering (pengelompokkan kata).
Siswa mendengarkan penjelasan introduction tentang materi dalam
mendeskripsikan sebuah tempat dalam bentuk tulisan dengan metode
clustering (pengelompokkan kata).
Siswa memahami dan merespon secara lisan penjelasan kosakata dan
tatabahasa tentang topik materi yang dipelajari yaitu materi tentang
mendeskripsikan sebuah tempat dalam bentuk tulisan dengan metode
clustering (pengelompokkan kata).
Elaborasi
Dalam kegiatan elaborasi:
Siswa mengindentifikasikan tempat yang akan di deskripsikan dalam
bentuk tulisan descriptive.
Siswa diberi penjelasan mengenai tekhnik yang dipakai dalam
penulisan descriptive menggunakan clustering.
Siswa berdiskusi mengenai langkah-langkah membuat tulisan
descriptive.
Siswa mendemonstrasikan penggunaan clustering technique dalam
mendeskripsikan sebuah.
Siswa mengerjakan latihan soal secara individual, yaitu membuat
paragraf descriptive yang mendeskripsikan sebuah tempat
menggunakan clustering sesuai yang dicontohkan oleh guru.
My Home
Small Clean
Bedroom
Bathroom
Kitchen
Konfirmasi
Dalam kegiatan konfirmasi:
Siswa yang telah mampu menyelesaikan tugasnya dengan baik
menerima umpan balik positif dan penguatan dalam bentuk lisan,
tulisan, isyarat, maupun hadiah terhadap keberhasilan peserta didik.
Siswa menerima konfirmasi terhadap hasil pekerjaan yang sudah
dikerjakannya dengan penuh tanggung jawab.
Siswa melakukan refleksi untuk memperoleh pengalaman belajar
yang telah dilakukan.
Siswa difasilitasi oleh guru untuk memperoleh pengalaman yang
bermakna dalam mencapai kompetensi dasar.
Siswa yang kurang dan belum bisa mengikuti materi tentang
mendeskripsikan sebuah tempat akan diberikan bimbingan lebih
lanjut.
C. Kegiatan Penutup
Dalam kegiatan penutup:
Siswa bersama-sama dengan guru membuat rangkuman/simpulan
pelajaran.
Siswa diberikan penilaian dan refleksi terhadap kegiatan
pembelajaran yang sudah dilaksanakan secara terprogram.
Siswa diberikan umpan balik oleh guru terhadap proses dan hasil
pembelajaran.
Siswa diberitahukan tentang rencana pembelajaran pada pertemuan
berikutnya agar siswa dapat mempersiapkan diri untuk mempelajari
pelajaran lanjutan di pertemuan selanjutnya.
6. Penilaian.
Indikator, Tekhnik, Bentuk, dan Contoh
No. Indikator Tekhnik Bentuk Contoh
1. Mengident Tes Tulis Mengidentifikasik
My Home
ifikasikan an penggunaan
langkah- clustering dengan
langkah membuat contoh
dalam bagan clustering Small
4 Rooms
membuat dan
tulisan melengkapinya.
descriptive Clean
mengguna ..........
kan .....
clustering
technique
(describin
g place).
Instrumen:
Make descriptive writing about describing place using clustering.
7. Pedoman Penilaian:
a. Nilai maksimum: 100
b. Nilai Siswa = Skor Perolehan x 5
8. Rubrik Penilaian:
Components of
Scores Indicators
Writing
Content 4 Relevant to the topic and easy to understand
3 Rather relevant to the topic and easy to understand.
2 Relevant to the topic but is not quite easy to
understand
1 Quite relevant to the topic but is not quite easy to
understand
Organization 4 Most of the sentences are related to the main idea
3 Some sentences are related to the main idea
2 Few sentences related to the main idea
1 The sentences are unrelated to each other
Vocabulary 4 A few errors in choice of words, spelling and
punctuation
3 Some errors in choice of words, spelling and
punctuation
2 Occasional errors in choice of words, spelling and
punctuation
1 Frequent errors in choice of words, spelling and
punctuation
Grammar 4 A few grammatical inaccuracies
3 Some grammatical inaccuracies
2 Numerous grammatical inaccuracies
1 Frequent grammatical inaccuracies
Mechanic 4 Few errors of spelling and capitalization.
3 Occasional errors of spelling, punctuation, and
capitalization. (meaning not obscurred)
2 Frequent errors of spelling, punctuation, and
capitalization. (meaning confused or obscurred).
1 Dominate by errors of spelling, punctuation,
capitalization, handwriting illegible or not enough
to evaluate.
Mengetahui,
Guru Bidang Study, Researcher
Mrs. Eneng Sumarni, S.S Rifqa Mumtazati
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Meeting : 1 (One)
Time : 13.00-14.00
Observer
Eneng Sumarni, S.S
FIELD NOTES
Meeting : 2 (Two)
Time : 13.00-14.00
Observer
Eneng Sumarni, S.S
RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN
(RPP)
1. Tujuan Pembelajaran
Pada akhir pembelajaran, siswa dapat:
Siswa dapat mengidentifikasikan makna dalam teks descriptive yang dapat
digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan suatu tempat dalam bentuk tulisan
descriptive.
Siswa dapat mengidentifikasikan langkah-langkah retorika dalam teks
descriptive (describing people)
Siswa dapat menulis teks berbentuk descriptive.
Siswa mampu menunjukkan motivasi untuk mengembangkan kemampuan
menulis dalam bahasa Inggris, terutama dalam membuat tulisan
descriptive.
Siswa mampu berpedoman pada ajaran agama Islam tentang adab dalam
membuat sebuah karya tulis/tulisan terutama tulisan berbentuk descriptive.
2. Materi Pembelajaran:
Teks tulis monolog/esei sederhana berbentuk descriptive, yaitu describing
people:
My Friend
I have a best friend, her name is Francisca, she is very beautiful and
smart, she has wavy and long hair, her eyes color is brown eyes, she looks
beautiful. Her body is thin and tall, she also very kind and friendly. I proud to
be her friend, I love her, she is my best friend.
4. Langkah-Langkah Kegiatan
Pertemuan pertama dan kedua.
A.Kegiatan Pendahuluan
Apersepsi :
Siswa menjawab salam dari guru dengan antusias, hormat, serta
santun.
(nilai yang ditanamkan: Rasa hormat dan perhatian).
Siswa di cek kehadirannya oleh guru.
(nilai yang ditanamkan: tekun dan rajin).
Siswa mengaitkan materi yang akan dipelajari tentang descriptive
text dengan karakter di bawah bimbingan guru.
Siswa memahami butir karakter yang perlu mereka kembangkan
yang berkaitan dengan materi yang disampaikan guru dengan
merujuk pada silabus, RPP, dan bahan ajar.
Siswa memberikan respon yang baik terhadap kegiatan ice
breaking yang diberikan oleh guru.
Motivasi :
Siswa diberikan motivasi dengan penjelasan pentingnya materi yang
akan dipelari dan kaitannya terhadap kehidupan berikut kompetensi
yang harus dikuasi siswa
B. Kegiatan Inti
Eksplorasi
Dalam kegiatan eksplorasi:
Siswa dilibatkan untuk mencari informasi yang luas dan dalam tentang
topik/tema materi yang akan dipelajari oleh siswa yaitu dalam
mendeskripsikan seseorang dalam bentuk tulisan dengan metode
clustering (pengelompokkan kata).
Siswa mendengarkan penjelasan introduction tentang materi dalam
mendeskripsikan seseorang dalam bentuk tulisan dengan metode
clustering (pengelompokkan kata).
Siswa memahami dan merespon secara lisan penjelasan kosakata dan
tatabahasa tentang topik materi yang dipelajari yaitu materi tentang
mendeskripsikan sebuah tempat dalam bentuk tulisan dengan metode
clustering (pengelompokkan kata).
Elaborasi
Dalam kegiatan elaborasi:
Siswa mengindentifikasikan tempat yang akan di deskripsikan dalam
bentuk tulisan descriptive.
Siswa diberi penjelasan mengenai tekhnik yang dipakai dalam
penulisan descriptive menggunakan clustering.
Siswa berdiskusi mengenai langkah-langkah membuat tulisan
descriptive.
Siswa mendemonstrasikan penggunaan clustering technique dalam
mendeskripsikan seseorang.
Siswa mengerjakan latihan soal secara individual, yaitu membuat
paragraf descriptive yang mendeskripsikan seseorang menggunakan
clustering sesuai yang dicontohkan oleh guru.
My Friend
Beautiful Smart
Long hair
Brown eyes
Black
Wavy Hair
Konfirmasi
Dalam kegiatan konfirmasi:
Siswa yang telah mampu menyelesaikan tugasnya dengan baik
menerima umpan balik positif dan penguatan dalam bentuk lisan,
tulisan, isyarat, maupun hadiah terhadap keberhasilan peserta didik.
Siswa menerima konfirmasi terhadap hasil pekerjaan yang sudah
dikerjakannya dengan penuh tanggung jawab.
Siswa melakukan refleksi untuk memperoleh pengalaman belajar
yang telah dilakukan.
Siswa difasilitasi oleh guru untuk memperoleh pengalaman yang
bermakna dalam mencapai kompetensi dasar.
Siswa yang kurang dan belum bisa mengikuti materi tentang
mendeskripsikan sebuah tempat akan diberikan bimbingan lebih
lanjut.
C. Kegiatan Penutup
Dalam kegiatan penutup:
Siswa bersama-sama dengan guru membuat rangkuman/simpulan
pelajaran.
Siswa diberikan penilaian dan refleksi terhadap kegiatan
pembelajaran yang sudah dilaksanakan secara terprogram.
Siswa diberikan umpan balik oleh guru terhadap proses dan hasil
pembelajaran.
Siswa diberitahukan tentang rencana pembelajaran pada pertemuan
berikutnya agar siswa dapat mempersiapkan diri untuk mempelajari
pelajaran lanjutan di pertemuan selanjutnya.
6. Penilaian.
Indikator, Tekhnik, Bentuk, dan Contoh
No. Indikator Tekhnik Bentuk Contoh
1. Mengident Tes Tulis Mengidentifikasik
My Friend
ifikasikan an penggunaan
langkah- clustering dengan
langkah membuat contoh
dalam bagan clustering Beautiful
Body
membuat dan
tulisan melengkapinya.
descriptive
mengguna Thin
Tall
kan
clustering
technique
(describin
g people).
Instrumen:
Make descriptive writing about describing place using clustering.
7. Pedoman Penilaian:
a. Nilai maksimum: 100
b. Nilai Siswa = Skor Perolehan x 5
8. Rubrik Penilaian:
Components of
Scores Indicators
Writing
Content 4 Relevant to the topic and easy to understand
3 Rather relevant to the topic and easy to understand.
2 Relevant to the topic but is not quite easy to
understand
1 Quite relevant to the topic but is not quite easy to
understand
Organization 4 Most of the sentences are related to the main idea
3 Some sentences are related to the main idea
2 Few sentences related to the main idea
1 The sentences are unrelated to each other
Vocabulary 4 A few errors in choice of words, spelling and
punctuation
3 Some errors in choice of words, spelling and
punctuation
2 Occasional errors in choice of words, spelling and
punctuation
1 Frequent errors in choice of words, spelling and
punctuation
Grammar 4 A few grammatical inaccuracies
3 Some grammatical inaccuracies
2 Numerous grammatical inaccuracies
1 Frequent grammatical inaccuracies
Mechanic 4 Few errors of spelling and capitalization.
3 Occasional errors of spelling, punctuation, and
capitalization. (meaning not obscurred)
2 Frequent errors of spelling, punctuation, and
capitalization. (meaning confused or obscurred).
1 Dominate by errors of spelling, punctuation,
capitalization, handwriting illegible or not enough
to evaluate.
Mengetahui,
Guru Bidang Study, Researcher
Mrs. Eneng Sumarni, S.S Rifqa Mumtazati
No Datc
(@
Students’ Writing Scores in the Post-Test 2
No. NAME OF STUDENT SCORE
Meeting : 3 (Three)
Time : 13.00-14.00
Theme/Sub theme :
Observer
Eneng Sumarni, S.S
FIELD NOTES
Meeting : 4 (Four)
Time : 13.00-14.00
Theme/Sub theme :
Observer
Eneng Sumarni, S.S
INTERVIEW GUIDELINESS
Kepada Yth.
1/orr.Syauki, M.Pd
Ismalianing Eviyuliwati, M.Hum
Pembimbing Skripsi
Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan
UIN Syarif Hidayatullah
Jakarta.
Semester X (Sepuluh)
Judul Skripsi Improving Students' Skill in Writing Descriptive Text
th rough Clustering Technique
Judul tersebut telah disetujui olehjurusan yang bersangkutan padatanggal 9 Januari Z0l4 ,
abstraksr/outline terlampir. Saudara d apat melakukan perubahan redaksional pada judul
tersebut. Apabila perubahan substansial dianggap perlu, mohon pembimbing menghubungi
Jurusan terlebih dahulu.
Bimbingan skripsi ini diharapkan selesai dalam waktu 6 (enam) bulan, dan dapat
diperpanjang selama 6 (enam) bulan berikutnya tanpa surat perpanjangan.
Atas perhatian dan kerja sama Saudar4 kami ucapkan terima kasih.
Drs. S M.Pd
t2t2 t99103 I 002
Tembusan:
l. DekanFITK
2. Mahasiswa ybs.
KEMENTERIAN AGAMA B,I
sNN\ UIN JAKARTA Tgl.Terbit : 1 Maret 2010 -l
FORM (FR) ruo nJviii: : 01
FITK
\il$: S
rl
SURAT PERMOHONAN IZIN PENELITIAN I
Kepada Yth.
Kepala Sekolah
Mts. Khazanah Kebajikan
di
Tempat
Atas perhatian dan kerja sama Saudara, kami ucapkan terima kasih.
Tembusan.
1 Dekan FITK
2 Pembantu Dekan Bidang Akademik
3 Mahasiswa yang bersangkutan
*;!;)4)>--i,
YAYASAN KIIAZANAH KEBA.]IKAN
MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH KIIAZANAH KEBA.JIKAN
TERAKREDITASI A
NO. AKREDITASI : 28.00.SMP/MTs.552.11
NSM. 212.28.04.17.138
Bank BRI Rek. No. 0919.01.019236.53.0
Jl. Talas 1 Rt. 01/010 Pondok Cabe llir, Pamulang, Tangerang, Banten 15418 Telp. (O21)74707253 Fax. (021)7495254
Website : www.khazanahkebajikan.org
SURAT KETEMNGAN
NO : MTs.5.28.04.07 l0 1.09/PP.00.5t069t2014
Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini Kepala Madrasah Tsanawiyah Khazanah Keba.iikan
menerangkan bahwa :
Bahwa nama tersebut diatas telah melaksanakan riset/penelitian pada bulan Maret April
-
2014 di sekolah MTs Khazanah Kebajikan sehubungan dengan tugas penyelesaian skripsi
yang berjudul :
Demikianlah surat keterangan ini dibuat dengan sebenamya, agar pihak yang
berkepentingan maklum.