IMPROVING STUDENTS’ DESCIPTIVE WRITING SKILL THROUGH

CONCEPT MAPPING TECHNIQUE

(A Classroom Action Research at The First Grade Students of SMAN 1

Narmada in Academic Year 2022/2023)

A THESIS

BY

NI LUH PUTU SUMARIANTINI

E1D118079

Submitted as a Partial of the Requirements for Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd)

Degree of English Education at University of Mataram

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MATARAM
2022
 KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN, KEBUDAYAAN, RISET DAN TEKNOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS MATARAM
FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
Jl. Majapahit 62 Mataram Telp. 0370-623873 Fax. 634918 Mataram 83125
E-mail: fkipunram@ac.id, Website: www.fkip.unram.ac.id

THESIS APPROVAL

This thesis entitled:

Improving Students’ Descriptive Writing Skill Through Concept Mapping

Technique (A Classroom Action Research at The First Grade Students of SMAN
1 Narmada in Academic Year 2022/2023).

Written by:

Surname :Ni Luh Putu Sumariantini

NIM : E1D118079
Study Program : English Education

Has been approved.

Mataram, 27th October 2022

Advisor I, Advisor II,

Prof. Drs. Mahyuni, M.A., Ph.D. Dr. Amrullah, S.Pd., M.Pd.

NIP. 19631231198803 1 023 NIP. 19740920200801 1 005

Acknowledged by

Head of Language and Art Department,

Dr. Amrullah, S.Pd., M.Pd.

NIP. 19740920200801 1 005

i
 KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN, KEBUDAYAAN, RISET DAN TEKNOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS MATARAM
FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
Jl. Majapahit 62 Mataram Telp. 0370-623873 Fax. 634918 Mataram 83125
E-mail: fkipunram@ac.id, Website: www.fkip.unram.ac.id

RATIFICATION

This thesis entitled

Improving Students’ Descriptive Writing Skill Through Concept Mapping
Technique (A classroom Action Research at The First Grade Students of
SMAN 1 Narmada in Academic Year 2022/2023)

by

NI LUH PUTU SUMARIANTINI

E1D118079

Accepted by the Board of Examiners on October 2022 as the requirement to

achieve the Degree of Education Bachelor in English Education Program at the
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Mataram University

Board of Examiners:
Chairman,

Prof. Drs. Mahyuni, M.A., Ph.D.

NIP. 19631231198803 1 023
Member, Member,

Dr. Amrullah, S.Pd., M.Pd. Prof. Dr. Arifuddin, M.Pd.

NIP.19740920200801 1 005 NIP. 19661231199103 1 017

Acknowledged by:
Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and EducationUniversity of Mataram,

Prof. Dr. H. A. Wahab Jufri, M.Sc.

NIP. 19621225198703 1 001

ii
 KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN, KEBUDAYAAN, RISET DAN TEKNOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS MATARAM
FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
Jl. Majapahit 62 Mataram Telp. 0370-623873 Fax. 634918 Mataram 83125
E-mail: fkipunram@ac.id, Website: www.fkip.unram.ac.id

TESTIMONY OF ORIGINALITY

The undersigned below:

Surname : Ni Luh Putu Sumariantini

Place/DOB : Jungutan/31th March 1999
Gender : Female
Student ID Number : E1D118079
Program : English Education
Major : Language and Art
Thesis Title : Improving Students’ Descriptive Writing Skill
Through Concept Mapping Technique ( A Classoom
Action Research at The First Grade Students of
SMAN 1 Narmada in Academic Year 2022/2023)
Phone Number : 081246468387
Address : Dusun Karang Taliwang, Desa Dasan Tereng,
Kecamatan Narmada, Kabupaten Lombok Barat.

Here with, I testify that the undergraduate thesis entitled:

“Improving Students’ Descriptive Writing Skill Through Concept Mapping

Technique (A Classroom Action Research at The First Grade Students of
SMAN 1 Narmada in Academic Year 2022/2023)”

is the result of my own work that has not been submitted to any other universities
or institutions. There is no plagiarism of the previous researches which has been
made except those of which the writings are referred and mentioned in the literary
review and the bibliography. Hence later, if it is proved that there are some untrue
statements in this testimony, I will be fully responsible.

Mataram, 27th October 2022

Author,

Ni Luh Putu Sumariantini

NIM. E1D118079

iii
 CANDIDATES’ DECLARATION

I hereby clarify that this thesis entitles “IMPROVING STUDENTS’

DESCRIPTIVE WRITING SKILL THROUGH CONCEPT MAPPING

TECHNIQUE (A Classroom Action Research at The First Grade Students of

SMAN 1 Narmada in Academic Year 2022/2023)” is submitted as a partial

fulfillment of requirements for the Bachelor Degree (S.Pd) of Education and it is a

result of my own work. This thesis has never been submitted for higher degree

either to any university or institution.

Mataram, 27th October 2022

The Researcher,

Ni Luh Putu Sumariantini

E1D018109

v
 MOTTO AND DEDICATION

Motto

“Live as if you were to die tomorrow and learn as if you were to live forever.”

~nlps

Dedication

I dedicated this thesis to my beloved family who give me the priceless love and
continous prayers. And also to all my beloved firiends who always help and
support me in every moment.

vi
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Praise be to The One Almighty God for the blessings of age and health that

are bestowed to us so that the thesis entitled Improving Students’ Descriptive

Writing Skill Through Concept Mapping Technique (A Classroom Action

Research at The First Grade Students of SMAN 1 Narmada in Academic Year

2022/2023) can be completed according to plan.

This thesis is completed as expected before the readers due to help from

various parties. For this reason, the author would like to thank:

1. Prof. Ir. Bambang Hari Kusumo, M.Agr.St., Ph.D., as the Rector of

Mataram University,

2. Prof. Dr. H.A. Wahab Jufri, M.Sc., as the Dean of Faculty of Teacher

Training and Education of Mataram University,

3. Dr. Amrullah, M.Pd., as the head of Language and Arts Department,

4. Dr. Santi Farmasari, M.Ed.TESOL., as the head of English Education

Program,

5. Prof. Drs. Mahyuni, M.A., Ph.D., as the first supervisor,

6. Dr. Amrullah, M.Pd., as the second supervissor,

7. Author’s parents, I Nyoman Pande and Ni Nengah Puspita, who always

pray for the success of their children,

8. The compatriots who have helped arrange this thesis.

vii
 As a literary work, this thesis unpurposely may contain some shorcomings

and errors. Suggestions, input, and criticism from the readers are highly expected.

The author hopes that this thesis will become a part of knowledge that is benificial

to others until the end of time.

Mataram, 27 October 2022

Researcher,

Ni Luh Putu Sumariantini

viii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ i

THESIS APPROVAL ..................................................................................... ii

RATIFICATION ............................................................................................ iii

TESTIMONY OF ORIGINALITY ................................................................ iv

CANDIDATES’ DECLARATION ................................................................. v

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ....................................................................... vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................. vii

LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. xi

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... xii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1.Background of Study.............................................................................1
1.2. Research Questions...............................................................................3
1.3. Research Objectives..............................................................................3
1.4. Significances of Study..........................................................................4
1.5. Scope of Study......................................................................................5
1.6. Definition of Key Terms.......................................................................5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1. English as A Foreign Language............................................................7

2.2. ELT in Indonesia..................................................................................8

2.3. Four Basic Language Skills..................................................................9

2.4. Writing

2.4.1. Definition of Writing................................................................10

2.4.2. The Process in Writing..............................................................11

2.4.3. The Purpose of Writing.............................................................13

2.4.4. Types of Writing.......................................................................15

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 2.5. Descriptive Text

2.5.1. Definition of Descriptive Text........................................................18

2.5.2. Purpose of Descriptive Text...........................................................19

2.5.3. Generic Structure of Descriptive Text............................................20

2.5.4. Language Features of Descriptive Text..........................................21

2.6. Concept Mapping Technique

2.6.1. The Nature of Concept Mapping Technique...................................22

2.6.2. The Advantages of Concept Mapping.............................................25

2.6.3. The Steps of Implementing Concept Mapping...............................26

2.7. Evaluating Descriptive Writing.................................................................27

2.8. Conceptual Frameworks............................................................................30

2.9. Previous Relevant Studies.........................................................................32

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS

3.1. Research Design........................................................................................35

3.2. Research Setting.......................................................................................39

3.3. Research Instrument..................................................................................39

3.4. Data Collection..........................................................................................40

3.5. Sources of Data.........................................................................................40

3.6. Data Analysis............................................................................................40

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1. Findings

4.1.1. The Process of Applying Concept Mapping Technique...........43

4.1.2. The Concept Mapping Technique Could Improve The Students

Writing Skill..........................................................................59

4.2. Research Discussion...........................................................................65

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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1. Conclusion...........................................................................................66

5.2. Suggestion...........................................................................................67

REFERENCES....................................................................................................68

APPENDICES......................................................................................................70

xi
 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendices No. Appendices Title Page No.

1. Interview Guideline 70
2. Students’ Result on Pre-test 72
3. RPP cycle 1 77
4. Students’ Result on Cycle 1 89
5. RPP Cycle 2 94
6. Students’ Result on Cycle 2 106
7. Permission Letter 111

xii
 Improving Students’ Descriptive Writing Skill Through Concept Mapping
Technique (A Classroom Action Research at The First Grade Students of
SMAN 1 Narmada in Academic Year 2022/2023)

Ni Luh Putu Sumariantini

E1D118079

ABSTRACT

This study sought to enhance the students' ability to write descriptively by

using the concept mapping technique in class X MIPA 1 SMAN 1 Narmada
during the academic year 2022/2023. It was an in-class action research project.
This employed both qualitative and quantitative data from two different data
collection methods. The application of the concept mapping technique to enhance
the students' writing abilities was described using the qualitative data. The
information was gathered through field notes taken every day as a consequence of
observation, an interview with an English teacher, and discussions with a
collaborator. The researcher also employed quantitative, numerical data to
complement the qualitative information. Pre-test and post-test were administered
for each cycle to gather this data. The study's findings suggested that the concept
mapping technique could help students in class X MIPA 1 of SMAN 1 Narmada
develop their descriptive writing abilities. They were all able to develop their
thoughts in descriptive words. The academic performance of the students also
improved. It is evident from the pupils' mean scores on the pre- and post-tests for
each cycle. The pre-test had an average score of 5.78. This score falls short of
meeting the minimal completeness standard (KKM). In the meantime, cycle 1's
mean score rose to 6.78. And after putting cycle 2's activities into practice, the
mean score rose to 8.04, surpassing the minimum completeness criteria (KKM).
As a result, the quantitative analysis's findings show that pupils' ability to write
has greatly improved.

Key Words: writing skill, descriptive text, concept mapping

xii
 Improving Students’ Descriptive Writing Skill Through Concept Mapping
Technique (A Classroom Action Research at The First Grade Students of
SMAN 1 Narmada in Academic Year 2022/2023)

Ni Luh Putu Sumariantini

E1D118079

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis

deskriptif siswa dengan menggunakan teknik pemetaan konsep pada siswa kelas
X MIPA 1 SMAN 1 Narmada tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Ini adalah proyek
penelitian tindakan kelas. Ini menggunakan data kualitatif dan kuantitatif dari dua
metode pengumpulan data yang berbeda. Penerapan teknik pemetaan konsep
untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa dijelaskan dengan menggunakan
data kualitatif. Informasi dikumpulkan melalui catatan lapangan yang diambil
setiap hari sebagai hasil observasi, wawancara dengan guru bahasa Inggris, dan
diskusi dengan kolaborator. Peneliti juga menggunakan data numerik dan
kuantitatif untuk melengkapi informasi kualitatif. Pre-test dan post-test diberikan
untuk setiap siklus untuk mengumpulkan data ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa teknik pemetaan konsep dapat membantu siswa kelas X MIPA 1 SMAN 1
Narmada mengembangkan kemampuan menulis deskriptifnya. Mereka semua
mampu mengembangkan pemikiran mereka dalam kata-kata deskriptif. Prestasi
akademik para siswa juga meningkat. Hal ini terlihat dari nilai rata-rata siswa
pada tes awal dan akhir setiap siklusnya. Pre-test memiliki skor rata-rata 5,78.
Nilai tersebut belum memenuhi standar ketuntasan minimal (KKM). Sementara
itu, nilai rata-rata siklus 1 naik menjadi 6,78. Dan setelah melakukan kegiatan
siklus 2, nilai rata-rata naik menjadi 8,04, melebihi kriteria ketuntasan minimal
(KKM). Hasilnya, temuan analisis kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan
menulis siswa telah meningkat pesat.
Kata Kunci: Kemampuan menulis, teks deskripsi, peta konsep.

xiii