Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lighting of
Railway Premises
Synopsis
This document mandates the
minimum safe level of illuminance and
the acceptably safe methods of
providing that illuminance, for facilities
falling within the scope of Railway
Group Standards as defined in
GA/RT6001.
Submitted by
Published by:
Railway Safety
Evergreen House
160 Euston Road
London NW1 2DX
Brian Alston
Controller, Railway Group Standards © Copyright 2002 Railway Safety
Uncontrolled copy from the catalogue dated August 2004
Contents
Section Description Page
Part A
A1 Issue record 2
A2 Implementation of this document 2
A3 Scope of Railway Group Standards 2
A4 Responsibilities 2
A5 Health and safety responsibilities 3
A6 Technical content 3
A7 Supply 3
Part B
B1 Purpose 5
B2 Application and scope of this document 5
B3 Abbreviations 6
B4 Definitions 6
Part C
C1 Illuminance - general 8
C2 Colour and type of light sources 8
C3 Glare 9
C4 Automatic control of lighting 9
C5 Emergency and escape lighting 9
C6 CCTV 9
C7 Station platform lighting 9
C8 Transition from sunlit areas to artificially lit areas at stations and vice versa 10
C9 Tunnel lighting 11
C10 Lighting in signal boxes and control centres 11
C11 Authorised walking routes 12
C12 Sidings and stabling areas 12
C13 Emergency escape routes and exits 12
C14 Navigation and warning lighting 13
C15 The effect of lighting on railway signalling 13
C16 Location of luminaires and columns in proximity to railway lines 13
C17 Lighting columns and masts – mechanical considerations 14
C18 Temporary lighting arrangements 14
C19 Maintenance 14
References
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Part A
A1 Issue record
Issue Date Comments
One October 2002 Original Document
A2 Implementation of
this document
The publication date of this document is 5 October 2002.
A3 Scope of Railway
Group Standards
The overall scope of Railway Group Standards is set out in Appendix A of
GA/RT6001. The specific scope of this document is set out in Part B2.
A4 Responsibilities
Railway Group Standards are mandatory on all members of the Railway Group*
and apply to all relevant activities that fall into the scope of each individual’s
Railway Safety Case. If a contractor performs any of those activities, the
contractor’s obligation in respect of Railway Group Standards is determined by
the terms of the contract between the respective parties. Where a contractor is
a duty holder of a Railway Safety Case then Railway Group Standards apply
directly to the activities described in the Safety Case.
* The Railway Group comprises Railtrack PLC, Railway Safety, and the train
and station operators who hold railway safety cases for operation on or related to
infrastructure controlled by Railtrack PLC.
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A6 Technical content
The technical content of this document has been approved by:
A7 Supply
Controlled and uncontrolled copies of this document may be obtained from the
Industry Safety Liaison Dept, Railway Safety, Evergreen House,
160 Euston Road, London NW1 2DX.
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Part B
B1 Purpose
To mandate the minimum safe level of illuminance and the acceptably safe
methods of providing that illuminance, for facilities falling within the scope of
Railway Group Standards, as defined in GA/RT6001.
B2 Application and
scope of this document
B2.1 To whom the requirements apply
This document contains requirements that are applicable to duty holders of the
following categories of Railway Safety Case:
a) infrastructure controller
b) station operator.
Under the Railways (Safety Case) Regulations 2000, the duty holder at a station
(as defined in those Regulations) is responsible for ensuring that the
requirements of Railway Group Standards are complied with. At a station,
contractual arrangements (including a lease) do not of themselves relieve the
duty holder of his obligations under those Regulations.
Action to bring existing lighting into compliance with the requirements of this
document is not required provided that it was compliant with the previously
applicable standards.
When design commences before 7 December 2002 but the station (or station
alterations) has not yet been brought into service the design shall be reviewed
and, where reasonably practicable, brought into line with the requirements of this
document. Where it is not reasonably practicable to do so, the situation shall be
regularised by means of a non-compliance or derogation (see section B2.2.3).
Action to bring existing lighting into compliance with the requirements of this
document is not required provided it was compliant with the previously applicable
standards.
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B3 Abbreviations
BS
British Standard
CCTV
Closed circuit television
CIBSE
Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers
B4 Definitions
Adaption
The process that takes place as the eye adjusts to the brightness or the colour of
the visual field.
Control Centre
A signalling centre responsible for the control of train movements on Railtrack
infrastructure.
Diversity
The ratio of minimum to maximum illuminance over a specified area.
Glare
The discomfort or impairment of vision experienced when parts of the visual field
are excessively bright in relation to the general surroundings.
Horizontal illuminance
The illuminance falling on a horizontal plane.
Illuminance
The luminous flux density at a surface. The SI unit of illuminance is the lux,
2
which is equal to one lumen per square metre (lm/m ).
Luminance
The measure of brightness of a surface in a given direction. The SI unit of
2
luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m ).
Luminaire
An apparatus which controls the distribution of light given by a lamp or lamps
and which includes all the components necessary for fixing and protecting the
lamps and connecting them to the supply circuit. ‘Luminaire’ has superseded
the term ‘lighting fitting’.
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Luminous flux
The term used to describe the quantity of light emitted by a source, or received
by a surface. The Sl unit of luminous flux is the lumen (lm).
Luminous intensity
A quantity that describes the power of a source, or an illuminated surface, to
emit light in a given direction. The SI unit of luminous intensity is the candela
(cd) equal to one lumen per steradian (lm/sr).
Maintained illuminance
The average illuminance over the reference surface at the worst condition for
maintenance.
Mimic Board
The diagrammatic representation of track and signals that indicate the positions
and movements of trains.
Sign
Any surface (usually in one plane) which has a message to convey to the
viewer.
Station categories
Station Category Examples
A - National hub Birmingham New Street, Glasgow Central, London
Waterloo
B - Regional hub Brighton, Darlington, Watford Junction
C - Important feeder Manchester Oxford Road, Motherwell, Southend
Victoria
D - Medium, staffed Caerphilly, Lichfield Trent Valley, Sydenham
E - Small, staffed Gospel Oak, Llandudno Junction, Lockerbie
F - Small, unstaffed Bishop Auckland, Cromer, Tywyn
Uniformity
The ratio of the minimum to the average illuminance over a specified surface.
Vertical Illuminance
The illuminance falling on a vertical plane.
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Part C
C1 Illuminance -
general
The duty holder shall ensure that the design of lighting installations takes into
account the special requirements of the railway environment, which can be harsh
in terms of deterioration to luminaires and difficult in terms of access to maintain
the equipment.
Lighting designs shall permit simple, safe and effective maintenance, avoiding
as far as practical, the need for special equipment, track possessions, isolations
of electrification equipment, etc.
c) Any type or colour of light source located such that there is potential for
contradiction with the signalling system.
d) Metal halide lamps, unless a means is provided to ensure that the lamp
cannot operate without a separate filter glass in position. This filter glass
shall totally encapsulate the visible part of the lamp (to protect against UV
radiation).
e) Tungsten halogen lamps unless provided with a protective glass cover (to
protect against UV radiation).
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C3 Glare
The effect of glare (disability and discomfort ) from luminaires shall be
considered in the design of an installation by taking into account the mounting
height, spacing, the distribution and luminance of the luminaires and their
position relative to the task area. The effect of glare from natural sources
shall also be taken into account.
C4 Automatic control of
lighting
Where automatic control of lighting is provided to maintain a level of illuminance
the system shall, as a minimum, switch on when the daylight illuminance falls
below the design minimum for that installation.
Consideration of the warm up time for luminaires shall be taken into account
when setting the design minimum for the switch on point of installations that
adopt automatic control of lighting.
C5 Emergency and
escape lighting
Where emergency or escape lighting is provided as a permanent installation (eg
to aid egress from a building, station or tunnel) it shall switch on automatically or
be well signed, quick and easy to switch on manually. The level of illuminance
that the emergency lighting provides shall at least be the design minimum for the
anticipated emergency.
C6 CCTV
Luminaires shall not be positioned within the field of view of a CCTV system if
they would adversely affect the effective operation of the CCTV camera.
C7 Station platform
lighting
All design figures of illuminance quoted are based on the maintained illuminance
levels.
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C8 Transition from
sunlit areas to artificially
lit areas at stations and
vice versa
C8.1
The duty holder shall take actions to ensure that the design of a new station and
the modification/refurbishment of an existing station minimises the creation of
sharp transitions of light by allowing natural light to enter the area for a
reasonable distance to maintain an acceptable level of visual performance
during the adaption process.
C8.2
Specular reflection of the sun on shiny and wet surfaces and into drivers eyes at
the entrance to stations shall be minimised.
C8.3
For any new station, or significant change of illumination in an existing station,
the duty holder shall make a risk assessment. The risk assessment shall
consider the following factors:
d) percentage of the sky in the 20° field of view on the approach to station
platforms, where the 20° is measured from the driver’s line-of-sight in all
directions
Where the risk assessment at the particular station indicates the need,
consideration shall be given to:
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The above list is not exhaustive. Any arrangements adopted shall be reviewed
after implementation to assess their effectiveness.
C9 Tunnel lighting
The infrastructure controller shall evaluate the need for tunnel lighting. Tunnel
lighting may be provided for the following purposes (non exhaustive list):
c) to assist train crews in their orientation and improve their visibility of the
track.
Where the need for tunnel lighting is established, the design of the system shall:
e) take full account of the signal sighting issues, the potential for subjecting
passengers and drivers to stroboscopic effects and the need to maintain a
high level of uniformity to aid adaption
g) consider when and how the lighting shall function; eg permanently switched
on, switched on automatically following an incident or condition, or manually
controlled
Where tunnel lighting has been provided and is safety critical, an alternative
power supply shall be available for that lighting. This may be via an alternative
electrical supply, a standby generator or an emergency backup system of
adequate duration. The alternative supply shall be automatically selected and
made available immediately following a failure of the normal supply. The
installation shall also be designed such that adjacent luminaires are on different
circuits.
The ergonomic and human factors aspects of the design shall take account of
variable lighting on the alertness of safety critical personnel at all times of day
(24 hours).
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The uniformity, in the horizontal axis, shall be equal to or greater than 0.5.
The uniformity, in the vertical and the horizontal planes, shall be equal to or
greater than 0.5.
The route shall be clearly defined and its associated signs shall clearly indicate
the direction to be taken for safety.
The route’s uniformity, in the vertical and the horizontal planes, shall be equal to
or greater than 0.5.
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C14.2
At the first opportunity the duty holder shall ensure that the design identifies
existing or proposed lighting on or adjacent to railway premises which, although
installed for the benefit of another transport system, could adversely affect
railway operational systems. The appropriate authority for the affected transport
system shall be approached to co-ordinate lighting design, such that there is
no adverse effect on the railway operation.
c) where a light source can overpower a signal aspect due to high luminance
Similar problems can arise where hand signals are employed, particularly on
station platforms. In all cases, luminaires shall be positioned so that the driver’s
view is not impaired.
C16 Location of
luminaires and columns
in proximity to railway
lines
C16.1
The position of luminaires and lighting columns shall be designed such that,
when raising/lowering columns, the clearances shall adhere to those given in
GE/RT8029.
C16.2
In both AC and DC electrified line areas the position of luminaires and lighting
columns shall be designed such that when staff are raising/lowering columns or
maintaining them in proximity to live equipment, including return conductors,
clearances in all positions of raising and lowering shall be maintained in
accordance with the GE/RT8025.
C16.3
An earth bond shall be securely connected between the fixed base of a column
and a hinged pole. A flexible conduit shall be provided between the two halves
of a column to prevent cables being damaged when a column is being raised
and lowered.
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C19 Maintenance
Maintenance arrangements shall be in place to ensure that the maintained
illuminance is achieved at all times.
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References
Railway Group Standards and other Railway Group Documents
GA/RT6001 Railway Group Standards Change Procedures
GA/RT6004 Temporary Non-Compliance with Railway Group Standards
GA/RT6006 Derogations from Railway Group Standards
GE/RT8025 Electrical Protective Provisions for Electrified Lines
GE/RT8029 Management of Clearances and Gauging
GI/RT7012 Design Construction and Maintenance of Level Crossings (draft)
GM/TT0118 Driver Only operated Trains – Station Platform Lighting and Electrical Supplies
(to be superseded by GE/RT8060 Technical Requirements of Train Dispatch)
GM/TT0146 Lighting of Railway Premises
Other References
LG1 The Industrial Environment (CIBSE lighting guide)
LG3 The visual environment for display screen use (CIBSE lighting guide)
SRA Code of Practice Trains and Station Services for Disabled Passengers
Further References
GK/RT0037 Signal Positioning and Visibility
BS 5266 Part 1 Emergency Lighting: Code of Practice for the emergency lighting of premises
BS 5489 Road Lighting (Various Parts: guides & codes of practice)
BS EN 60598 British adoption of a European Standard, Luminaires (Parts 1 & 2)
CIE No. 68 Commission Internationale d’Eclairage, Guide to the Lighting of Exterior Working
Areas
CIL Code for Interior Lighting (CIBSE lighting guide)
ISBN 0 7176 0713 5 Railway Safety Principals and Guidance, part 2, section B – Stations
L22 The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations:
Guidance on Regulations
LDG-TB Lighting Design Guide – Transportation Buildings (CIBSE lighting guide
in consultation – expected to be issued 2002)
LG6 The Outdoor Environment (CIBSE lighting guide)
SI 2792 The Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992
SI 2932 The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1992
TM12 Emergency Lighting (CIBSE Technical Memorandum)
The Catalogue of Railway Group Standards and the Railway Group Standards
CD-ROM give the current issue number and status of documents published by
Railway Safety.
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