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a xb yc
d xe y f
a1 x b1 y c1
a3 x b3 y 1
a x b2 y c2
2
a3 x b3 y 1
Three-Dimensional Conformal Coordinate Transformation
The 3 rotation angles can be easily visualized with the use of an intermediate coordinate system
x’y’z’. This system x’y’z’ is parallel to the XYZ system but has its origin at the origin of the xyz
system. The 3 sequential two-dimensional rotations ω, Φ, κ convert coordinates from x’y’z’ to
xyz.
The rotation ω about the x’ axis expressed in matrix form is: 1 1 '
The rotation Φ about the y1 axis expressed in matrix form is: 2 2 1
The rotation κ about the z2 axis expressed in matrix form is: 3 2
The final rotation matrix is 3 21 where:
x' x1 x2
y '
'
1 y1 2 y2
z ' z1 z2
1 0 0 cos 0 sin cos sin 0
1 0 cos sin 2 0 1 0 3 sin cos 0
0 sin cos sin 0 cos 0 0 1
It requires a minimum of 2 control points with known Z-Y and x-y coordinates plus a minimum
of 3 control points with known Z and z coordinates.
If there are more than the minimum number of control points, a least squares solution can be
used. The following linearized equations can be written:
m11 x m21 y m31 z
k
m12 x m22 y m32 z
k
m13 x m23 y m33 z
k
0
k ( m13 x m23 y m33 z )
k (m12 x m22 y m32 z )
k ( sin cos x sin sin y cos z )
k (sin cos cos x sin cos sin y sin sin z )
k ( cos cos cos x cos cos sin y cos sin z )
k ( m21 x m11 y )
k ( m22 x m12 y )
k (m23 x m13 y )