By means of the broad and general acts of directives ---dissolves necessary control education.

Laid down by authorities.

 Does not aim at control over other people`s behavior,

Instead it enhances the control over a common activity,

The degree to which all parties concerned achieve their

Common objective which is making the educational

Process as relevant, effective and individually satisfying as possible.

In the light of the aforementioned conflicting issues, it is evident that the out pros outweigh the
cons. Relatively ,the planner`s role will no longer be to monopolize or control the planning function,but
to allow others to participate in the process. By becoming an activator and providing resources for those
who are doing their planning, he will aid the development of the planning process in all parts of the
system. Thus, participatory planning in education will place the educational planners in a nucleus of
action. For a plan to be truly participatory and reflective of the aspirations and needs of the people, it
must initially involve in its formulation persons/institutions especially those in the local level that are
more directly concerned wih the people`s welfare.

BENEFICIARY AS CHANGE AGENT

Florencio Arica notes that there is need to change the mind-set of policy-makers and leaders,incluig
technocrats and academicians, regarding the role of beneficiaries or clientele in the delivery of services
like education, health,housing, etc. He points out that the traditional approach to the training of senior
government administrator envisions the public manager as an executive unto himself, neglecting the
fundamental fact that the public manager no matter how high the position—is essentiality a public
servant. He is essentially an enabling agent ,the stimulus to enable and to empower the citizenry to
reach their full potential through the efficient and effective mobilization and utilization of all
government resources and the government machinery for the benefit of people.

In effect ,this means that while the public manager stimulates change by being an efficient and
effective enabling or facilitating agent—real change can only take place when the beneficiary or the
people themselves become the change agent,not only the change beneficiary.

The real change agent therefore are the people or beneficiaries of government services. The better
the change agents they are the more abundant the benefits they derive from government delivery of
services.

This concept build upon the principle of BENEFICIARY PARTICIPATION. As practiced by government
agencies and international aid agencies ,beneficiary participation can be categorized into three main
types:

a.BENEFICIARY CONSULTATION b. BENEFICIARY COLLABORATION and c.BENEFICIARY ENTERPRISE…