 The gains in relevance and quality, the additional ---costly because more people will have to

Employ-ability of students : all these benefits likely ---uneconomical because the competence
to accrue from participatory planning would more and special qualifications of
than affect the presumable loss in efficiency. professional planners are not fully utilized

CONFLICT

 Provides an “institutionalized mechanism” for ---involves many people with divergent points
conflict settlement,an outlet for conflicts and of view, conflicting values and rival
controversies. Interests;thus,educational decision-
 Conflict is present everywhere: it brings out into making will be strangled.

the open and attempts to deal with it in a

constructive manners.

 Through consultation,conflict and polarization may be

Avoided by reserving finaldecision in the hands of

Planners.

LOCALISM

 Leads education out of its present emphasis through ---fosters varied whims and ideologies
a variety of innovative educational experiments, true to one setting or locality

Decided upon in different places.

MEDIOCRITY

 Encouranges creativity,ideas and first-hand
experience of local people,rather than an
academic exercise.
 Provides competence through technical
assistance group.
--involves many people who are not formally
qualified, particularly the students themselves
--planners`expertise will be subjected to
Majority rule and unsatisfactory compromises

Thus, planning may fall to mediocrity.

AUTHORITY AND CONTROL

 Holds control over the planning process by -- represents a loss of teachers`own authority.