Activity No.

1: A Close Look at Writing

Directions: Using a graphic organizer, fill in the rays of the sun (words, phrases or
sentences) on what you know about the given subject.

Writing

Based on the ideas presented above, what could be the importance of writing in the life
of a man?
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Activity No. 2: Nice to Meet You, Writing Process

Directions: Fill-in the graphic organizer with the appropriate definitions in each step of
writing.

1. Prewriting

2. Rough
Draft

3. Editing

4. Revising

5. Final draft

6. Publishing
Activity No. 3: A Meet and Greet to Paragraph
Development
 Activity No. 4: The Expository Writing
Expository writing is writing that has a purpose of explaining, informing, or describing. In other words, expository
writing is about providing information to the reader about a particular topic or subject. The purpose of expository
writing differs from creative writing or persuasive writing. The purpose is merely to inform-to provide information.
Steps of Expository Essay Writing
Expository essays need to follow a specific pattern. Here are steps a student needs to take in order to create a substantial
expository essay.
Step 1: Keep the main topic in sight. The topic is expected to be easy enough but try not to make it too general or too
narrow. And if you have a choice of the subject, try something interesting and new. Select a topic which is exciting to read
and avoid those ones that are difficult to write on.
Step 2: Collect the facts, do the background research. In the first place remember to mention the facts from reliable
sources like peer-reviewed journals, books, and newspapers. It is a great idea to use statistics, research findings, chronicles
of previous events and historical facts – everything that will provide your reader with a broad picture of the topic you have
chosen.
Step 3: Define your thesis statement. Try to use this statement in the first paragraph. You may also mention your thesis
statement in the last sentence of your essay. If you put it in your first paragraph, you should dwell on it in greater detail in
subsequent sentences. If you decide to put the statement at the end, make sure the sentences preceding it are logically
connected with one another, and gradually lead the reader to your thesis statement.
Step 4: Group the facts in body paragraphs. Each body paragraph should offer one main idea. Use relevant facts and
figures in each body paragraph. Avoid repeating same facts in different paragraphs.
Step 5: Use transition sentences between paragraphs. You should finish one paragraph logically and then transit into
the next one, making your entire text coherent and logical. If you don’t do this, your essay will lose its flow and structure.
Step 6: Make a conclusion. The conclusion of the essay sums up the essay and reiterates its main thoughts. Try not to
repeat what you mentioned in your introduction to avoid redundancy in your text.

Example of an Expository Writing:

This morning at 9am, a school bus collided with a car at the intersection of Jones and Heard streets. There were no injuries
on the school bus, but medical personnel performed checks on each student and the driver before those students were transported to
their schools. The driver of the car sustained slight, non-life-threatening injuries. He was transported to the local hospital. The accident
is still under investigation at this time.
Advances in science and technology have made the use of "green" energy possible. In places where climate conditions
permit, people are able to use solar energy or wind energy for power. Solar energy is the use of sunlight for energy and power.
Humans are able to harness the energy of the sun by installing solar panels on their homes or businesses. Humans have also found
ways to harness the power of the wind by using wind turbines to capture wind energy. Both of these forms of "green" energy are being
used more and more.
The school science fair was a success again this year! We had 15 teams participating, and they all had amazing projects.
Each team consisted of two students who designed a science experiment to test a hypothesis, created a display of their experiment
and results, and presented their display to the judges. The winners this year are Sarah Jones and Mark Gordon, who hypothesized that
students get into less trouble in the classroom on days when it is sunny outside. The judges were very impressed with their data
collection methods, which included asking teachers to share information on how many students earned stars at the end of each day.
They correlated this information with their own data about the weather-sunny, cloudy, or rainy.
 Activity No. 5: Ink Your Pen!
Directions: Choose a topic that interests you the most and develop a 5-sentence
paragraph about it using any method of expository writing you chose.

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Activity No. 6: The Narrative Writing

*What is a Narrative Writing?
 Narrative writing tells a story. In essays, the narrative writing could also be considered reflection or an exploration of
the author's values told as a story. The author may remember his or her past, or a memorable person or event from
that past, or even observe the present.
 The author may write about:
-An experience or event from his or her past.
-A recent or ongoing experience or event.
-Something that happened to someone else, such as a parent or a grandparent.

*Basic qualities of a narrative writing:

 A narrative essay is a piece of writing that recreates an experience through time.

 Unlike other essays, you may write in the first person (I, me, we) because it is a story about YOU!

 In addition to telling a story, a narrative essay also communicates a main idea or a lesson learned.

*First steps for writing a narrative writing:

 Identify the experience that you want to write about.

 Think about why the experience is significant.

 Spend a good deal of time drafting your recollections about the details of the experience.

 Create an outline of the basic parts of your narrative.

*Writing about the experience:

 Using your outline, describe each part of your narrative.

 Rather than telling your readers what happened, use vivid details and descriptions to actually recreate the
experience for your readers.

 Use descriptive language. This is made possible by using figurative language (similes, metaphors,
personification), sensory words (words using your 5 senses), and vivid words (“the author ‘stood timidly,’ or “my
grandmother looked at me with great concern as if I were the only person in the world that mattered.)

 Don’t tell. Show. It’s not interesting to read about the garage sale. But it is fascinating to see, feel and
experience one. Don’t be greedy on details.

 Think like your readers. Try to remember that the information you present is the only information your readers
have about the experiences.

 Always keep in mind that all of the small and seemingly unimportant details known to you are not necessarily
known to your readers.

*Communicating the significance of the experience:

  A narrative essay begins with an effective attention grabber. Ex: Learning something new can sometimes
be a scary experience.

 Your thesis statement should make clear to the reader the event that the essay will describe. Example: The
day that my father convinced me to conquer my fear of heights by standing on the top of the Empire
State Building was a day that I will never forget and that I will be forever grateful to him for.

 The essay is essentially a story about something that happened. Just like any story that you read, your
narrative essay must have a beginning, middle, and an end. The writer (you) should give detailed descriptions
of the event by giving your reader a clear idea of the people, place, and events so the reader will get clear idea
of how the writer (you) feels about them. Example: The teacher smiled and waited patiently, for which I
was grateful. This type of language makes it clear to the reader the writer’s fears and sense of security
provided by the teacher who helped her get over her fear.

 The final paragraph, the conclusion, should reflect the writer’s new understanding, or the importance of the
event or experience described. For example, the author may conclude that learning to swim has helped him or
her to feel more confident about his or herself in other new situations. Basically, explain how this event or
experience has changed you.

 The essay should be well-organized as any other essay (see format).

 The writing should be lively and interesting by engaging the reader’s interest by adding significant details and
personal observations. Sharing personal thoughts and feelings will invite the reader into the writer’s world and
make them care about the writer’s experiences.

*Revising your narrative essay:

 After spending time away from the draft of your narrative essay, read through the essay and think about
whether the writing effectively recreates the experience for your readers.

 Ask other people to read through the essay and offer their impressions.

 Identify where more details and descriptions are needed.

 Identify and consider removing any information that seems to distract from the focus and main narrative of the
essay.

 Think about whether you've presented information in the most effective order.

*Prompts for your narrative essay:

1. A childhood event. Think of an experience when you learned something for the first time, or when you realized
how important someone was for you.

2. Achieving a goal. Think about a particularly meaningful achievement in your life. This could be something as
seemingly minor as achieving a good grade on a difficult assignment, or this could be something with more long-
lasting effects, like getting the job you desired or getting into the best school to which you applied.

3. A failure. Think about a time when you did not perform as well as you had wanted. Focusing on an experience like
this can result in rewarding reflections about the positive emerging from the negative.
 4. A good or bad deed. Think about a time when you did or did not stand up for yourself or someone else in the face
of adversity or challenge.

5. A change in your life. Think about a time when something significant changed in your life. This could be anything
from a move across town to a major change in a relationship to the birth or death of a loved one.

6. A realization. Think about a time when you experienced a realization. This could be anything from understanding a
complicated math equation to gaining a deeper understanding of a philosophical issue or life situation.

Basic Format of a Narrative Essay

Paragraph #1-The Introduction
1. Begin with an attention grabber that captures your reader’s interest.
Ex: Sometimes it takes something terrible to realize what is important in life.
2. Follow with 2-3 sentences that lead up to your thesis statement.
3. State your thesis statement-this should clearly state the experience or event that you will describe and its significance. Do
not begin telling the details of your story yet.
Example: Although my sister and I have sometimes not seen eye-to-eye at times, it took her being horribly sick
to make me realize how much she truly means to me.
Paragraph #2-4 Body Paragraphs-Your story.
1. Begin each paragraph with a topic sentence. Begin this sentence with a TRANSITION that show the order that the
events occurred (First, Later, In the end, Second, Third, etc.) and the details of your story.
Examples:
The day first began like any other day.
Later that day, my sister began to feel worse and my family and I began to worry.
After a day of much distress, my sister finally began to feel better.
2. This is where you tell your story. Just like any story you read, you need to make sure to have a clear beginning,
middle, and an end. Make sure to describe people and places involved with vivid details.

General guidelines:
A rule familiar to a lot of essay writers is to give one idea per paragraph.
- A story has to follow some logical pattern. Chronological is the easiest one.
- With every new paragraph underline the significance of experience and the universal truth the story brings to the audience.
Use descriptive language. This is made possible by using figurative language (similes, metaphors, personification), sensory
words (use your 5 senses to place your reader where you are) and vivid words (smiled brightly, explained softly).

Paragraph #5: The Conclusion

The Conclusion is just as important as the Introduction; It is the last impression your reader will get of your story.
1. Begin by re-stressing the importance of your thesis. Be careful not to use the same wording.
 Example: Although the day my sister fell ill was a horrible day for my family, it made us all realize how
important we are to each other.
2. Summarize the basic events of your story.
3. Reflect on the larger meaning or importance of the experience described. Basically, what was the point of your
story? Explain the new understanding and why/how this experience or event has a permanent effect on you.
Example: This day may have been horrible, but sometimes it is through the horrible events in life that people
begin to value the best in life.

Examples of Narrative Writing:

Peddling On My Own
Learning how to ride a bike for the first time was a nerve racking independent moment. I was about five years old
when my sister informed me that I was too old to still be riding a bike with training wheels. That was the time I decided not
to depend on them anymore. Even though I had some doubt, my sister and I went outside and started to take the little
wheels off my bike. After my bike went through the transformation, I was now ready for the big moment. With butterflies in
my stomach, I slowly got on the bike, and with my shaky hands, I gripped the handles tightly. Meanwhile my sister was
holding on to me to help keep my balance. I was so afraid the she would let go, yet I was determined to ride this bike on my
own. Next with a little push from her, I started to peddle. The faster my bike went the faster my heart raced. Finally I looked
back nervously and noticed that my sister let go of my bike a long time ago. I was so excited that I accomplished freedom
on my bike that I forgot to peddle. The next step I remember, I was lying on the ground, yet I did not care because of the
adrenaline rush. I will never forget the exhilarating moment and growing up stage of riding a bike without training wheels.
~© Fallon Fauque 2005~

My Most Embarrassing Moment

The most embarrassing moment of my sophomore year was how I earned my nick name, Crash. It all started right
after school when I turned on to the busiest street by the school. First I pulled up right behind this truck at a stop sign. After
a second, a fellow older student told me that I was really close and that I was going to hit the truck in front of me. At the
moment I was trying to tell the kid that I was giving a ride to to get back in the car because he was hanging out the window.
Since I was distracted, I thought the long line of traffic had started to move, but it hadn’t. In the blink of an eye I hit the back
of the truck in front of me. The devastation sunk in. I was so worried that I damaged the truck, but all that I did was scratch
his bumper. Lucky for him! Then it came time to look at my car. My car was ruined. The hood was buckled, the front end
was pushed back, and my headlights were broken. Humiliated and scared, I still had to drive my totaled care home. During
School that year, I never did hear the end of what had happened that day.
~© Tiffany Haggerty~

My Favorite Family Experience

One of my favorite family experiences was when I went to see Anne Frank’s (a Jewish victim of the Nazi
persecution during World War II) hideout in Amsterdam, Holland. I had read Anne’s published diary when I was younger, so
I was extremely thrilled to actually have the chance to see where she and her family hid from the Germans for so many
months. I walked up the stairs of an apartment building and into a room with only a bookshelf in it. From what I remembered
from reading the diary, there was a doorknob behind the books. I found the doorknob and turned it and there was the secret
annex. When I stepped into the room behind the bookshelf, I felt as if I had stepped back into history. I found Anne’s room
still with pictures of her favorite celebrities on her walls. The Frank family’s furniture was still placed where they had left
them in the rooms, everything just as described in the diary. I toured each room in awe of actually seeing how they had
lived, yet with sadness to know how it all ended. Anne’s diary was no longer just a book to me, but true heart-felt, emotional
life story written by a girl I felt I almost knew.
~© Denise Rafferty~
Kaleb likes to Mop
Recently, I held an amusing and memorable conversation with my son, who began kindergarten this year, on the
subject of mopping. My 5 year old son, Kaleb, claimed my Swiffer mop as his own, and he enjoys mopping my kitchen and
hardwood floors. Last summer, while I was watching him eagerly mop my floors, he suddenly exclaimed, “I’m just like a
janitor!” Amused, and somewhat surprised at his thoughtful comparison, I smiled and answered, “Yes, you are like the
school janitor Mr. Bruce.” Immediately, a bright smile came to his face, and he agreed with obvious pride and delight, “Yes, I
am like Mr. Bruce.” Then I told him that maybe someday, when he was a bigger boy like his brother, he could help Mr. Bruce
mop the floors at school. Upon hearing that, he told me excitedly, “I’m going to help Mr. Bruce at school; I could be the one
to mop the hallways”. Meanwhile, Kaleb put his mop away and moved on to his next activity. I assumed he would forget
about our conversation. Later, on the first day of kindergarten, I was listening to Kaleb’s brother help him prepare his
backpack, making sure he had the pencils, erasers, and supplies he needed on his first day of school, when I overheard
Kaleb say earnestly, “Should I take my mop?” My older son and I refrained from laughing so we wouldn’t embarrass him,
and told him gently that no; he wouldn’t be needing his mop today. My heart warmed, and I wished that moments like those
could remain in my heart forever; but sadly, memories fade and little boys grow up. Maybe someday when he is a bigger
boy, Kaleb will help Mr. Bruce mop the school hallways, but in the meanwhile he'll have to be satisfied with helping his Mom
mop floors at home.
~© 2005 Kelly Byron~

Activity No.7: My Narrative Story

Directions: Write a narrative story about a humbling situation that taught you how to be
strong.

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Activity No. 8: The Descriptive Writing

The primary purpose of descriptive writing is to describe a person, place or thing in such a way that a picture is
formed in the reader's mind. Capturing an event through descriptive writing involves paying close attention to the details by
using all of your five senses. Teaching students to write more descriptively will improve their writing by making it more
interesting and engaging to read. A descriptive essay, as the name implies, is a form of essay that describes something. In
this genre, students are assigned the task of describing objects, things, places, experiences, persons, and situations. The
students use sensory information to enable readers to use their five senses of touch, taste, smell, hearing, and sight to
understand the topic of the essay.

Characteristics of descriptive writing

1. Good descriptive writing includes many vivid sensory details that paint a picture and appeals to all of the reader's senses
of sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste when appropriate. Descriptive writing may also paint pictures of the feelings the
person, place or thing invokes in the writer. In the video section below, watch a teacher use a Five Senses Graphic
Organizer as a planning strategy for descriptive writing.

2. Good descriptive writing often makes use of figurative language such as analogies, similes and metaphors to help paint
the picture in the reader's mind.

3. Good descriptive writing uses precise language. General adjectives, nouns, and passive verbs do not have a place in
good descriptive writing. Use specific adjectives and nouns and strong action verbs to give life to the picture you are
painting in the reader's mind.

4. Good descriptive writing is organized. Some ways to organize descriptive writing include: chronological (time), spatial
(location), and order of importance. When describing a person, you might begin with a physical description, followed by how
that person thinks, feels and acts.

Examples of Descriptive Essays in Literature

Example #1: The Corner Store (by Eudora Welty)
 “Our Little Store rose right up from the sidewalk; standing in a street of family houses, it alone hadn’t any yard in
front, any tree or flower bed. It was a plain frame building covered over with brick. Above the door, a little railed porch ran
across on an upstairs level and four windows with shades were looking out. But I didn’t catch on to those. Running in out of
the sun, you met what seemed total obscurity inside. There were almost tangible smells — licorice recently sucked in a
child’s cheek, dill pickle brine1 that had leaked through a paper sack in a fresh trail across the wooden floor, ammonia-
loaded ice that had been hoisted from wet croker sacks and slammed into the icebox with its sweet butter at the door, and
perhaps the smell of still untrapped mice.”
Example #2
Lake Harriet is a great place to swim and relax. In the summer, the water is warm and clean, and the beaches are
large enough to accommodate groups of people seeking relief from a midsummer scorcher. In addition to swimming, visitors
to the lake can go canoeing, sailing, windsurfing, or fishing. The blue water is a refreshing, tempting sight. The sweet scent
of sun block wafts through the air from sunbathers lying on the beach. Children laugh and splash in the water, and nearby
volleyball games stir passionate shouts in the heat of competition. Meanwhile lifeguards sit atop their towers and make sure
everyone is safe. In the distance, sail boats catch the soft breezes that ripple Lake Harriet's surface, and canoeists glide
quietly past. This is what summer is all about

Activity No. 9: Unleashing My Potential

Directions: Write a descriptive paragraph about yourself by answering these questions.
1. How old are you?
2. What do you look like?
3. What kind of clothes do you wear?
4. What kind of job/chores do you do? Do you like it?
5. What are your favorite hobbies? Why do you like them?
6. Where do you live?
7. Do you like living there? Why or why not?
8. What is your ambition in life? Cite your reasons.

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Activity No. 10: The Argumentative Writing

An argumentative essay is a type of essay that presents arguments about both sides of an issue. It could be that
both sides are presented equally balanced, or it could be that one side is presented more forcefully than the other. It all
depends on the writer, and what side he supports the most.
Argumentative essay assignments generally call for extensive research of literature or previously published
material. Argumentative assignments may also require empirical research where the student collects data through
interviews, surveys, observations, or experiments. Detailed research allows the student to learn about the topic and to
understand different points of view regarding the topic so that she/he may choose a position and support it with the
evidence collected during research. Regardless of the amount or type of research involved, argumentative essays must
establish a clear thesis and follow sound reasoning.
The structure of the argumentative essay is held together by the following.

 A clear, concise, and defined thesis statement that occurs in the first paragraph of the essay.

In the first paragraph of an argument essay, students should set the context by reviewing the topic in a general way. Next
the author should explain why the topic is important (exigence) or why readers should care about the issue. Lastly,
students should present the thesis statement. It is essential that this thesis statement be appropriately narrowed to follow
the guidelines set forth in the assignment. If the student does not master this portion of the essay, it will be quite difficult to
compose an effective or persuasive essay.

 Clear and logical transitions between the introduction, body, and conclusion.

Transitions are the mortar that holds the foundation of the essay together. Without logical progression of thought, the reader
is unable to follow the essay’s argument, and the structure will collapse. Transitions should wrap up the idea from the
previous section and introduce the idea that is to follow in the next section.

 Body paragraphs that include evidential support.

Each paragraph should be limited to the discussion of one general idea. This will allow for clarity and direction throughout
the essay. In addition, such conciseness creates an ease of readability for one’s audience. It is important to note that each
paragraph in the body of the essay must have some logical connection to the thesis statement in the opening paragraph.
Some paragraphs will directly support the thesis statement with evidence collected during research. It is also important to
explain how and why the evidence supports the thesis (warrant).
However, argumentative essays should also consider and explain differing points of view regarding the topic. Depending on
the length of the assignment, students should dedicate one or two paragraphs of an argumentative essay to discussing
conflicting opinions on the topic. Rather than explaining how these differing opinions are wrong outright, students should
note how opinions that do not align with their thesis might not be well informed or how they might be out of date.

 Evidential support (whether factual, logical, statistical, or anecdotal).

The argumentative essay requires well-researched, accurate, detailed, and current information to support the thesis
statement and consider other points of view. Some factual, logical, statistical, or anecdotal evidence should support the
thesis. However, students must consider multiple points of view when collecting evidence. As noted in the paragraph above,
a successful and well-rounded argumentative essay will also discuss opinions not aligning with the thesis. It is unethical to
exclude evidence that may not support the thesis. It is not the student’s job to point out how other positions are wrong
outright, but rather to explain how other positions may not be well informed or up to date on the topic.

 A conclusion that does not simply restate the thesis, but readdresses it in light of the evidence
provided.

It is at this point of the essay that students may begin to struggle. This is the portion of the essay that will
leave the most immediate impression on the mind of the reader. Therefore, it must be effective and logical. Do not
introduce any new information into the conclusion; rather, synthesize the information presented in the body of the
essay. Restate why the topic is important, review the main points, and review your thesis. You may also want to
include a short discussion of more research that should be completed in light of your work.

A complete argument
Perhaps it is helpful to think of an essay in terms of a conversation or debate with a classmate. If I were to discuss
the cause of World War II and its current effect on those who lived through the tumultuous time, there would be a beginning,
middle, and end to the conversation. In fact, if I were to end the argument in the middle of my second point, questions would
arise concerning the current effects on those who lived through the conflict. Therefore, the argumentative essay must be
complete, and logically so, leaving no doubt as to its intent or argument.

The five-paragraph essay

A common method for writing an argumentative essay is the five-paragraph approach. This is, however, by no
means the only formula for writing such essays. If it sounds straightforward, that is because it is; in fact, the method consists
of (a) an introductory paragraph (b) three evidentiary body paragraphs that may include discussion of opposing views and
(c) a conclusion.

Longer argumentative essays

Complex issues and detailed research call for complex and detailed essays. Argumentative essays discussing a
number of research sources or empirical research will most certainly be longer than five paragraphs. Authors may have to
discuss the context surrounding the topic, sources of information and their credibility, as well as a number of different
opinions on the issue before concluding the essay. Many of these factors will be determined by the assignment.

Example of an Argumentative Essay:

Example #1: Should Fast Food Come with a Warning like Drugs?
You can get fast food on almost any street nowadays. Fast food and junk food are everywhere you look, and the
world is only creating more fast food shops around the globe. Fast food is more accessible than other food sources; it is
also one of the most popular ways to get dinner. Business workers are ordering in either for lunch or dinner, and this is
usually from fast food places with drive-throughs. Fast food companies use chemicals in their food that aren’t exactly
healthy for the human to consume on a regular basis. So, why should fast food companies be allowed to hide all the
chemicals and ingredients in their foods as well as hide any of the side effects that come with eating that food?

The issue is that fast food isn’t healthy. Healthy foods don’t contain many of the chemicals that fast foods do, they
don’t affect the body in the same way. Healthy foods come from wholesome ingredients and don’t have preservatives or
other pesticides or growth hormones in them. We all know that that’s food ingredients are in exactly healthy, but many of us
failed to read the list of ingredients for our favorite menu items. Because of this many of us lack the billet he to understand
how bad the first food we consume is.

Will you believe that fast food you come with a warning just like any other product you purchased? You want to
know exactly what’s going to happen to your body and you have the right to know that information. It should not be hidden
from you, and it should not be kept away as some company secret. Every person has the right to understand how that food
will affect their body. From then on they can make their choices if they want to eat it or not.

If you’ve looked at documentaries such as the McDonald’s documentary and other fast food documentaries you
probably noticed that fast food as a long-term effect on a human’s health. Fast food isn’t bad as long as you eat it every
once in a while, but many people choose to eat fast food every single day. This is not a healthy way of living and can end up
causing you permanent damage to your body because of the chemicals you were introduced into your body every time you
eat at fast food meal.

There are many of people who don’t want to know what’s in their food. But that’s only a small population. Every
person has a right to know how a product will affect them. Just as you see on labels such as pills, medications, and even
products such as workout equipment for scans. All of these come with a warning on what could go wrong when you’re using
it or consuming it. So why should fast food be any different? Just because a small population of people doesn’t want to
know what’s in their food doesn’t mean that the rest of the population shouldn’t at least have a warning sticker.

As you can see, everyone has the right to know what chemicals and products go onto their food. I don’t know me
that, but they also deserve to know by consuming the fast food what kind of effects they should expect on their body. Many
people think that fast food will only affect their calorie intake for the day, this is not true. Fast food can affect a person’s
Brain, psyche, and body. This is why we believe the fast foods should come with a warning.

Example #2: Should Schools Switch to Electronic Textbooks to Save Money & Paper?
If you noticed many students in college are getting their textbooks from either Amazon or another website which
has their textbook listed online. Real textbooks are made up of multiple hundreds of pages of information, but this
information is being written on paper. Writing A textbook on all paper takes so many pages that it can be harmful to the
environment and cost more money. Which would you rather be using? Would you rather be using a textbook that is online
or a textbook that has been printed into a real book?

The issue here is that it takes so many pieces of paper to write just one textbook. A regular class of college
students has at least 50 to 100 students in that class. If the average textbook takes around 300 to 400 pages or more, you
can see how this can be damaging to the environment and end up costing a lot more money. Some students have a ready
learned that by buying textbooks online through Amazon, Chega, Kindle and other websites you can save almost half the
money you would originally be spending on a real textbook.
 We are advocating for all textbooks to be switched to being electronic textbooks. Not only will the switch help
reduce the cost of textbooks, but it will also be saving the environment by reducing waste and reducing the amount of paper
used. The only concern we have is some teachers refuse to allow their students to use textbooks online instead of real life
textbooks. This is unfair and is only hurting the environment and the student’s wallet. What side would you be on? Do you
support textbooks? Or do you support electronic textbooks?

For every textbook that is bought and in stores you are essentially supporting at least 600 pages on average to be
wasted. Many textbooks can only be used for that year as they are constantly being upgraded to new versions. All the old
tax end up just going in the trash or are recycled, however, if you take a closer look at electronics textbooks they almost
have zero waste and are quite affordable. So, why wouldn’t you want to make the switch? Electronic textbooks give you
instant access to all of the same information, and you can even highlight, search, and bookmark any pages that you would
a normal book.

Many institutions argue that standard textbooks are still the way to go. One of the reasons for this is because many
colleges make their income based off of their textbooks. So it only makes sense that they would want to continue selling
their textbooks to you. But times are changing, and these institutions need to change their mind and want to come to
electronic textbooks. Sure they won’t be making as much money, but they can save money by not shipping those books and
having them in print, or by keeping them in stock in their bookstores. Think about how much money they waste shipping in
all of those textbooks and making sure that they are up to date and have all the information that you need to graduate.

In conclusion, electronic tech books are the better option when it comes to learning. They save the environment
and our eco-friendly. They are less expensive than traditional textbooks. And they do not cost as much money as regular
textbooks. Not only they have all these benefits, but they also give you instant access to all the information you need.
Perform searches, highlight, and copy and paste all the information you need from your textbook into any other document to
write your notes. This is why we believe electronic textbooks are the best way to go when it comes to purchasing textbooks.

Activity No. 11: This is My Standpoint!

Directions: Develop a paragraph of argumentation based on the following topics.
Choose only one.
1. Computers can translate all kinds of languages. Do our students need to learn
them in the future?
2. Will the e-books ever replace the word as the main source of information?
3. In your opinion, what factors contribute to the development of language among
children?
4. Should death penalty be institutionalized in the Philippines?
5. Should SOGIE Bill be passed into Law?

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