JIMMA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF HEALTH

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES

FINAL EXAM FOR MSC ENVIORNMENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM (EnST 604)

OPEN BOOK

Name of student Sali Kelil Feyissa

ID No ___________________
Signature___________________

Submission time: 12:30 pm

Part I Short answer question

1. Make a sketch of a general flow diagram for a conventional secondary wastewater
treatment system with labels (10 pts)

D
B
C

A
E

F
H
G
I

L
 2. Using the sketch you made in Q1, indicate every unit where you expect sludge and
show with arrow how/ where you collect the sludge (5 pts)

Aeration tank Disinfectant

Secondary clarify

Pr/ enfluent Se/ enfluent

Air compraser
Active sludge
Return slud
sludgesludg
e
Return sludge pump

Primary sludge

Sludge treatment $ dispozal

3. Considering the sludge you collected in Q2 above describe the options for currently
accepted management options (5pts)
 A main sewer is the sewer which receives wastewater from the
branch sewers. It is one of the components of a sewerage system of
a city or town
 The sewer conveying wastewater to the treatment plant is known as
outfall Sewer
 Sewers can also be classified on the basis of materials used for
their construction. Various materials are used for sewer
construction and each may be suitable for various Conditions and
etc
4. Given the following micro-organisms, describe their use/ significance in Wastewater
treatment (5 pts)
S.No Micro-organism
1 Pseudomonas
2 Nitorsomonas
3 Zoogloea
4 Bdelovibrio
5 Sphaerotilus
natans
Significance in wastewater
Attacks a wide range of organic compounds. Some
species can reduce NO3- to N2.
Transforms ammonium into nitrite
One of the organisms that through its excessive slime
production helps to form matrix for the floc.
An obligate parasite for other gram negative bacteria,
this organism contributes to the destruction of pathogens
during biological waste treatment.
Causes “bulking sludge”, i.e. sludge that settles badly
- Other filament forming organisms can also have the
same effect.

5. A) What are the factors that affect the quantity of wastewater generation?.
 Erosion
 temprature
 Soil type
 Density of population
 Industrial growth
B) Where do you expect a large volume of volume of excreta (developing and
developed countries?)

Why? (5 pts for both A and B)

6. Sketch a waste stabilization pond label them and indicate the major treatment
objectives in each unit (10 pts)
7. List at least 5 onsite excreta/ liquid waste treatment systems and provide their
applicability (urban/rural; water carriage/dry etc...) advantage and disadvantages. (10
pts)
1. Agricultural irrigation
 The oldest and most common type of effluent reuse
 More than half of the water reuse is through agricultural irrigation
 Food crops need to be irrigated with tertiary effluent
2. Landscape irrigation (Urban reuse)
- It includes irrigation of parks, playgrounds, golf courses, freeway medians,
landscaped areas around commercial, office and industrial developments,
landscaped areas around residences.
3. Industrial reuse
- Cooling
- Process water
- Boiler feed water
- Irrigation and maintenance of plant grounds
4. Recreational impoundments
- Aesthetic, noncontact uses
- Boating and shipping
- Swimming
- Golf course storage ponds
5. Ground water recharge
- Establishment of seawater intrusion barriers
- Provision for further treatment for future reuse
 - Provision for underground storage
- Augmentation of potable and none potable aquifers
- Control or prevention of ground subsidence

Advantages :
-Lack of odour;
-Relatively less water is used up. It is ideal where water is used for
anal‐cleansing;
-Easy to clean;
-Off‐set design does not require a self‐supporting latrine slab.
• Constraints :
-Solid anal‐cleansing materials may cause blockage;
-More expensive than simple pit latrines
Advantages :
-Reduced odour & flies and good results.
Disadvatage
-Difficult and expensive and time consuming to construct properly;
-Dark interior may deter young children from use; does not deter mosquitoes
8. Nitrification involves a two step process to convert Ammonia to nitrate. The of
bacteria that convert Ammonium to nitrite and then nitrite to nitrate are Nitrosomonas
and Nitrobacter

9. Major treatment objectives in Anaerobic pond is ________________, facultative pond

are designed for removal of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and maturation
ponds for pathogen removal

10. In attached growth systems, the media can be either trickling filters or rotating
biological disks

11. How do you know if the sludge in an anaerobic digester is complexly stabilized? (4
pts)
 Sludge can also be stabilized by anaerobic digestion.
 The biochemistry of anaerobic digestion is a staged process:
 solution of organic compounds by extracellular enzymes is followed by the
production of organic acids by a group of anaerobic microorganisms known,
as the acid formers. The organic acids are in turn degraded further by a group
of strict anaerobes called methane formers.
Part II. Matching type of questions: Match the letter of the of the items in column B to the
statements in column A on the space provided before each question (1 pt each)
Column A Column B
_C____ 1. Indicator of good sludge quality A. Aspergillus
_J____ 2. Sludge digestion B. Bulking of sludge
__H___ 3. Attached growth system C. Vorticella
__F___ 4. High organic loading at initial part of tank D. Cyano bacteria
__A__ 5. Production of aflatoxin E. Monod equation
__I__ 6. Effluent re-purification F. Plug flow reactor
__D___ 7. N2 fixation G. SBR
__G___ 8. Operates in time, not in space sequence H. Fixed film
__B___ 9. Filamentous fungi I. Microfiltration
__E___ 10. Describe microbial growth kinetics J. Stabilization
K. Grey color

Part III Work out question

1. A wastewater sample having an initial DO of 7 mg/L was incubated for five days and
finally the DO dropped to 2 mg/L. If the reaction rate constant (k) is 0.31 d-1 and
dilution factor is0.040.
A) Calculate the 5 day BOD (2pts)
B) Calculate the Ultimate BOD (2pts)
C) What additional amount of Oxygen would be needed after 5 days? (1pt)

Answer
Solution:
Given: P=0.04
DOi=7.0mg/L
DOf=2mg/L
K=0.31d-1
Then, a) Oxygen demand for first 5 days
BOD5 = (DOi – Dof)
P
= (7.0 – 2.0)
 0.04
= 125 mg/L
BOD5=125 mg/L

b)Ultimate BOD
BODu = Lo = BODt
(1 – e-kt)
= 125
(1 – e-0.22 x 5)
Lo = 160 mg/L

c) After 5 days, 125 mg/L of oxygen demand out of total 160 mg/L would be
satisfied.
Hence, the remaining oxygen demand would be
160 – 125 = 35 mg/L
Therefore, the remaining oxygen demand after five days =35mg/L

Good luck
November 2019-11-16