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1. A batch of resistor that each have nominal resistance of 300Ω are to be tested and classified as
±5% and ±10% components.
a. Calculate the maximum and minimum absolute resistance for each case.
b. These resistors are specified at 25 degrees Celsius, and their temperature coefficient is -
300pppm/0C. Calculate the maximum and minimum resistance for these components at
1000C.
c. Three resistor are connected in series. One has ±5% tolerance, and other two are ±10%.
Calculate the maximum and minimum values of total resistance.
2. A dc power supply provides currents to four electronic circuits. The currents are 37mA, 42mA,
13mA, and 6.7mA. The first two are measured as with ±3%, and other two are measured with
±1% accuracy. Determine the maximum and minimum levels of the total supply current.
3. Two currents from different sources flow in opposite directions through a resistor. I1 is
measured as 79mA on a 100mA analog instrument with an accuracy of ±3% full scale. I2
determine as 31mA, is measured on a digital instrument with a ±100µA accuracy. Calculate the
maximum and minimum levels of the current in R1.
4. The voltages at opposite ends of 470Ω, ±5% resistor are measured as V1=12V and V2=5V. the
measuring accuracies are ±0.5V for V1 and ±2% for V2.
a. Calculate the level of current in the resistor, and specify its accuracy.
b. Calculate the maximum and minimum power dissipation in the resistor.
5. A resistor R1 has a potential difference of 25V across its terminals, and current of 63mA. The
voltage is measured on a 30V analog instrument with an accuracy of ±5% of full scale. The
current is measured on a digital instrument with a ±1mA accuracy.
a. Calculate the resistance of R1 and specify its tolerance.
b. Determine the maximum and minimum power dissipation in the resistor.
6. A 470Ω, ±10% resistor has a potential difference of 12V across its terminal. If the voltage is
measured with an accuracy of ±6%, determine the power dissipation in the resistor, and specify
the accuracy of the result.
7. The output voltage from a precision 12V power supply, monitored at intervals over a period of
time, produced the following readings: V1=12.001V, V2=11.999V, V3=11.998V, V4=12.003V,
V5=12.002V, V6=11.997V, V7=12.002V, V8=12.003V, V9=11.998V and V10=11.997V. Calculate
the average voltage level, the mean deviation, the standard deviation, and the probable error in
the measured voltage at any time.
8. Successive measurements of the temperature of liquid I degree Celsius over a period of time
produced the following data: T1= 25.05, T2=25.02, T3=25.03, T4=25.07, T5=25.55, T6=25.06,
T7=25.04, T8=25.05, T9=25.07, T10=25.03, T11=25.02, T12=25.04, T13=25.02, T14=25.03 and
T5=25.05. determine the average temperature, the mean deviation from average, the standard
deviation, and the probable measurement error.
9. The current through a resistor is 1.5A, but measurement yield a value of 1.46A. Compute the
absolute error and the percentage of error of the measurement.
10. The value of a resistor is 2kΩ; however, measurement yields a value of 1.93kΩ. Compute:
a. The relative accuracy of the measurement.
b. The percent accuracy of the measurement.
11. If the average of a set of voltage readings is 30.15V. Compute the precision of one of the
readings that was equal to 29.9V.
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12. The output voltage of an amplifier was measured by six different students using the same
oscilloscope with the following results, 20.20V, 19.90V, 20.05V, 20.10V, 19.85V, 20.00V. which is
the most precise measurement?
13. Two resistor were selected from a supply of 2200±10% resistor.
a. Assume both resistors are 2200±0%Ω and compute the expected resistance of the
parallel combination.
b. Assume both resistors are 2200+10%Ω and compute the expected value of the parallel
combination. What is the percent error when compared to results of part a?
c. Assume both resistors are 220-10%Ωand compute the expected value of the parallel
combination. What is the percent error when compared to the results of part a?
14. Three resistors, to be connected is series, were selected from a supply of 470,000±10%Ω
resistors.
a. If all three resistors are 470,000±0%, what is the expected value of the series
combination?
b. If all three resistors are 470,000+10%Ω, what is the expected value of the combination?
What is expected value of the combination? What is percent error when compared to
the results of part a?
c. If all three resistors are 470,000-10%Ω, what is the expected value of the combination?
What is expected value of the combination? What is percent error when compared to
the results of part a?
15. A 160 ±pF capacitor, an inductor of 160±µH, and a resistor of 1200±10%Ω are connected in
series.
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a. If all three components are ±0%, and 𝑓𝑟 = 𝜋√𝐿𝐶, compute the expected resonant
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frequency of the combination.
b. If all three components are +10%, compute the expected resonance frequency of the
combination and the percent error when compared to the results of part a.
c. If all three components are -10%, compute the expected resonance frequency of the
combination and the percent error when compared to the results of part a.
16. Three resistors of 3300±10%Ω resistance are selected for use in a circuit. Two of the resistor are
connected in parallel, and this parallel combination is then connected series with third resistor.
a. Calculate the resistance of the combination if all three resistors are 3300±0%kΩ.
b. Calculate the resistance of the combination and the combination’s maximum
percentage of error when compared to part a.
17. A 150±10%Ω resistor is connected to the terminals of a power supply operating at 200±0Vdc.
What range of current would flow if the resistor varies over the range of ±10% of its expected
value? What is the range of error in the current?
18. The diameter of a copper conductor varies over its length as shown in the following table.
a. Calculate the precision of each measurement.
b. Calculate the average precision.

Reading No. Diameter (mm)

1 2.21
2 2.18
3 2.20
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4 2.21
5 2.17
6 2.19

19. A voltmeter is accurate to 98% of its full-scale reading.

a. If a voltmeter reads 175V on the 300-V range, what is the absolute error of the reading?
b. What is the percentage of error of the reading in part a?
20. Eight resistor having a color-coded value of 5.6kΩ were measured and found to have the
following values. Determine the standard deviation of the batch.
Resistor No. Value (kΩ)
1 5.75
2 5.60
3 5.65
4 5.50
5 5.70
6 5.55
7 5.80
8 5.55

21. A circuit was tuned for resonance by eight different students, and the following values for the
resonant frequency of the circuit were recorded. Compute the arithmetic mean, the average
deviation, and the standard deviation for the readings.
Reading No. Resonant Frequency (kHz)
1 532
2 548
3 543
4 535
5 546
6 531
7 543
8 536

22. The current through a resistor is 3.0A, but measurement gives a value of 2.9A. calculate the
absolute error and %error of the measurement.
23. The current through a resistor is 2.5A, but measurement yields a value of 2.45A. calculate the
absolute error and %error of the measurement.
24. The value of a resistor is 4.7kΩ while measurement yields a value of 4.63kΩ. Calculate
a. The relative accuracy
b. %accuracy
25. The value of a resistor is 5.6kΩ while measurement yields a value of 5.54kΩ. Calculate
a. The relative accuracy
b. %accuracy
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26. The output voltage of an amplifier was measured at eight different intervals using the same
digital voltmeter with the following results: 20.00, 19.80, 19.85, 20.05, 20.10, 19.90, 20.25,
19.95. Which is most precise measurement?
27. A 270Ω ±10% resistance is connected to a power supply source operating at 300 Vdc. What
range of current would flow if the resistor varied over the range of ±10% of its expected value?
What range of error in the current?
28. A voltmeter is accurate to 98% of its full scale reading.
a. If a voltmeter reads 200V on 500V range, what is the absolute error?
b. What is the percentage error reading of part a?
29. The expected value of voltage across a resistor is 100V. However, the voltmeter reads a value of
99V. Calculate
a. Absolute error
b. %error
c. Relative error
d. %accuracy
30. A PMMC instrument with 250µA FSD has a specified accuracy of ±2%. Calculate the
measurement accuracy at currents of
a. 200µA
b. 100µA
31. A deflection instrument with 100µA FSD has a ±3% specified accuracy. Calculate the possible
error when the meter indication is
a. 50µA
b. 10µA
32. A 25µA current is measured on an instrument with 37.5µA FSD. If the measurement is to be
accurate to within ±5%, determine the required instrument accuracy.