Entrepreneuring has never achieved a breakthrough as the key concept that could elucidate the

inherently process-oriented character of entrepreneurship, but it may be able to serve as the

conceptual attractor to accommodate the increasing interest in process theories within a creative
process view. This paper considers whether this is possible. In addition to equilibrium-based
understandings of the entrepreneurial process, this paper tentatively reconstructs the creative
process view by distinguishing between a range of relevant perspectives: from those on
complexity and chaos theory, to the interpretive and phenomenological, social constructionist,
pragmatic and practice-based, to the relational materialist. Taking entrepreneuring as an open-
ended concept to use in theoretical experimentation, the review documents the potential for the
concept to develop new meanings and to attach itself to a series of concepts such as recursivity,
enactment, disclosure, narration, discourse, dramatization, dialogicality, effectuation, social
practice, translation and assemblage. It is argued that the very act of theorizing about the
concept of ?entrepreneuring? indicates a move from methodological individualism to a relational
turn in entrepreneurship studies, one that inscribes entrepreneurship into a social ontology of
becoming.

International entrepreneurship literature has indicated that entrepreneurs often increase

international activities along unexpected lines of reasoning without having a precise goal,
resulting in “unplanned” internationalization. We argue that “unplanned” internationalization
does not necessarily involve non-logical decisions; but, entrepreneurs can follow an effectual
rather than causal logic and may base their decisions on the affordable loss principle rather than
on the maximization of expected returns. Based on five case-studies, we discuss the implication of
effectual decision-making on the internationalization process. We find that switching from causal
to effectual logic allows firms to rapidly increase the level of commitment in the foreign market
and could assist in overcoming liabilities of outsidership and, therefore, successfully increase the
level of commitment in the foreign market.

Investigating the factors that influence venture capital decision-making has a long tradition in
the management and entrepreneurship literatures. However, few studies have considered the
factors that might bias an investment decision in a way that is idiosyncratic to a given investor–
entrepreneur dyad. We do so in this study. Specifically, we build from the literature on the
‘similarity effect’ to investigate the extent to which decision-making process similarity (shared
between the investor and the entrepreneur) might bias or otherwise impact the investor’s
evaluation of a new venture investment opportunity. Our findings suggest venture capitalists
evaluate more favourably opportunities represented by entrepreneurs who ‘think’ in ways
similar to their own. Moreover, in the presence of decision-making process similarity, the impacts
of other factors that inform the investment decision actually change in counter-intuitive ways.