PHILOSOPHY Medieval Era

UNIT III Theodicy – core of medieval philosophy.

Lesson VII
- Studies proof on the existence on
Soul God.

- Essence of a person (i.e. passion, St. Augustine –

ideas – non material)
- Heart of the body St. Thomas Aquinas –
- Immortal
- Similar to spirit until in Medieval Era
Modern Era
Body

- Place or home of every being Rene Descartes

John Locke
Spirit George Berkeley

- Spark of light, living force of the Christian View vs. Medieval Era – to care
body for the physical body is to take care of the
- Reason why we are living and soul.
moving around

Ancient Era UNIT IV

Socrates – know thyself Biotic

Plato
- “Man is his soul”
- 3 Degrees: Rational, Passion, and
Apetitive
- All we do is for the soul
- 2 Planes – Ideas (Higher Plane),
and Material (Lower Plane)
Abiotic
Environmental Determinism – climatic
determinism or geographical determinism.
- Human social development is
predisposed to his surroundings.
UNIT V

Aristotle
- “Man is the whole of his body and
soul”
- “Ability to intellect and wisdom” to
develop soul
- Man must be able to use this
intellect which other animals
possess less.
- 2 Planes – Material (Higher Plane),
Abstract (Lower Plane
- Hylemorphism – form of an object
was not some kind of abstract idea.
Freedom
- Is rooted in reason/intellect and will
 Will – describes the faculty of
mind that is alleged to stimulate
motivation of purposeful activity
 Intellect – faculty of reasoning
and understanding objectively.
- Performing deliberate actions
 Deliberate - intentional = 1) done
consciously 2) done on purpose
3)implies full consciousness of
the nature of one’s act.
 - Freedom is not licentiousness
 Licentiousness – disregard for
strict rules (M.W) / doing
anything you want without
restraint.
Types of Freedom
1. Political Freedom – freedom from
foreign domination.
2. Freedom of Religion – that an
individual is free to practice, profess
or propagate, any religious rites
according to his religion. / That he is
free to practice any religion he
wants, and also free from the
religion he chose- meaning his
religion does not dictate his life.
3. Individual Freedom – freedom of an
individual to be able to express
himself, and be unique. / freedom
necessary for an individual to
improve and develop himself.
4. Economic Freedom – allows an
individual to buy and sell products.
5. Academic Freedom – The freedom
of students and teachers to study,
teach and pursue knowledge and
research without unreasonable
interference or restriction from law,
institutional regulations, or public
pressure.
Schools of Thought
1. Determinism – nothing is without a
cause. / most commonly found in
Christianity
2. Fatalism – humans have no control
over their future, and everything is
according to fate.
3. Compatibilism – the ability to choose
among many options.
4. Indeterminism – free acts are
unpredictable, follows no pattern /
spontaneity.
5. Libertarianism – our choices define
ourselves.
6. Existentialism
LESSON 11
Society – large group of people who live
together in an organized way. / a) Society
as a group of people (homogeneity or must
possess a commonality) b) Society living in
an organized way c) Society with bound
space or territory
Theories and Concepts
1. The Platonic Perspectives – a
society in order to discover the
meaning of justice. / i.e. King,
Soldiers, Peasants
2. The Social Evolutionist Perspective
– i.e. Theory of Evolution and Same
Sex Marriage.
3. Social Contract Theorists
a. Thomas Hobbes – “man finds
nothing but fried in the company
of his fellows” / i.e. the enemy of
my enemy is my friend.
b. John Locke –
c. Jean Jacques Rousseau – man
in the state of nature is a noble
savage.
4. Structural Functionalist Perspective
– society continues to exist in the
context of its function. / i.e. culture,
traditions, norms.
Functions of Society
1. Socialization
2. Moralization
3. Economization
Types of Society

1. The Foragers
2. The Horticulturalist
3. The Pastoralists
4. Agriculturalist
5. Industrialist

Social Construction Theory

Nurture vs. Nature

Nature vs. Nurture – the nature approach

The Bell Curve

Context and Intelligence
Culture-Based Knowedge

LESSON 14

Mass Media

Theories

1. Limited-Effects Theory –
Accessibility

2. Class-dominant Theory – The higher

power can control which news is put
on or subtracted

3. The Culturalist Theory

Political Parties

1. Capitalism
2. Socialism
3. Communism
4. Marxism
5. Totalitarianism