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MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering
HYDRAULICS LABORATORY

Student No.: Poos 1o491 Z

Course & Section: CE140-1P /ro4 Group No.:---=------

Experiment No. _2_

Meo S1.,1rernent of Densit,·es and -Sp eci'f,'c 6rav ,ty

TITLE

Date Performed: September 4. 2019

Date Submitted: September- 11, 2019 GRADE

Engr- Cn'-s Edvvord IVlof"jordin

Instructor

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 MYORAULiCtl D~P.ARTMt:NY
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~ame:j DoL OJ AN , Mar::1 Ela,ne .s · I

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Subje~ &Section: CE140-1P /64 ·- - 9/04 /201q I ! I
Date Perforf ed: I i ·.1
ted:: q /1'2/ 20HJ I
Ir struf or: Eh9r- Cr,,·1$ Edward Mo~lard,·n Da~ Submi
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EXPERIMENT NO. 2
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MEASUREMENT OF DENSITIES AND SPECIF C GRAVITIES
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MENT A: Determining Specific Gravity Usirg a Hy ~omrter
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' j od e densities and specific gravities using a hydro eter I
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UJnive al hydrometer
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4 off ydrometer Jars
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HYOP.OM !'!iE R JA R
-g";1A1NmG 1.. 1ah10

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LABORATORY
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PROCEDURE:.. I
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METHOD:
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\"'" (a) r\\\ one hydrometer jar wi-c\, sufficient water to ftoat the hydrometer
_':~i<:. and check that the scale ri'.?.:kinq correspondi'pg to. depth of immersion
i.·J.t ·· , reads 1.00 \
·. j_' . \' · (b) Fi\\ three hydrometer jars v, h:h thE: liquids to1be tested with sufficient
\l '1,. \ , \ of the liquids to float the hydrcrricter and no~ for each liquid the scale '

1.r 1\\ \ \ ,
1 reading. \ .
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tjt-- 1\\ · \
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1 NOTE~ It is suggested that the liquids should be.those to be l!ISed in Experiment 2 i \

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icit \' \ \ \ for determining the viscosity ot :\qu'.ds: an enginf oi\,1glycerol, and castor
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:1rif.,"r.'~\\\\\ '· \\ '\"i oil. \ I \

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>\\\ \ \ RESU TS: \ II .

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it~1:1H\ \\ ~ rom tr\c Pressure _ _ mm ofHg \ '\ 1·.

ti-. ,~\\, I\ · I \
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4\;· :\~ \ i '., "femp rature 23 °C \

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Liquid Scale Readh-19 :: Spech1c GJavity, S
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H: t
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\ Water 1-o O
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l \ ' 01~s e t ·
Kero.serle l O,lB
o.q,z
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Since \ dens1'ty of 1·1gu1'd = Q
s= (Eqn 1)
'\ . :, 1
-r. 1 ~ 1 \ density of water Pw i
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- Is·Pw '
;.- ; ." \ 1
\ gm 1 6 3 kg
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A ·
nd P'' = - = -x
w ml 10 3
lO = 10 - .
m'
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Liquid
Water
_gm/ml
1- 00
kq/m3
1 , 000
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EXP.ERIMENT a: Determining Specific Gnvit" 1'--/n,J '.? 1J~T1..!l~e Ma;-,omete;-
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A manometer is a tube usually bent in a form of a u, contai ing of known specific

ravit:yl, the surface of which moves propcrtionally to chang s of pressure. It is used
t , me~sure pressure.

he th~ e types of manometer are open type, differential pe and piezometer. The
open type manometer has an atmospheric surface in one l~g and is capable of
~ easu ing gage pressures. A differential type manometer i without an atmospheric
~~rfac and capable of measuring only differences of press re. A piezometer is the
~jmple form of open manometer. It is a tube tapped into wall of a container on
cpndui for the purpose of measuring pressure. The fluid in the container or conduit
rises i this tube to form a free surface.

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Tio be . ble to get the specific gravity cf tile kercserie using the :iianometer. 'I
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Mano J eter

h.aoRA TORY PROCEDIJ.'?.E:

1. ~et up the manometer. .• · -.:

2. Place water to the tube.

3. Place kerosene after you places the water.
4. Record the reading of the pressure heaci. ·
s. !Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the succeeding tria:.
6. !Solve for the specific gravity.
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REPdRT; I •

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1. What is the use of manometer?!
2. Differentiate the three types of manomec2t. . . ~
, 3. Given the height of the fluid coll,;rnn, h;-= 20m, f!•, 1d density, p::: Skg/ m-'.
,Calculate the manometer pressure.

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- - - ---- - --------- -- - - - -· -
t=- FINAL DATA SHEET-- -
f- DATE: Septe~ 4 , 2019
NA!'-1E · Mart Elo ,ne s.
l-- DO L OJAN,

SUBJECT & Sl:::CTION ;;.-·:=

SEAT NO. - -- -
· =AO~-~
::.: - W~ -J=E__±f::~M
= -==========
--· - __ __GRQUP. NQ ._ _3.:::....--- - - --

1 EXPERIMEN7"NO. 2
i MEASUREMENT OF DENSITIES AND SPECIFIC GRAVITIES

I , D- D,esel , K - Kero -s ene , C - Coo l-..,n c,

GROUP
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TRIAL
NO.
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YH,o
(kN/ m3)
0 ,1

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hw
(~)
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hk
(m)
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Sw I
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sk
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1-~~---L.
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9 B1

q 01 .
-
/ 0 - 181

--, ----- ---·- -·-

/___~ _2_10
- _ _l_ C _ .. ____ 9 8! _ _ /--~~2~_4__ ___ - - ~ :__2~1- __ _,_ ___ o~-- ··- · 1_ _ -- ~ ~~04 __ _- -;
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v

0·
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o . fc.54 ____ _
o . ,eqS

t --- --- -- -- 1 o q,a1 f o-205____

0 -208 - - - ~ oo ______L_ J ·_ 'a_~-~- ______ /
2 -- - 21,;-- --9 -s -1 -- _ ~~ ?~~ __ _ __ o. 2e~ ______ 1_ oo ___ c .7_q3 _______ I ! ___
-c-:-_ s~.=-.J -
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3
1 o
2 "
L..s
q.e,
q e1- -
- o 219
0 . 090
0 . 135
o a1s
c, . 1"'5
o . ·1~0 - .
1-eo _ _ __ ' _ o-'o'ob_ ___ /
1 . oo
1-
o-as1 {
oo- --- -- - --o-1q4 _____.
- ---·--- j... · - - · -- - - ---- - - - -- · - - - - -- - --- - - ---,

- ----- --
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3 C
: ~ - - -99
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0 - 105 0 -115

~-; :~
1.oo
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0 - 913 '

C
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1 o
_ _2 K
3 C

-- __
9 - ~1
9 -81
Cf -e1 ___ _
0 .1 91
0 -13B
o.1e?
0 . 1 91
0 - 1~3
-~ - 22.s
1-00
1.00 =7
1 .0:0-- -- ·
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0
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o -<oo
91

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q 81 0 24a - - --- ·· - - - -- - - ----- - -
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5. . ..'_:., .:;__: .

~; ~-; ~:.~--~-~1./1:·... 1-/.·-·.";·:_

._.:.\')/;y '\

_ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ ;__..:c__:..:...;=:.:
·-=··· --- -- - - -·· -•- . -

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·-- - - --·- - ·· i ;:;. ~- •
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....., .. _,..;, ---1 ~oG--·-·-- ·-- · ------O··.lo3"9 -·· ··-
6 2 K 9 -01 0 -204 0 : 2-55 1 - oo 0 - 705

3 C 9 -'()1 0 - 10.5 0 - 145 1 - oO 0 . 913

True Value:

Average Sk:

Percent .OE Error:

. - · - - - - -- - --- - - - ·· --< -• - · - -·~ • ------ - ... - - ·- · · · · "'-

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f

. -- ·-·-·- ------------ ,, . -- -~-- ·.

11 ·----. ,:__ '

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Materials used:
1.00o

UOo HYDROMETER • \-\~drorntter \S an

l,2oo

uoo \ns,rumen, used ~o measure ;he -spe-

t.ljOO ci-fic 9rovi1~ or re\atwe densi11 01
\·,quids. l\'ldrorneie.r s are usu a\\ y
made of g\oss and consists of
. a Dj\indr,ca\ stem arid a bu\ b
wei9n1ed wi1n .a heovy motena\ 10
maKe n f\oa, upright.
U-\UBE M~NOME1ER
measures the oifference rn air O(
\iquid pressure b~ compor,ng \t
lo an ou\s,de source.
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GRI\DUA1EO CYLINDER• used to
hold \he \iqu,d 10 be measured...

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 Sample Comp..t to+,on :
A. Defer-m,'0ing Spec,•fic 6ravi"fy <AS1n9 q l-lydrome+er

fL . _ Sfw ; fw:: 1. OCXJ k9 lrn{j

fo,ese/ , 0-86 ( 1,CXX) k.9/l'h~) {

., / •·· ~~iesel _: 880 k9!rn~ /

B. Defer-m ine Speei"fic Grav ity lAsi'n9 a U- tube . MonofYleter

For o ;e&el = f P=O

~L"' dwhl\l - q.a1 kt-J/rn3(o.oqo)

~ - (0 -105)

.-. l\"1, • 8. 41 /..N /ms

SG :e. '61..lo'r,); 8-41 kN/rri?> I CJ-B1 kN /m 3

r.·. SG = o.857 /

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· INTRODUCTION:
Densit1 i'5 o ph~'3i° cal property of mq tter -fhoi
e)(presses a relo tion-ship of mQo\S to vo/u rne. The more

ma-s-s on otuect contQ,n,s r'n o ._gi'ven 1Space , 1he rnore

det)Se ,t. 10.

Speci_fic Grav;ty , ol\So ca/led relative .den-s,ly, ,·s
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1he rqtio cf -fhe den13;ty of a .sub6tqnce io that of o

oton dQrd .substance.

Both den.si+y and .spe c,'f, c grQvi° ty of : o moteri"QI rem-

ains the same V1J1thout regard to hoV\J rriuch of tf1ot fYlater,·cl)

,-s pre'5ent . There fore , they ore i'ntensive property.

1he usual ·6tandard of cornpcir i'son for liqw'd 1-s v\Joter,

v-ihich has a den1Sity of 1, OCO kg/ rn 3 .

Bvoyqncy 16 rntimci te lt reloted ro \Spec,·f,c grav,t'{

and density · If a oub<Stonce hoG 1Spe6f1 c grav ity 1ess +hon

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+hot of flu i'd , tt will f loat on thcd flu i ct -
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A"1on9 1he devices U6e to rneo,sure spe6fi'c grovd8, I
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h'ldrometer and \J - t\Jbe rno()orne..ter ,·\$ UE;ed i'n +hi~ ·

e,,<perrmen+ .
OBJECi\VE;
Tne objec1ive of lhis e'Y-perimen\ is to
ob1ain the specific grovi1y or fluids spec1fi-
ca11y diesel . kerosene ana cooking oil using
hyctrome1er ond trianorne1er ano 10 see 1he
Te\a\ionsh1\l density and specific gravi1y

CONCLUSION

In th is ey, pen rneni , specific gra\J i-

fas of three -f\uios • diesel Kerosene and
cooking oil were success fu\\~ . oO\ai ned di re-
c1 \y and inctir ec\\~ 1..1slng h~drome\ er and
manometer respeCii\le\y llsin9 %nome\tr, jusl
ge\ \ne he(g\11 ot 1he \"\qu"ic\ · and wa1er and
use 1he summa-tioo of pressure ,o get H- ·
qu·id 's s 9ecif ic \i\1eigh;.
The re\a1icmship 01 specitic 9t0'i ii\}
and densit~ 'NUS found. 1o 9et 1nt s~ec,·t\c -
gravi,y of f\u\d us,f\9 densi1~ ju st ge, .
·1ne ra~io of f\u,d densi1~ . D\Jer deriS\1'/
of \Na\er. \f the 1Speci1ic grovit"} of tY\e
\,quid is grea1er ·than one, i1 rneons ,1 ,-s
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I denser thqn wo1er and \nee Vet\SC\
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\\ is seen thai specific gravity and
I density of a fluid is cons1an1 In .s1andard
concli1ions regard \Qss of ihe amount of the
subs\ance lherefore ii is an in1rinsic pro-
~er\y and can be ucsed 10 iden1ify un Known
~ubsta-nce.

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 APPL! CA1tONS TO EN61t-JE£RING :

Spe.cd'ic Grav,t)' ha-s rnon-1 ether appf,cations :

gernolo9 1-st13 use rt to d, -s tingui'5h 1S1rnilor gems ·, chetni·s t,

io check on t he progre-ss of reachons and the progre,ss

of reoe,fton.s • ond auto rnechon;cs

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fo ie-st bqtter-'{ flu,d

cmd anh - freeze . It 1-s also the bas, s of method ihrou9h -

out h 1-& tor1 io Concen1rote ores .

Jn Civ;I Er\91neer1ri9 . specific grovit)' of ihe ..sorl

helps you to find ou ➔ ihe den-sdy . poro\Sd'/ , vo,d rai10 and

degree of \S01urahori . All ihe'5e f()cfors help ,n delerfY11n1n9

.~he 9uolit'( of soil , l"-Jhe ther ,t ,s good to be used for

con.struc11on purposes or not .

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