Work, Energy & Power 2016

4.1: Describe work, energy, power and efficiency

Enabling Objectives

 Explain work
- Define work and state the SI units
- Solve problems involving work

 When the application of a force produces motion, work is said to be done

 Work done by a force is

W = force (N) x distance moved in the direction of the force (m)
=Fs

 The SI unit of work is joule (J)

Work Example:
Find the work done when a force of 50 N moves an object through a distance of

a) 2.0 m b) 40 cm c) 2.0 km

Enabling Objectives

 Explain energy
- Define energy and list types of energy
- State the law of energy conservation
- Give example of energy conversion
- Solve problems related to potential and kinetic energy

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 Work, Energy & Power 2016
 Energy is the capacity to do work
Energy  The SI unit of energy is joule (J)
Forms of Energy  Energy can be in the form of:

Kinetic energy: energy of a body possesses due to its motion

Kinetic Energy
Example
Calculate the kinetic energy of a 20g tennis ball travelling at 40m/s

Elastic potential Elastic potential energy: energy stored in an elastic body that is
stretched or compressed.
energy
Gravitational potential energy: energy stored in a body due to its
position in a gravitational field.

Gravitational
potential energy Example
A crane is able to lift a load of mass 150kg. Calculate the gravitational
potential energy gained by the crane if it is lifted up to the height of
20m.

Chemical potential Chemical potential energy: Energy stored in the molecular bonds and
released in a chemical reaction.
energy:
Thermal energy Thermal energy: energy related to temperature.

Example:
1. A truck with mass 1500 kg is travelling with a velocity of 20m/s. What is the kinetic energy of
the truck?

2. A 10 kg mass is lifted to a height of 2 m. What is its potential energy at this position?

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 Work, Energy & Power 2016

3. At what height is an object that has a mass of 16 kg, it its gravitational potential energy is
7500 J

Principle of conservation of energy

Example of energy conversion:

1. When divers jumps off the diving board:

Principle of conservation of energy
states that energy can neither be
created nor destroyed but is
converted from one form to
another.
gravitational potential energy tokinetic
energy
2. When the candle burns: Chemical energy is
converted into light energy and thermal
energy
3. A dynamo: Convert kinetic energy into
electrical energy
4. A motor: converts electrical energy into
kinetic energy
5. A loudspeaker: converts electrical energy into
sound energy

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 Work, Energy & Power 2016

Name: Marks

Group Code: Date:

Topic : Work, energy, power and efficiency

1.Yusry falls from a tree. What is the change of energy before he hits the floor?
A. Gravitational potential energy to Kinetic B. Gravitational potential energy to Heat energy
energy
C. Kinetic energy to Gravitational potential D. Chemical potential energy to kinetic energy
energy

2. What is the change of energy while operating a motor

A. Chemical to heat B. Gravitational potential energy to Kinetic
energy
C. Kinetic energy to electrical energy D. Electrical to kinetic energy

3. What is the change of energy while operating a light bulb?

A. Chemical to heat B. Electrical to heat and light
C. Heat and light to electrical energy D. Electrical energy to kinetic energy

4. A coin of mass 20g falls from a height of 20 m to the ground. Calculate the gain of kinetic
energy when the coin is 5 m above the ground. (g = 9.8m/s 2)

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 Work, Energy & Power 2016
A. 3 J C. 294 J
B. 4 J D. 392 J

5. When a falling rock hits the ground, its kinetic energy is

A. converted to potential energy C. converted to heat and sound

B. totally lost energy
D. is conserved in its original form

6. Work can be represented by

A. mass x velocity C. force x displacement

B. force x acceleration D. momentum x velocity

Fill in the blanks with correct statement.

1. Stored energy or energy due to position is known as ____________________ energy.
2. The formula for calculating potential energy is _______________.
3. Potential energy is measured in units of _______________.
4. Mass must be measured in units of _______________.
5. Gravitational pull must be measured in units of _______________.
6. Height must be measured in units of _______________.
7. Energy of motion is known as ____________________ energy.
8. The formula for calculating kinetic energy is _______________.
9. Kinetic energy is measured in units of _______________.
10. Mass must be measured in units of _______________.
11. Velocity must be measured in units of _______________.
12. Calculate the potential energy of a rock with a mass of 55 kg while sitting on a cliff that is 27 m
high.
13. What distance is a book from the floor if the book contains 196 Joules of potential energy and
has a mass of 5 kg?
14. The figure below shows a trolley being pulled along a slope. The mass of trolley is 2 kg.
Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the trolley when it reaches the top of the slope.
(9.8 m/s2)

15. Calculate the kinetic energy of a truck that has a mass of 2900 kg and is moving at 55 m/s.
16. Find the mass of a car that is traveling at a velocity of 60 m/s North. The car has 5,040,000 J of
kinetic energy.
17. How fast is a ball rolling if it contains 98 J of kinetic energy and has a mass of 4 kg?
18. State the law of conservation.

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