Introduction to SQC • Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a collection of tools that when used together can result in process stability and variability reduction
HOW TO CONSTRUCT CS Define problem / process Define suitable period Design Check Sheet based on data Develop a CS which is easy to understand Perform data collection Analyze Training Plotting 2. FLOW CHART • It shows sequence of operation in a process • It can be drawn in no. of ways like pictures, symbols, line diagram etc. • May be drawn to represent entire process / part of process
FLOWCHART SYMBOLS 3. HISTOGRAM • It shows variation of set of data in pictorial form • It Displays frequency distribution • On X- axis No. of Defects Y – axis Frequency of occurrence • Width of all rectangles is same but height varies • It shows the pts. where max variation is occurring.
4. PARETO CHARTS • Based on 20-80 rule based on Vilfredo Pareto 1897 • A small % of any given group (20%) accounts high amount (80%) • It used to decide order of problems generated in industry to be tackled. • 80% of trouble caused by 20% problems • Shows which defect causes max. rejection
2. Collect data in large nos. 3. Draw a graph with independent variable on horizontal axis and dependent variable on vertical axis. 4. If the data clearly form a line or a curve, you may stop. The variables are correlated.
Control charts help us learn more about processes • Separate common and special causes of variation • Determine whether a process is in a state of statistical control or out-of-control • Estimate the process parameters (mean, variation) and assess the performance of a process or its capability
mean between subgroups •tests central tendency or location effects •The R chart - used to detect changes in variation within subgroups •tests dispersion effects