NOTES FOR PLUM CONCRETE RETAINING WALL:

1. PLUM CONCRETE SHALL CONSIST OF CONCRETE CLASS B 170 Kg/cm² (2500Psi)

CONTAINING LARGE EMBEDDED STONES HAVING NO STONE DIMENSION LESS
THAN 200mm. FOR HIGH SEISMIC ZONES
2. NO TWO STONES SHALL BE CLOSER THAN 150mm TO EACH OTHER.
3. ONLY STEEL PLATES FORM WORK SHOULD BE USED AND IT SHOULD NOT BE 400
DAMAGED OR MISPLACED WHILE PLACING/DUMPING OF STONES.
4. PLUM CONCRETE WILL CONSTITUTE ONLY 33% STONES OF TOTAL VOLUME AND PARAPET WALL CONCRETE
CONCRETE CLASS B WILL NOT BE LESS THAN 67%. CLASS "B" (2500psi)

600
5. THE COMMON PRACTICE OBSERVED IN SUCH CONSTRUCTIONS IS THAT STONES 160 600 ROAD
USED ARE MORE THAN 33% AND CONCRETE USED IS LESS THAN 67%, WHICH IS
INCORRECT PRACTICE AND NEEDS TO BE MONITORED AT THE SITE.
6. ANOTHER INCORRECT PRACTICE OBSERVED IS THAT A LAYER OF STONES IS O.F. E.F.
PLACED AND THEN A LAYER OF MORTAR IS SPREAD OVER THE STONE LAYERS.
PLUM CONCRETE

1000
THE CORRECT PRACTICE IS TO FIRST PLACE A CONCRETE LAYER OF 150mm AND
THEN PLACES A FEW STONES 150mm APART. (CONCRETE 67% +
7. EACH STONE SHOULD BE COVERED BY 150mm CLASS B CONCRETE ALL AROUND 300 150 760 150 STONES 33%)

2000
AND THE SPACES IN BETWEEN THE LAR GER STONES SHOULD NOT BE FILLED
WITH SMALLER STONE CHIPPING EXCEPT CONCRETE.
50mm PVC DRAIN FILTER MATERIAL
8. IT IS ALSO TO BE ENSURED THAT WATER CURING IS CARRIED OUT FOR AT LEAST
10 DAYS.
PIPE @ 2m C/C(HORIZ & 200X200X200
9. WHERE EVER POSSIBLE, THE RETAINING WALL SHOULD BE PLACED AWAY FROM VERTICALLY BOTH WAYS) DETAIL 'X' 2600

1300
THE CARRIAGEWAY WITH AN EMBANKMENT SLOPE OF 2:1. IT WILL HELP IN
REDUCTION IN THE HEIGHT / TOTAL COST OF THE WALL.
10. IN CASE THE EMBANKMENT SLOPE IS STEEP AS 1.5:1, THEN SLOPE PROTECTION IS N.S.L./ BED LEVEL
MANDATORY.
11. IN CASE THE SLOPE OF EMBANKMENT IS EVEN STEEPER THAN 1.5:1, THEN FULL
100 1360 100

600
HEIGHT WALL WILL BE CONSTRUCTED..

300
12. POOR WORKMANSHIP AND LACK OF SUPERVISION IS ALSO A CAUSE OF POOR
CONSTRUCTION AND ULTIMATELY FAILURE. HENCE, PROPER SUPERVISION MUST

100
ALSO BE INSURED.
13. LEAN CONCRETE IS 100 Kg/cm² (1400 Psi) .
300mm CONCRETE 100mm LEAN (1400 psi)
BEARING CAPACITY OF THE SITE: CLASS "B" (2500 psi) 1560
1. IF THE BEARING CAPACITY AT SITE IS LESS THAN THE REQUIRED THEN PROVIDE (0.6H)
ONE OR TWO LAYERS OF 150 mm AGGREGATE BASE MATERIAL COMPACTED TO
95% AASHTO DENSITY UNDER THE WALL FOUNDATION.
2. FOR VERY POOR SOIL CONDITIONS PROVIDE 150 mm MICRO PILES AT 1500 C/C 2.6 METER HEIGHT PLUM CONCRETE RETAINING WALL
BOTH WAYS TO IMPROVE BEARING CAPACITY,UPTO A DEPTH OF FIRM SOIL.
3. THE COST OF IMPROVEMENT OF FOUNDATION BASE WILL BE ADDED IN THE TOTAL
COST.
BACK FILL:
BY USING SURVEY EQUIPMENT FIND OUT CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF BACK FILL
AND THEN CALCULATE VOLUME OF BACK FILL.
LEGENDS:
COSTING:
1. THE GIVEN QUANTITY IS FOR ONE METER LENGTH OF WALL. THE TOTAL QUANTITY
O.F. = OUTER FACE
WILL BE = ACTUAL LENGTH OF WALL(m) X QUANTITY PER UNIT LENGTH. E.F. = EARTH FACE
2. IN ADDITION,WHERE EVER REQUIRED THE QUANTITY OF COMMON BACK FILL AS N.S.L. = NATURAL SOIL LEVEL
WELL AS FOR PROTECTION WORKS MAY BE ADDED.

DESIGNED BY: DR. CM IQBAL DWG. DWG. NO.

CECON (Civil Engineers & Consultants) PLUM CONCRETE RETAINING WALL 2.6 METER HEIGHT PLUM CONCRETE RETAINING WALL 01
Email: cecon.cmi@gmail.com
 PLUM CONCRETE WALL

QUANTITY PER METER LENGTH

Total Height = 2.6 m

Height above NSL = 2m
Height below NSL = 0.6 m

CODE DESCRIPTION UNIT NO LENGTH BREADTH HEIGHT QUANTITY

Structural Excavation in
107cii CM 1.2
medium rock Material
Foundation Base 1 1 1.76 0.7 1.23

401f Lean Concrete CM 1 1 1.76 0.1 0.2

401h Plum Concrete 2.3

Wall Body 2 CM 1 1 0.68 1 0.7
Wall Body 1 CM 1 1 1.21 1.3 1.6

401b Concrete Class B CM 0.8

Base CM 1 1 1.56 0.3 0.5
Parrapet CM 1 1.25 0.4 0.6 0.3

107e Common Backfill CM 3.8

Behind Retaining wall CM 1 1 2 1.9 3.8

107d Granular backfill CM 1.4

Behind Retaining wall CM 1 1 2 0.7 1.4

Filter Layer of Granual

509h CM 0.01
Material
CM 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.008

NSI PVC Drain Pipe RM 1.8

RM 1 1.8 Dia 50mm 1.8

DESIGNED BY: DR. CM IQBAL QUANTITY PER METER

CECON: (Civil Engineers & Consultants) PLUM CONCRETE RETAINING WALL LENGTH FOR 2.6m HEIGHT 02
E-mail: cecon.cmi@gmail.com RETAINING WALL
 METHODOLOGY FOR PLUM CONCRETE RETAINING WALL
(Rubble or Cyclopean concrete)

1. Specifications (Plum, Rubble or Cyclopean Concrete) :-

· Rubble or cyclopean concrete shall consist of Class B concrete containing large

embedded stones.

· The total volume of the stone shall not be greater than one third (33%) of the total volume
of the portion of the work in which it is placed.

· Each stone shall be surrounded by at least fifteen centimeter (150 mm) of concrete and no
stone shall be closer than thirty centimeter (300 mm) to any top surface or any closer than
fifteen centimeter (150 mm) to any coping.

2. Methodology:-

· Plum concrete will constitute only 33% stones of total volume and concrete Class B will not
be less than 67%. This means that the volume of stones is only one-third and two-third in
concrete.

· Plum concrete shall consist of concrete Class B 170 kg/cm² (2500psi) containing large
embedded stones that one man can handle it.

· Class B concrete slump should not be more than 150mm.

· No two stones shall be closer than 150mm to each other either sideways or bottom to top
layer.

· Only steel plates or plywood form work should be used and it should not be damaged or
misplaced while placing of stones.

· Each stone should be covered by 150mm Class B concrete all around and the spaces in
between the larger stones should not be filled with smaller stone chippings except
concrete.

· It is also to be ensured that water curing is carried out for at least 14 days.

3. Correct / Incorrect Practices:-

· The common practice observed in such constructions is that stones used are more than
33% and concrete used is less than 67%, which is incorrect practice and needs to be
monitored at the site. Such substandard works should be rejected/ devalued proportionally.

· Another incorrect practice observed is that a layer of closely placed stones is made and
then a layer of mortar is spread over the stone layers. The correct practice is to first place
a concrete layer of 150mm and then place the stones 150mm apart on the concrete layer.

DESIGNED BY: DR. CM IQBAL DWG. DWG. NO.

CECON (Civil Engineers & Consultants) PLUM CONCRETE RETAINING WALL METHODOLOGY FOR PLUM CONCRETE RETAINING WALL 03
Email: cecon.cmi@gmail.com
 METHODOLOGY FOR PLUM CONCRETE RETAINING WALL
(Rubble or Cyclopean concrete)

CORRECT PRACTICES INCORRECT PRACTICES

150 150

150 150 150

150 150 150

CONCRETE CONCRETE
150 CLASS "B" CLASS "B"
150
STONE 150mm
APART STONE CLOSER
150 THAN 150mm

PLAN VIEW PLAN VIEW

ALL STONES ARE PLACED 150 mm APART STONES ARE PLACED CLOSER THAN 150mm.

150 150

150 150

150 150

CONCRETE CONCRETE
CLASS "B" CLASS "B"
150
STONE 150mm
APART STONE CLOSER
150 THAN 150mm

ELEVATION ELEVATION

ALL STONES ARE PLACED 150mm APART. THE CONCRETE THE CONCRETE LAYER BETWEEN THE STONES LAYER IS
LAYER BETWEEN THE STONES LAYER IS 150 mm. LESS THAN 150 mm.

Advantages: Disadvantages:
· It is according to specifications for Plum, · It is not according to specifications for Plum,
Rubble or Cyclopean Concrete. Rubble or Cyclopean Concrete.
· Concrete quantity 67% with respect to stones · Concrete quantity less than 67% and stones
33% is achieved. used are more than 33% is achieved.
· The work needs to be devalued accordingly.

DESIGNED BY: DR. CM IQBAL DWG. DWG. NO.

CECON (Civil Engineers & Consultants) PLUM CONCRETE RETAINING WALL METHODOLOGY FOR PLUM CONCRETE RETAINING WALL 04
Email: cecon.cmi@gmail.com