RIPH Reviewer
 Malubai – worth 2 pesetas
Historical Trivias about the Philippines
 University of Santo Tomas – oldest
university in Asia. Established in April 28, 1611.
 Jesus Quevenco – the double of Ferdinand
Marcos.
 Roberto del Rosario – patented the first
working karaoke machine in 1975.
 Dona Victorina Syndrome – “social
climbers”
 Savage – refers as “summary execution”
during the Martial Law era.
 Dr. Maria Paz Mendoza-Guanzon – first
Filipina to receive a highschool diploma. The forst
woman to graduate in UP College of Medicine.
Significance to the Grand Narrative of
Philippine History
Grand narrative – “master narrative”. A kind of
interconnection between events.
Jean-François Lyotard – introduced the term ‘grand
narrative’.
Narrative knowledge – knowledge in the form of
storytelling. E.g. myths, and legends.
Balangiga Bell – the bell that was returned in the
Philippines by the US
Early Filipinos
Shelter
1. Caves – caves were safer
Then later moved to:
 Plains – for farming
 Coastal areas – for fishing
2. Nipa Huts – made out of nipa palm leaves,
wood, and bamboo. 1 meter above the ground.
3. Tree Houses – to keep safe from enemies and
wild animals.
4. Houses on Stilts – houses along the coastal
areas.
Means of Livelihood
1. Agriculture
 Kaingin Method – prepare the area for
farming by cutting and burning plants and grasses.
Converts forest lands into agricultural lands or
pasture for livestock.
 Wet Method – rice was planted in areas
where dikes were built to collect water. The most
common way of preparing low land fields.
2. Hunting – men used bow and arrow to hunt.
3. Boat Making – they made boats out of wood.
 Birey – boar made for 50 to 100 people.
 Biroco – boat made for more than 100
people.
4. Trading – standard exchange was gold.
 Bielu – worth 3 pesetas
 Linguingi – worth 4 pesetas
 Oregeras – worth 5 pesetas. Highest value.
Barangay – balanghay, biniray, balangay – meaning
“a water vehicle”. Refers to an ethnic group who
migrated and rode together.
Datu – recommends the law.
Council – reviews and agrees.
Umalahokan – announces to the barangay. Known
to be the "town criers". Are responsible for going
around and making people aware of new laws and
policies enacted by the datu.
4 Kinds of Groups
 Datus/Chieftain/Leaders – regarded as the
savior. Lakan or Gat
Dayang-dayang – wives of datu.
 Maharlika/Free People/Noble People – they
do not pay taxes, can travel with the datu.
 Timawa/Ordinary People/Masa – allowed to
live in other barangays.
 Alipin/Slaves – the lowest status.
 Babaylan, Baylana, or Katalona – female
priests, can communicate with the gods.
 Tambalan – healers or doctors
 Atubang ng datu – adviser of the datu. The
elderly who give out advices to the datu
 Daragangan – outstanding soldier
 Paratabgaw – barangay teacher
Philippines in the 19th Century
 1872 – The Cavite Mutiny/Rebellion in
Cavite.
 1892 – La Liga Filipina was founded by
Jose Rizal
Is the movement founded by
Jose Rizal and it is called reform than revolution.
La Solidaridad – sulat (sina Rizal)
Katipunan – dahas (sina Bonifacio)
 August 1986 – they began the Revolution
(Katipunan)
 December 30, 1896 – Rizal was killed. He
was accused for supporting the revolution and was
executed in Bagumbayan.
 1898 – War between USA and Spain.
 April 30, 1898 – Americans defeated
Spanish fleet in Manila bay.
 June 12, 1898 – Philippine declaration of
Independence.
 February 4, 1899 – American forces vs.
Filipinos in Manila
Philippines in the 20th Century
American rule in the Philippines was paternalistic.
 December 21, 1898 – 'Benevolent
Assimilation' policy.
 January 4, 1899 – the policy was announced
in the Philippines.
 Thomas – is the name of the ship of the
Americans that were sent to the Philippines to
educate the Filipinos.
 1935 – Philippines were made a
commonwealth and were semi-independent.
 1945 – USA promised that the Philippines
would become completely independent.
 December 1941 – Japan attacked the US
fleet at Pearl Harbor.
 December 10, 1941 – Japanese troops
invaded the Philippines.
 January 2, 1941 – They captured Manila.
 May 6, 1942 – all of the Philippines were in
Japanese hands.
 October 1944 – American troops returned to
the Philippines. They recaptured Manila in February
1945.
 July 4, 1946 – Philippines became
independent. Manuel A. Roxas was the president of
the newly independent nation.
 Ferdinand Marcos (1917-1989) – elected in
1965. Re-elected in 1969
 September 21, 1972 – Marcos declared
Martial Law.
 1980 – Benigno Aquino was exiled.
 August 21, 1983 – Benigno Aquino was
killed.
 1986 – Marcos called an election. Macos vs.
Cory Aquino.
 1992 – Fidel Ramos became president. He
improved the infratructure in the Philippines
including the electricity supply. Industry was
privatized and the economy began to grow more
rapidly.
Philippines in the 21st Century
1. Joseph Ejercito Estrada (1998-2001) – first
president to retire in his position.
 Graft and corruption – Estrada was
sanctioned to have been getting or robbing
money from the governments’ fund to use for his
own personal interest.
 Asian financial crisis
 El Nino – the serious drought of
lands in the rural areas that cause the
unemployment of the farmers and the rise of the
prices of rice.
 Poverty
2. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001-2010) – the
most corrupt president in the Philippines.
(2001 – 2004) first term
(2004 – 2010) second term
 Killings – There have been more
than 840 killings in the Philippines since President
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo came to power.
 Corruption – Corruption scandals
have cost the Filipinos around 7.3 billion pesos.
 Budget mismanagement – Education,
health, and public infrastructure were not given
much priority.
 Unemployment
3. Benigno Simeon "Noynoy" Cojuangco
Aquino III (2010-2016)
 Good Governance and Anti-
corruption
 Human development
- Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
(CCT)
- K to 12 Basic Education
- Responsible Parenthood
- Sin Taxes – sigarilyo, alak, ect.
 Security, Justice, and Peace
 Environment and Climate Change
- Project NOAH – disaster prevention.
- National Green Program
4. Rodrigo "Rody" Roa Duterte a.k.a. Digong
(2016-Present)
 Extrajudicial Killing
 Scarborough Shoal – “panacot”
 Increase in salary in military
 Free Tertiary Education in
Government State Colleges and Universities