Page No.

BORED PILE DESIGN

PAILIN PROJECT-CASINO HOTEL

1.0 Basic Pile Design Data

* Type of Pile : - : Bored Cast in-situ.
* Pile Diameter = 800 mm
* Working Load in Compression = 4,000 kN
* Minimum Factor of Safety = 2.00
* Reference Point for Level Measurements : Existing Ground Level
* Cut-off Level = -2.00 m
* Bedrock Level = -10.00 m
* Pile Toe Level = -12.00 m
2
* Concrete = 35 N/mm
* Cement Type : Sulphate Resisting Cement (S.R.C.)
* Reinforcement : High Tensile [Black] Steel.
* Yield Strength of Steel = 390 N/mm2

* Longitudinal Bars
A] Top 12.00 m : 16 Nos. Φ 25 mm
B] Rest of Pile : 16 Nos. Φ 25 mm

* Helical Links
A] Top 2.00 m : Φ 10 mm @ 100 mm c/c
B] Rest of Pile : Φ 10 mm @ 100 mm c/c

* Cover of Reinforcement = 75 mm
* Number of Piles = 1
 Page No. 2

2.0 Pile Capacity Calculations

* The soil investigation report has been done by : No report of SI
Data input is based on assumption of minimum
Soil Engineering Properties
* Reference Point for Level Measurements : Existing Ground Level
* Pile Diamter = 800 mm
* Pile Toe Level = -12.00 m
* Bedrock Level = -10.00 m
* Socketd Length of Pile in Rock = 2.00 m

Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Pile (Q u )

Qu = Qb + Qs
Where Q b : Pile base bearing capacity.
Q s : Pile socket friction bearing capacity.

Qb = 2Nf qub Ab
Where f : Angle of Friction
f
N f = tan 2 (45o + )
2
q ub : Unconfined compressive strength of the socket zone = qu (lab)
5
A b : Area of pile base.

Qs = abqus As
Where a : Reduction factor relating to q us .
b : Correction factor related to the discontinuity spacing in the rock mass.
q us : Unconfined compressive strength along the shaft area.
As : Area of pile shaft.
 Page No. 3

Friction Capacity of Pile

Depth Range
Length RQD q ucs As Qs
No. From To a b
m m % MPa m2 kN
1 -2.00 -6.00 4.00 70 0.50 0.70 0.80 10.05 2815
2 -6.00 -10.00 4.00 50 0.85 0.50 0.70 10.05 2991
3 -10.00 -12.00 2.00 50 1.20 0.40 0.65 5.03 1568

* Ultimate Skin Friction Capacity Qs = 7374 kN

 Page No. 4

End Bearing Capacity of Pile

f = 27 o

Nf = 2.66
q ub = 0.24 MPa
Ab = 0.50 m2
* Ultimate End Bearing Capacity Qb = 642 kN

* Ultimate Total Capacity Qu = 8016 kN

* Actual Factor of Safety = 2.00

Thus, the pile can safely carry the applied load

 ` Page No. 5

3.0 Elastic Analysis

In granular soil-rock environment where the soil modulus is assumed to increase linearly with depth,
stiffness factor (T ) is given by: -
EI
T =5
nh
Where E = Ko + 0.2 f cu , where K o = 20
E : Modulus of elasticity of concrete
I : Moment of inertia of pile = D
4

64
D : diameter of pile.
n h : Modulus of subgrade reaction

E = 27.00 GPa
I = 0.02 m4
nh = 45 MN/m3
* Stiffness Factor T = 1.65 m
* Net Pile Length = 10.00 m

Shear Forces
* Due to 5% of Axial Load H1 = 200.00 kN
N
* Due to Out-of-Verticality H2 = 53.33 kN =
75
* Total Shear Force H = 253.33 kN

* The following evaluation is based on the elastic analysis of laterally-loaded fixed pile head (pile cap)
and linearly increasing soil modulus (Reese & Matlock in Tomlinson 1994).

* Bending Moment M f = Fm HT

Where F m : Moment coefficient

 Page No. 6

Depth Z Moment
(x) x Fm Mf
m T kNm
0 0.00 0.00 -0.92 -383.51
1 1.00 0.61 -0.37 -153.46
2 2.00 1.22 0.04 15.72 Moment (kNm)
3 3.00 1.82 0.23 96.59 0 5 10 15
0.00
4 4.00 2.43 0.24 101.20
1.00
5 5.00 3.04 0.16 68.61 2.00

Depth (m)
3.00
6 6.00 3.65 0.08 34.37
4.00
7 7.00 4.25 0.02 8.20 5.00
8 8.00 4.86 0.00 0.00 6.00
7.00
9 9.00 5.47 0.00 0.00
8.00
10 9.00
10.00
11
12
13 N.B. (x ) is the depth from the cut-off level
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
 Page No. 7

4.0 Longitudinal Reinforcement

M1 = 383.51 kNm [From the elastic analysis]

* Out-of-Position Moment M2 = 300.00 kNm = 0.075 N
* Ultimate Moment M ult = 1025.26 kNm [Factored to 1.50]
* Ultimate Axial Load N ult = 6000 kN [Factored to 1.50]
* Pile Diameter h = 800 mm
d' = 97.50 mm
f cu = 35 N/mm2
fy = 390 N/mm2
* Required Steel Percentage
1] From PROKON = 1.45 % ------ (1)
2] 0.30% Ac = 0.30 % ------ (2) [BD 74/00, C9.2]
3] Minimum of 6 bars = 0.59 % ------ (3) [BD 74/00, C9.2]
4] 0.15N/fy = 0.46 % ------ (4) [BD 74/00, C9.2]

Top 12.00 m
* Maximum of (1), (2), (3) & (4) r req. = 1.45 %
* Provided Steel Diameter = 25 mm
* Required No. of Steel Bars = 15
* Provided No. of Steel Bars = 16
* Spacing Between Bars c/c = 119 mm [Maximum 300 mm]
OK
Rest of Pile
* Maximum of (2), (3) & (4) r req. = 0.59 %
* Provided Steel Diameter = 25 mm
* Required No. of Steel Bars = 6
* Provided No. of Steel Bars = 16
OK
 Page No. 8

5.0 Stress in Concrete

* Pile Diameter D = 800 mm
* Compressive Strength of Concrete f cu = 35 N/mm2
* Working Axial Load N = 4000 kN
* Area of Concrete Ac = 502655 mm2

* Permissible service stress should not exceed 25 % of the specified cube strength as per BS8004: 7.4.4.3
s1 = 8.75 N/mm2
N
* Actual Stress in Concrete, s =
A
s2 = 7.96 N/mm
2

OK

6.0 Ultimate Vertical Load

* Proposed Vertical Reinforcement : 16 Nos. Φ 25 mm

As per BS8110, Part 1 - 1997, The ultimate axial load should not exceed the value of "N" given by:

N = 0.35 f cu Ac + 0.7 Asc f y

* Yield strength of steel. fy = 390 N/mm2

* Area of steel A sc = 7854 mm2
* Compressive strength of concrete. f cu = 35 N/mm2
* Area of concrete Ac = 494801 mm2
N = 8205 kN
* Allowable Axial Load N all = 5470 kN [Divided by 1.50]
* Applied Axial Load N app = 4000 kN
OK
 Page No. 9

7.0 Settlement Calculations

The settlement of piles under a vertical working load is calculated as follows: -
s = s1 + s2 + s3
s : Total settlement.
s 1 : Settlement of pile shaft due to elastic shortening.
s 2 : Settlement of pile caused by pile point load.
s 3 : Settlement of pile caused by pile shaft-transmitted load.
(Qwp + xQws ) L
s1 =
Ap E p
where Q wp : Load carried at the pile point under working load condition.
x : Unit skin resistance distribution along pile shaft.
Q ws : Load carried by frictional (skin) resistance under working load condition.
L : Length of pile.
Ap : Area of pile cross-section.
Ep : Modulus of elasticity of pile material.
* Ultimate End Bearing Capacity Qb = 642 kN
* Ultimate Skin Friction Capacity Qs = 7374 kN
* Factor of Safety of End Bearing = 2.00
* Factor of Safety of Skin Friction = 2.00
Q wp = 321 kN
Q ws = 3679 kN
x = 0.67
L = 10.00 m
Ap = 0.50 m2
Ep = 27.00 GPa
s1 = 2.05 mm
 Page No. 10

qwp D
s2 = (1 - m s2 ) I wp
Es
Qwp
Where q wp : Point load per unit area at the pile point =
Ap
D : Diameter of pile.
Es : Modulus of elasticity of soil at or below pile point.
ms : Poisson's ratio of soil.
I wp : Influence factor = a r for circular foundations.
q wp = 638 kN/m2
D = 800 mm
Es = 1.00 GPa
ms = 0.30
I wp = 0.85
s2 = 0.39 mm
Q D
s3 = ( ws ) (1 - m 2 ) I ws
pL Es

where p : Perimeter of pile.

L
I ws : Influence factor = 2 + 0.35
D

p = 2513 mm
I ws = 3.24
s3 = 0.35 mm
Total Settlement s = 2.79 mm
 Page No. 11

8.0 Shear Calculations on Piles

Assumptions and Considerations
* Concrete Compressive Strength f cu = 35 N/mm2
* Yield Strength of Stirrups f yv = 390 N/mm2
* Applied Shear Force = 253.33 kN
* Applied Normal Force = 4000 kN
* Factored Shear Force V = 380 kN [Factored to 1.50]
* Factored Normal Force N = 6000 kN [Factored to 1.50]
* Pile Diameter dp = 800 mm
* Cross-sectional Area of Pile Ac = 502655 mm2
* Main Reinforcement : No. of Bars = 16
Diameter of Bars = 25 mm
* Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 3927 mm2 [Half the Total Reinforcement].
* Concrete Cover = 75 mm

Shear Stress Calculations

* Width of Pile b = 800 mm
* Centroid of Tension Zone c = 194 mm
* Effective Depth d = 594 mm
* Shear Stress v = 0.80 N/mm2
* Maximum Shear Stress v max = 4.44 N/mm2 [BD 74/00, C5.1]

Shear Stress is OK
 Page No. 12

* Calculating the factor x s vc

xs = 0.96 (Table 9, BS 5400)
gm = 1.25 (Table 8, BS 5400)
* Shear Stress in Concrete vc = 0.66 N/mm2
x s vc = 0.64 N/mm2

0.05 N = 1.60
(1 + )
Ac

x s vc * = 1.01 N/mm2

Shear Reinforcement Criterion (BD 74/00)

* The criterion of shear reinforcement is based on the following cases:

x s vc *
Case (1) v < , No shear reinforcement is required.
2

x s vc *
Case (2) £ v £ x s vc * , Minimum shear reinforcement is required.
2

Case (3) v > x s vc * , Shear reinforcement is to be provided.

2
v = 0.80 N/mm
x s vc * = 1.01 N/mm2

Therefore, case (2) governs

Minimum shear reinforcement is required
 Page No. 13

* Minimum Shear Reinforcement = 0.94 mm2/mm

Provided Reinforcement
A] Top 2.00 m
* Number of Legs = 2 legs
* Diameter of Stirrups = 10 mm
* Spacing = 100 mm
* Provided Area of Stirrups A sv = 1.57 mm2/mm
* Required Area of Stirrups A sv = 0.94 mm2/mm
OK

B] Rest of Pile
* Number of Legs = 2 legs
* Diameter of Stirrups = 10 mm
* Spacing = 100 mm
* Provided Area of Stirrups A sv = 1.57 mm2/mm
2
* Required Area of Stirrups A sv = 0.94 mm /mm
OK
Formulas

500
xs = 4
d or 0.70 whichever is greater.

0.27 3 100 As
vc = 3 f cu
gm bd

 Asv  0.4b
  =
 sv  min 0.87 f yv

Asv b(v - x s vc )
=
sv 0.87 f yv for case (3)