Grammar Terms Topic on englisch-hilfen.

de Examples

 Adjectives Adjectives Mandy is a careful girl.

 Adverbs Adverbs Mandy drives carefully.

 a/an
This is a book.
 the Articles
Look at the board.
 Articles

 Auxiliaries Modal Auxiliaries I am playing football.

 Conditional Perfect
Progressive
 Conditional II Continuous
Conditional Perfect
I would have been working.
Progressive

 Conditional Perfect
Conditional Perfect I would have worked.
 Conditional II Simple

 Conditional Progressive
Conditional Progressive I would be working.
 Conditional Continuous

 Conditional

 Conditional I Conditional Simple I would work.

 Conditional Simple

 Conjunctions Conjunctions and Fillers I like tea and coffee.

 Future Perfect Future Perfect I will have played football by tomorrow.

 Futur II
Grammar Terms Topic on englisch-hilfen.de Examples

 Future Perfect Simple

 Future Perfect Progressive I will have been playing football for an

Future Perfect Progressive
 Future Perfect Continuous hour by 10.30.

 Future Progressive
Future Progressive I will be playing football next Sunday.
 Future Continuous

 Genitive s

 Apostrophe s Genitive s Ronny's brother

 Possessive s

 Gerund

 Gerundium Gerund I enjoy playing football.

 -ing form

 going to-future going to-future I'm going to play football this afternoon.

If I study, I will pass the test.

 if-clauses
If I studied, I would pass the test.
 Conditional sentences Conditional sentences - if

 Conditional clauses If I had studied, I would have

passed the test.

 Imperative The Imperative in English Go home!

 Indirect speech Reported Speech Susan says that she works in an office.
Grammar Terms Topic on englisch-hilfen.de Examples

Susan said that she worked in an

 Reported speech
office.

Gagarin was the first to fly in a

 Infinitive Infinitive
spaceship.

 Long forms, short

Langformen, Kurzformen We aren't from London.
(contracted) forms

 Modals
Modals You mustn't do that.
 Modal auxiliaries

 Nouns Nouns Your hair looks lovely.

 Passive voice Passive voice Cameras are built in Japan.

 Past Perfect Progressive I had been playing football when Susan

Past Perfect Progressive
 Past Perfect Continuous came.

 Past Perfect

 Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect I had played football when Susan came.

 Simple Past Perfect

 Past Progressive
Past Progressive I was playing football the whole evening.
 Past Continuous

 Personal pronouns Personal pronouns We read a book.

 Plural Plural Here are five books.

 Possessive determiners Possessive pronouns This is my book.

Grammar Terms Topic on englisch-hilfen.de Examples

 Possessive pronouns

 Prepositions Prepositions The books are on the desk.

 Present Perfect Progressive

Present Perfect Progressive I have been playing football for 2 hours.
 Present Perfect Continuous

 Present Perfect

 Simple Present Perfect

Present Perfect I have just played football.
 Present Perfect (simple
form)

 Present Progressive
Present Progressive I'm playing football now.
 Present Continuous

Where are the girls?

 Questions with question Questions with question
words words
When do you watch TV?

 Question tags Question tags in English You are John, aren't you?

 Reflexive pronouns
Reflexive pronouns They help each other.
 self, each other

 Relative pronouns My house, which has a blue door, needs

Relative pronouns
 who, which, whose, that painting

 Relative clauses without Contact clauses – no This is the boy I met at the party
relative pronoubs relative pronouns yesterday.
Grammar Terms Topic on englisch-hilfen.de Examples

 Contact clauses

 Short answers Short answers Are you English? - Yes, I am.

 Simple Past
Simple Past I played football yesterday.
 Past Simple

 Simple Present
Simple Present I play football every week.
 Present Simple

 Singular Singular/Plural Here is one book.

 some, any, much, many

Quantifiers There are some apples left.
 Quantifiers

I play football.

I am playing football.

I played football.
 Tenses Tenses
I have played football.

I will play football.

...

 this, that - these, those

this, that - these, those This is Pat and that is John.
 Demonstrative pronouns
Grammar Terms Topic on englisch-hilfen.de Examples

 Verbs Verbs We sing a song.

 will-future

 Future I will-future I will play football next week.

 Future Simple

They play handball in the gym every

 Word order Word order
Monday.

 Yes/No questions Are you from England?

 Questions without question Yes/No questions

words Do you speak French?

4. Modals can, could, may, must, need, will etc.

Pronouns Affirmative sentence Negative sentence Question

I, he, she, it, we, you, they I can play tennis. I cannot play tennis. Can I play tennis?

► We can subtitute don't (can't) for do not (cannot).

Modals have the same form every time regardless the subject. We do not add an -s to the infinitive.
1. Questions without question words in Simple Present

Auxiliary
Auxiliary Subject Verb Rest Yes/No Subject
(+ n't)

Yes, I do.
Do you read books?
No, I don't.

Yes, he does.
Does Peter play football?
No, he doesn't.

2. Questions with question words in Simple Present

 Question
Auxiliary Subject Verb Rest Answer
word

I play games on my
What do you play on your computer?
computer.

When does your mother go to work? She goes to work at 6 o'clock.

Where do you meet your friends? I meet them at the bus stop.

1. verbs ending in a sibilant [s] [z] [ʃ] [ʒ] [ʧ] [ʤ] or verbs ending in -
o preceded by a consonant

We add -es to the infinitive.

 I watch → he watches

 I pass → he passes

 I go → he goes

 I do → he does

2. verbs ending in -y

Mind the letter that stands before -y.

Vowel before -y: Add -s.

 I play → he plays

Consonant before -y: Change -y to -i. Then add -es.

 I hurry → he hurries

 When do we use the Simple Present?

 The Simple Present is frequently used in English. It is also called Present Simple.
  1. repeated actions (every day, always, often, sometimes, never)
 My friend often draws nice posters.
 I never drink orange juice.
 We usually go to the Baltic Sea in summer.
 2. things in general
 The sun rises in the east.
 Cats drink milk.
 3. fixed arrangements, scheduled events (e.g. timetable)
 The plane flies to London every Monday.
 We have English on Tuesdays and Fridays.
 4. sequence of actions in the present (first – then, after that)
 First I get up, then I have breakfast.
 After school I switch on my computer, then I check my emails and after that I play my
favourite game.
 5. instructions
 Open your books at page 34.
 Don't shout at me!
 6. with special verbs – which are normally not used with
the Present Progressive (These verbs express states,
possessions, feelings etc.) be, believe, belong, hate, hear, like,
love, mean, prefer, remain, realize, see, seem, smell, think,
understand, want, wish
 I understand English.
 He doesn't like fish.
 She believes in life after death.
 Do you prefer tea or coffee?

1. consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the end of the word

Double the consonant.

sit – he is sitting
put – he is putting

If the consonant is not stressed, we do not double it:

benefit – benefiting (Here we stress the first -e, not the -i.)
In British English we double one -l at the end of the word:
travel – travelling

2. one -e at the end of the word

Drop the -e.

write – he is writing
take – he is taking

BUT:
double-e: Add -ing:
see – he is seeing

3. verbs ending in -ie

Change -ie to -y.

lie – he is lying

4. verbs ending in -c

Change -c to -ck.
picnic – he is picnicking