Name Date Class

LESSON Practice A
8-6 Independent and Dependent Events
Decide if each set of events is independent or dependent.
Explain your answer.
1. A student spins a spinner and rolls a number cube.

2. A student picks a raffle ticket from a box and then picks a

second raffle ticket without replacing the first raffle ticket.

Find the probability of each set of independent events. Choose

the letter for the best answer.
3. drawing a black checker from a bag 4. rolling a six on the first roll of a 1–6
of 6 black checkers and 4 red number cube and rolling an odd
checkers, replacing it, and drawing number on the second roll of the
another black checker same cube
2 2 1 1
A 3 C 5 F 12
H 6
9 3 1 1
B 2
5
D 5 G 8 J 2

5. flipping a tail on a coin and spinning 6. drawing a 1, 2, or 3 from 9 cards

a 5 on a spinner with sections of numbered 1–9, replacing the card,
equal area numbered 1–5 and drawing a 7, 8, or 9
1 1 1 1
A 2 C 7 F 3 H 9
1 1 3 1
B 5 D 1
0
G 8 J 12
Solve.
7. There are 4 black marbles and 2 white marbles in a bag. What is
the probability of choosing a black marble, replacing it, then
choosing a white marble?

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 Practice A
LESSON Practice B
LESSON
8-6 Independent and Dependent Events 8-6 Independent and Dependent Events
Decide if each set of events is independent or dependent. Decide if each set of events is independent or dependent.
Explain your answer. Explain your answer.
1. A student spins a spinner and rolls a number cube. 1. A student spins a spinner and chooses a Scrabble® tile

Independent; Spinning a spinner does not affect Independent; Spinning a spinner does not affect
the outcome of rolling a number cube. the outcome of choosing a Scrabble® tile.
2. A student picks a raffle ticket from a box and then picks a 2. A boy chooses a sock from a drawer of socks, then chooses a
second raffle ticket without replacing the first raffle ticket. second sock without replacing the first.

Dependent; There are fewer raffle tickets in the Dependent; There are fewer socks in the drawer
box for the second ticket picked. for the second sock picked.
Find the probability of each set of independent events. Choose 3. A student picks a raffle ticket from a box, replaces the ticket,
the letter for the best answer. then picks a second raffle ticket.
3. drawing a black checker from a bag 4. rolling a six on the first roll of a 1–6 Independent; There are the same number of raffle
of 6 black checkers and 4 red number cube and rolling an odd
checkers, replacing it, and drawing number on the second roll of the tickets in the box for the second ticket picked.
another black checker same cube Find the probability of each set of independent events.
2 2 1 1
A 3 C 5 
F 12
 H 6
4. drawing a red checker from a bag of 9 black checkers and
9 3 1 1

B 
25
 D 5 G 8 J 2 6 red checkers, replacing it, and drawing another red checker
4

25
5. flipping a tail on a coin and spinning 6. drawing a 1, 2, or 3 from 9 cards
a 5 on a spinner with sections of numbered 1–9, replacing the card, 5. drawing a black checker from a bag of 9 black checkers and
equal area numbered 1–5 and drawing a 7, 8, or 9 6 red checkers, replacing it, and drawing a red checker
6
1
A 2
1
C 7
1
F 3  1
H 9 
25
1 1 3 1
B 5 
D 1
0
G 8 J 
12
 6. rolling a 1, 2, or 3 on the first roll of a 1–6 number cube and
rolling a 4, 5, or 6 on the second roll of the same cube
Solve. 1

7. There are 4 black marbles and 2 white marbles in a bag. What is 4
the probability of choosing a black marble, replacing it, then
Solve.
choosing a white marble?
2 7. Randy has 4 pennies, 2 nickels, and 3 dimes in his pocket. If he
 randomly selects a coin, replaces it, then makes another random
9
selection, what is the probability that both are dimes?
1

9

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Practice C
LESSON Review for Mastery
LESSON
7-6 Populations and Samples 8-6 Independent and Dependent Events
For each situation, explain whether it makes sense to use Events are independent when the outcome of one event has no
a sample. effect on the outcome of a second event. Rolling a number cube and
flipping a coin are independent events.
1. A gardener wants to know how many of his 12 rose bushes have
Black Spot fungus. Find the probability of flipping a coin that lands heads up and
picking an ace from a standard deck of cards.
No. The entire population is small. It does not make sense to use a sample.
Since there are 2 outcomes for the coin and 52 outcomes for the
2. A gardener wants to know the percentage of rose bushes in card, there are 2  52  104 possible outcomes of flipping a coin
California that have Black Spot fungus. and picking a card.
Yes. The entire population is large. It makes sense to use a sample. There are 4 ways of having the coin land on heads AND picking an
ace: heads and ace of spades, heads and ace of clubs, heads and
Foreign-Born Residents
According to the U.S. Census ace of hearts, and heads and ace of diamonds.
Bureau, about 26% of all California Sample Born Outside Born in So the probability of flipping a coin that lands heads up and picking
residents were born outside the United States United States an ace from a deck is:
United States. Henry surveys a
random sample of residents from City A 17 49 number of outcomes with heads and an ace 4 1
P(heads and ace)      
104 26
two California cities. His data is number of possible outcomes
City B 23 88
shown in the table.
3. How does the sample for City A compare to the statewide percentage? Find the probability of rolling a 4 on a number cube and
flipping heads on a coin.
The number of foreign-born residents is close to the statewide percentage.
1. There are 6 outcomes for the number cube and 2
4. How does the sample for City B compare to the statewide percentage? outcomes for the coin.
The number of foreign-born residents is less than the statewide percentage. 2. Using the Fundamental Counting Principle, there are
6  2 , or 12 , possible outcomes of rolling a
A factory produces 5,000 car parts each day. Use this number cube and flipping a coin.
information for Exercises 5–6.
3. Make a list of the possible outcomes:
5. A manager at the factory estimates that no more than 135 defective parts are
produced each day. A random sample of 50 parts shows that 2 are defective. (1, H), (2, H), (3, H), (4, H), (5, H), (6, H), (1, T), (2, T),
Determine whether the manager’s estimate is likely to be accurate. Explain.
(3, T), (4, T), (5, T), (6, T)
No. Based on the random sample, you can predict that 200 defective car parts How many possible ways are there of rolling a 4 and flipping heads? 1
are produced each day. 1
number of ways 4 and heads can occur 
4. P(4 and heads)  
number of possible outcomes  12
6. The factory’s owner claims that approximately 600 of the car parts are labeled
incorrectly each day. A random sample of 75 parts shows that 9 are incorrectly
labeled. Is the owner’s claim likely to be valid? Explain.

Yes. Based on the random sample, you can predict that 600 of the car parts
are incorrectly labeled each day.

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51 Holt Mathematics Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
All rights reserved.
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