Butuan Ivory Seal

Part I

Primary Sources: Butuan Ivory Seal

Description: An ivory stamp seal associated with a shell midden dated 9th-12th century was found in Libertad,
Butuan City in Agusan del Norte (southern Philippines). Inscribed on the seal is the word Butban in stylized Kavi.
The script has a similarity to the Tagalog script. Butban, was presumed to stand for Butwan or Butuan since the
letters “b” and “w” were frequently interchanged. Dated 1002 A.D., the seal could have been used for
documentation in trading. the Butuan Ivory Seal was recovered in the 1970s by pot hunters in a prehistoric shell
midden site in Ambangan, Libertad, Butuan City in Agusan del Norte.The seal was deciphered by Dutch
anthropologist Antoon Postma. Postma reports that it was shown to him by Dr. Angel Bautista (chief of the
cultural property division of the National Museum) in 1990 at a conference in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Importance: The ivory seal as well as other archaeological materials recovered in Ambangan archaeological sites
are proof that Rajahnate of Butuan was an important trading center whose official seal marked the source of
commodities it produced and exported.
Function: Made of rhinoceros ivory tusk, the object must have been used to stamp documents or goods during
trading. Butuan was the center of trade and commerce in the country as early as the 10th century. It was allegedly
used to stamp documents and goods to denote place of origin or transaction during trade.
Essence: the seal could have been used for documentation in trading, Butuan was the center of trade and
commerce in North eastern Mindanao since 10th century. There were other notable discoveries like the Ivory Seal
and the Silver Paleograph, Gold and tools for gold processing of ornaments have also been recovered from a
village site Over a hundred clay crucibles and tools for the processing of gold items were discovered in the area,
leading to the conclusion that an extensive gold ornaments industry was located in these areas as far back as a
thousand years ago. Altogether, these data demonstrate that Butuan was a thriving international trading port a
thousand years ago. This site has a tremendous historical impact in the Asian region.
5 Pictures
Part II

Discussion and Readings

Emilio Jacinto/ Kartilya ng Katipunan

3 Authors or Different Books

Content :
a. Profile of Emilio Jacinto of the Philippines
By: Kallie Szczepanski, has a Ph.D. in history and has taught at the college and high school level in both
the U.S. and Korea.

"Whether their skin be dark or white, all human persons are equal; one may be superior in knowledge, in wealth,
in beauty, but not in being more human." - Emilio Jacinto, Kartilya ng Katipunan.
Emilio Jacinto was an eloquent and brave young man, known as both the soul and the brain of the
Katipunan, Andres Bonifacio's revolutionary organization. In his short life, Jacinto helped to lead the fight for
Filipino independence from Spain. He laid out principles for the new government envisioned by Bonifacio; in the
end, however, neither man would survive to see the Spanish overthrown.
Early Life
Not much is known about Emilio Jacinto's early life. We do know that he was born in Manila on December 15,
1875, the son of a prominent merchant. Emilio received a good education, and was fluent in both Tagalog and
Spanish. He went to the San Juan de Letran College briefly. Deciding to study law, he transferred to the University
of Santo Tomas, where a future president of the Philippines, Manuel Quezon, was among his classmates.
Jacinto was just 19 years old when news arrived that the Spanish had arrested his hero, Jose Rizal. Galvanized,
the young man left school and joined with Andres Bonifacio and others to form the Katipunan, or "Highest and
Most Respected Society of the Children of the Country." When the Spanish executed Rizal on trumped-up charges
in December of 1896, the Katipunan rallied its followers to war.
Revolution
Emilio Jacinto served as the spokesperson for the Katipunan, as well as handling its finances. Andres Bonifacio
was not well-educated, so he deferred to his younger comrade on such matters. Jacinto wrote for the official
Katipunan newspaper, the Kalayaan. He also penned the official handbook of the movement, called the Kartilya
ng Katipunan. Despite his young age of just 21, Jacinto became a general in the group's guerrilla army, taking an
active role in the fight against the Spanish near Manila.
Unfortunately, Jacinto's friend and sponsor, Andres Bonifacio, had gotten into a heated rivalry with a Katipunan
leader from a wealthy family called Emilio Aguinaldo. Aguinaldo, who led the Magdalo faction of Katipunan,
rigged an election to have himself named president of the revolutionary government. He then had Bonifacio
arrested for treason. Aguinaldo ordered the May 10, 1897 execution of Bonifacio and his brother. The self-
proclaimed president then approached Emilio Jacinto, trying to recruit him to his branch of the organization, but
Jacinto refused.
Emilio Jacinto lived and fought the Spanish in Magdalena, Laguna. He was seriously injured in a battle at the
Maimpis River in February of 1898, but found refuge in the Santa Maria Magdalena Parish Church, which now
boasts a marker noting the event.
Although he survived this wound, the young revolutionary would not live for much longer. He died on April 16,
1898, of malaria. General Emilio Jacinto was just 23 years old.
His life was marked with tragedy and loss, but Emilio Jacinto's enlightened ideas helped to shape the Philippine
Revolution. His eloquent words and humanist touch served as a counter-balance to the blunt ruthlessness of
revolutionaries such as Emilio Aguinaldo, who would go on to become the first president of the new Republic of
the Philippines.
As Jacinto himself put it in the Kartilya, "The worth of a person is not in being a king, not in the shape of his nose
or the whiteness of his face, nor in being a priest, representative of God, nor in the loftiness of the position he
holds on this earth. That person is pure and truly noble, even though he was born in the forest and knows no
language but his own, who is possessed of good character, is true to his word, has dignity and honor, who does
not oppress others nor help their oppressors, who knows how to feel for and care for his native land."
b. EMILIO JACINTO
Author, Michael Charleston “Xiao” Chua, Assistant Professorial Lecturer of History of the De La Salle
University
English translation by Riko Rosete

Emilio Jacinto (December 15,1875 – April 16,1899)

December 15, 1875, Emilio Jacinto was born in Trozo, Manila. Even as children, Emilio
Jacinto and Andres Bonifacio were close as he was nursed by Andres Bonifacio’s mother. At a young age Emilio
Jacinto learned to speak Spanish but this did not hinder his fluency in the Filipino Language. Due to poverty, he
was often dressed in used clothing which were not taken out of hock, making him the subject of many jokes.
Despite his poverty, he was well educated. Jacinto finished primary education in a private school and obtained a
bachelor of arts in Colegio de San Juan de Letran.

The Mind that Guided the Revolution

He was studying law in the University of Santo Tomas in 1894 when he joined the Katipunan at the age of 19. He
took the alias of ‘Pingkian’, which means ‘to strike’ (like you do with a bolo). He became Bonifacio’s closest
advisor, and oversaw the financial affairs of the Katipunan. When Bonifacio and him drafted separate moral
codes which would guide the actions of the revolutionaries, Bonifacio acknowledged Jacinto’s intellect and chose
the younger jacinto’s draft for publication in the Kartilya. The code of conduct showed that a good heart, and
love are needed in order to relieve the suffering of the Filipino people; the true meaning of freedom.
Bolo Sword
Kartilya ng Katipunan (Katipunan Code of Ethics) – by Emilio Jacinto
1. Ang kabuhayang hindi ginugugol sa isang malaki at banal na kadahilanan ay kahoy na walang lilim,
kundi man damong makamandag.
(Life which is not consecrated to a lofty and sacred cause is like a tree without a shadow, if not a poisonous
weed.)
2. Ang gawang magaling na nagbubuhat sa pagpipita sa sarili at hindi sa talagang nasang gumawa ng
kagalingan, ay di kabaitan.
(A good deed that springs from a desire for personal profit and not a desire to do good is not kindness.)
3. Ang tunay na kabanalan ay ang pagkakawang-gawa, ang pag-ibig sa kapwa at ang isukat ang bawat
kilos, gawa’t pangungusap sa talagang Katuwiran.
(True greatness consists in being charitable, in loving one’s fellow men and in adjusting every movement,
deed and word to true Reason.)
4. Maitim man o maputi ang kulay ng balat, lahat ng tao’y magkakapantay; mangyayaring ang isa’y
higtan sa dunong, sa yaman, sa ganda; ngunit di mahihigtan sa pagkatao.
(All men are equal, be the color of their skin black or white. One may be superior to another in knowledge,
wealth, and beauty but cannot be superior in being.)
5. Ang may mataas na kalooban, inuuna ang puri kaysa pagpipita sa sarili; ang may hamak na kalooban,
inuuna ang pagpipita sa sarili kaysa puri.
(He who is noble prefers honor to personal gains; he who is mean prefers personal profit to honor.)
6. Sa taong may hiya, salita’y panunumpa.
(To a man with a sense of shame, his word is inviolate.)
7. Huwag mong sayangin ang panahon; ang yamang nawala’y mangyayaring magbalik; ngunit
panahong nagdaan na’y di na muli pang magdadaan.
(Don’t waste away time; lost riches may be recovered, but time lost will never come again.)
8. Ipagtanggol mo ang inaapi at kabakahin ang umaapi.
(Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.)
9. Ang taong matalino’y ang may pag-iingat sa bawat sasabihin; at matutong ipaglihim ang dapat
ipaglihim.
(An intelligent man is he who is cautious in speech and knows how to keep the secrets that must be
guarded.)
10. Sa daang matinik ng kabuhayan, lalaki ay siyang patnugot ng asawa’t at mga anak; kung ang umaakay
ay tungo sa sama, ang patutunguhan ng inaakay ay kasamaan din.
(In a challenging path of life, the man leads the way and his wife and children follow. If the leader goes
the way of evil, so do the followers.)
11. Ang babae ay huwag mong tingnang isang bagay na libangan lamang, kundi isang katuwang at
karamay sa mga kahirapan nitong kabuhayan; gamitin mo nang buong pagpipitagan ang kanyang
kahinaan at alalahanin ang inang pinagbuhata’t nag-iwi sa iyong kasanggulan.
(Think not of woman as a object merely to while away time but as a helper and partner in the hardships
of life. Respect her in her weakness, and remember the mother who brought you into this world and who
cared for you in your childhood.)
 12. Ang di mo ibig gawin sa asawa mo, anak at kapatid, ay huwag mong gagawin sa asawa, anak at kapatid
ng iba.
(What you do not want done to your wife, daughter and sister, do not do to the wife, daughter and sister
of another.)
13. Ang kamahalan ng tao’y wala sa pagkahari, wala sa tangos ng ilong at puti ng mukha, wala sa pagka-
paring kahalili ng Diyos, wala sa mataas na kalagayan sa balat ng lupa: wagas at tunay na mahal na
tao, kahit laking-gubat at walang nababatid kundi sariling wika; yaong may magandang asal, may
isang pangungusap, may dangal at puri; yaong di napaaapi’t di nakikiapi; yaong marunong
magdamdam at marunong lumingap sa bayang tinubuan.
(The nobility of a man does not consist in being a king, nor in the highness of nose and the whiteness of
the skin, nor in being the priest representing God, nor in the exalted position on this earth, but pure and
truly noble is he who, through born in the woods, is possessed of an upright character; who is true to his
word; who had dignity and honor; who does not oppress and does not help those who oppress; who knows
how to look after and love the land of his birth.)
14. Paglaganap ng mga aral na ito at maningning na sumikat ang araw ng mahal na Kalayaan dito sa
kaaba-abang Sangkapuluan at sabugan ng matamis niyang liwanag ang nangagkaisang magkalahi’t
magkakapatid ng ligayang walang katapusan, ang mga ginugol na buhay, pagod, at mga tiniis na
kahirapa’y labis nang natumbasan.
(When these doctrines spread and the Sun of beloved liberty shines with brilliant effulgence in these
unhappy isles and sheds its soft rays upon the united people and brothers in everlasting happiness, the
lives, labors, and suffering of those who are gone shall be more than recompensed.)

1896 Katipunan seal_of (Punong Hukbo) Commander Emilio Jacinto

Kalayaan
Jacinto became the editor of Kalayaan, the Katipunan’s newspaper. After the first publication, the membership
of the Katipunan rose from 300 to 3,000 members! The effectiveness of the Kalayaan is attributable to its use of
concepts and colloquialisms familiar to the people. In one article, Jacinto wrote the parable of a beautiful woman
appearing before a child in tears. The child asked the woman who she was, and she replied “Because of my
desire, the people have united and have foregone their self-interest only to set their sights on the good of all. My
name is FREEDOM”. Under the nom de guerre Dimas-Ilaw, Jacinto wrote the narrative “Liwanag at Dilim”
(Light and Dark) and the poem “a la Patria”.
Bonifacio’s letter to Emilio Jacinto
The Rise of the Katipunan

When the revolution broke in 1896, Bonifacio and Jacinto led the siege
of Polvorin, San Juan Del Monte. He also disguised himself as a Chinese person in order to help Jose Rizal
escape, which the latter declined. Bonifacio, at that time the president of the “Haring Bayan” (Great nation),
named Jacinto the commander of the Revolution’s Northern Forces. Despite Bonifacio’s death, in Feb. 1898,
Jacinto continued to wage battle in Maimpis, Magdalena, Laguna. He was wounded and caught. In the convent
in Magdalena, he was repeatedly thrown of a staircase, and it is believed that his blood stains the wooden
staircase to this day. He tricked his captors and was able to escape. Following these events, the historian Augusto
de Viana wrote that Jacinto became a beef vendor, and the Bantanguenyo general, Migule Malvar was one of his
beef suppliers. He died of malaria at age 23 on April 16, 1899 in Santa Cruz, laguna. He may have also left a
pregnant lover, Catalina De Jesus. Though he was young, Pingkian played a gigantic role guiding the revolution
and founding the Filipino Nation.
“Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.” Emilio Jacinto

c. Andres Bonifacio’s Decalogue, and the Kartilya ng Katipunan

By: PRESIDENTIAL MUSEUM AND LIBRARY

Sometime in 1896, Andres Bonifacio, the father of the Philippine Revolution, and once the President of the
Supreme Council of the Katipunan, penned the Duties of the Sons of the People, a list of the duties and
responsibilities to be followed strictly by every member of the organization. The rules constituted a decalogue,
and embodied Bonifacio’s passionate beliefs.
In admiration of Emilio Jacinto’s literary style, Bonifacio would later adopt Jacinto’s Kartilya as the official
teachings of the Katipunan. Similar to the Decalogue, the Kartilya was written to introduce new recruits to the
principles and values that should guide every member of the organization.
Context:
According to the three (3) authors on the Content mentioned above, Emilio Jacinto was known as the “Brain of
the Katipunan”, he studied on San Juan De Letran but later moved to the University of Sto. Thomas to study law.
He did not finished and at the age of 19 he joined the Katipunan, where he became the secretary and adviser of
Andres Bonifacio. Jacinto also wrote the newspaper called the Kalayaan where he would use the nickname
“Dimasilaw” as his penname, while he used “Pingkian” in the Katipunan. He also wrote the Kartilya ng Katipunan
which was used as the guides for newly recruited members of the Katipunan in order for them to know the rules,
values and principles of a member of the Katipunan. The first version of the Katipunan was written by Andres
Bonifacio but was revised by Emilio Jacinto, it is said that Andres Bonifacio read Jacinto’s work and made it
official because he liked it. The Kartilya contains 13 lessons that new members of the Katipunan needs to follow.
Even though there are different guidelines in the Kartilya, the essence of these guidelines is to instill the
nationalism and morals of Filipinos by bestowing the spirit of camaraderie, good-will, virtuous living, equality
among its members and every Filipino people.
Part III

Reflection
Personal Journey on RIPH:
My journey in RIPH is quite an amazing rollercoaster of emotions actually. Honestly, every time Monday comes
around I’m always pressured because tomorrow is Tuesday, the day we dread the most because we are always
pressured by the workload we need to do and past on time and the pressure of a surprise quiz that we need to pass
and not to mention that we always have a grades recitation, all of these means me need to be absolutely prepared
but admittedly not all of us are able to comply with such high demand of brain power that a university level
student need to possess and so not all of us are happy with our performance during RIPH because we need to
cover everything that has even a slight hint of connection with the topic at hand, I myself included. Even though
it doesn’t seem like it most of the time but personally I have been humiliated during RIPH every time I need to
participate in a recitation or reporting, have been frustrated because of failed grades I got every quiz on an
occasional basis and is a constant burden to my groupmates. Although they didn’t really say or do these stuff, it
is my view on myself, every time RIPH comes around I feel like my body automatically switched to being an air-
head, I’m humiliated by myself, I’m frustrated at myself and I always thought that I’m just a burden. However,
things are not always gloomy for my during RIPH, especially when the atmosphere in class changed when sir
Ayuro started to connect with us more and started joking around a little bit. I also appreciated the connection it
brought to me with my friends and the way we strategized our way to improving our performance during RIPH
. Honestly, I’m weak when it comes to the Philippine history and it started with the mindset I adopted back when
I was still in elementary, back then I’m unbelievably stressed out due to my slow processing brain and stress only
made it worst, can you imagine that a young kid like me at the time would be stressed? So my friends told me to
find a way to reduce my stress level by focusing more one the important subject rather than take everything on at
once. So I thought I’d focus less on Filipino language and Filipino history to focus more on other subjects. My
reasoning? Well at the time I was so naïve to understand that everything matters, I just told myself “this lesson
would be taught again next school year, I’ll just focus on World History” or “Filipino is spoken every time, I’d
just focus on English” and so as the years past I progressed on other field at the cost of the other. Still I could say
that learning the Filipino history is just like learning the World History only this time I’m dealing with it suddenly
and not gradually like how I did with the World History. RIPH is an emotional Rollercoaster filled with ups and
downs for me, probably more downs that ups and it one of the subjects the I might fail but I just can’t help but
get mixed emotions of positive and negative ones. It’s complicated to explain but one thing is clear for me. RIPH
I enjoyed that time I had, thanks for the memories.

Biophoto
PERSONAL DATA:
Name : Richard Rentoria
Address : #759 Llano Road Myrna Subdivison Caloocan City
Date of Birth : July 15, 2000
Place of Birth : Quezon City General Hospital
Weight : 84 kg
Height : 5’10
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
Tertiary: University of Caloocan City
Senior High: Metro Manila College
Junior High: Llano High School
Primary: Llano Elementary School

References/Bibliography

References:
https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Archaeo/Seal.html
https://filipiknow.net/national-museum-of-the-philippines/#10nbspButuan_Ivory_Seal
https://sites.google.com/site/museumsofthephilippines/gallery/butuan-ivory-seal
https://www.revolvy.com/page/Butuan-Ivory-Seal
https://www.thoughtco.com/emilio-jacinto-of-the-philippines-195646

https://www.bayaniart.com/articles/emilio-jacinto-biography-in-tagalog/

http://malacanang.gov.ph/7013-andres-bonifacios-decalogue-and-the-kartilya-ng-katipunan/