Behaviour of polymers under compression by mounting press

Introduction:
Compressive force occurs when a physical force presses inward on an object, causing
it to become compacted. In this process, the relative positions of atoms and molecules of the
object changes. This change can be temporary or permanent depending on the type of material
receiving the compressive force. There can also be different results depending on the direction or
position on the object that the compressive force is applied.

We use thermoset plastics because if we use thermoplastic, they heat and reshape
again so no effect therefore we use thermoset

Like tension stress/strain curves, compression tests also produce valuable physical
data about a composite material. Instead of placing the sample into load cells and pulling on the
material, it is compressed. Many times the stress vs. strain curve for a compression test will not
mimic the form of a tensional test because the properties which cause a material to perform well
under tension are not the same for compression. Compression tests tend to be characteristic of
the pure polymer, while tension tests are more characteristic of the flaws in the material. A good
example would be polystyrene, a fairly brittle polymer. Under tension, the polymer fails in a
brittle-like fashion, but under compression the material behaves like a ductile polymer with a
yield point and higher elongation till break.

. Recrystallization is a process by which deformed grains are replaced by a new set of defect-
free grains that nucleate and grow until the original grains have been entirely consumed.
Recrystallization is usually accompanied by a reduction in the strength and hardness of a
material and a simultaneous increase in the ductility. Thus, the process may be introduced as a
deliberate step in metals processing or may be an undesirable byproduct of another processing
step. The most important industrial uses are softening of metals previously hardened or rendered
brittle by cold work, and control of the grain structure in the final product.

. For hot die casting, it is 0.7 Tm and for cold die casting it is 0.3 Tm.

. There are three processes. In first process, polymerization occurs. In second process, heat and
give shape . In third process, thermosett degrades and thermoplastic, remelt ( multiple time
processing).

Procedure:
 . We take a sample of polymer that is thermosett plastics.
 . Then we add sample in manual mounting machine. Then we add 2 -3 spoons of bakelite
powder in manual mounting machine for easily gripping of sample.

 . We decrease the viscosity of polymer so they become flowable so it covers the molded
part fully. If it is not flowable so it donot cover edges.
 . Then we apply temperature in the range of 160-170℃ and pressure upto 300atm. We
continuously change the nobe to keep the temperature and pressure constant upto 10 min.
 . After 10 min, we draw out sample and examined.

Note:
On liquid, more pressure applied due to more compressive.
Observations & calculations:
If the M.P temperature is 200℃ then its cooling temperature would be 140℃.

We also know how much charge should be filled.

We know the pressure and temperature. But we have to measure the weight of bakelite that is
4.965g.

Also we find length and diameter of sample.

We will find volume by this formula:

V=πr^2h= 3.26cm^3

Then we find density

ρ = 1.51g/cm^3

Applications of Bakelite:
 This element has a low electrical conductivity and high heat resistance it can be used in
manufacturing electrical switches and machine parts of electrical systems
 Bakelite has been used for making the handles of variety of utensils.
 They are further used for protective purposes as well as in coating industry.
 It was also used in such diverse products as kitchenware, jewellery, pipe stems, and
children's toys.
Result & discussions:
We find the weight of bakelite at constant temperature and pressure at
specific time. Then we find the volume and finally find the density of bakelite sample.
With increase of density , the porosity of sample will decrease.
Conclusion:
We determine the shape of polymer under compression by heating for
polymerization and check the porosity .