Ful Report

Faculty of Business Management
Universiti Teknologi MARA
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (HONS)

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
MGT 648
RESEARCH METHODS
Time Management, Financial and Technology (ICT):

How Far These Challenges Give Impact to the Part Time Students in UiTM Puncak
Alam
PREPARED BY:
Lilis Asyura binti Mohd Yatim 2014717137
PREPARED FOR:
Dr Rozilah Abdul Aziz
Time Management, Financial and Quality Of Life:
How Far These Challenges Give Impact to the Part Time Students in UiTM Puncak Alam
Acknowledgement
Assalamualaikum waramatullahhiwabarakatuh.
With the name of Allah with His Generous and His Faithful, thanks to God because of His Bless
that we has accomplished our research proposal.
Acknowledgements and thanks must go to a numbers people that have helped with the
business plan. All the members of the group, friends and our lecturer, Madam Siti Melinda Binti
Haris have been very helpful in completing the research proposal.
We have been fortunate to have the opportunity to do the research proposal together with a
diverse, help each other and thanks must go for group’s supportive, cooperation, effort, patience
and insights into much of the subject matter in this research proposal.
MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

Human Resource Management
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Declaration
We hereby declare that the work contained in this research proposal is our own except those
which have been duly identified and acknowledged. If we are later found to have committed
plagiarism or other forms of academic dishonesty, action can be taken against us under the
Academic Regulations of UiTM’s.
Signed by:
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Table of contents
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background of the study 4

1.2 Problem statement 5
1.3 Research questions 7
1.4 Research objectives 7
1.5 Definition of terms/ concepts 7
1.6 Significance of the study 8
1.7 Limitation of study 9
Chapter 2: Literature Review & Conceptual Framework
2.1 Introduction 10
2.2 Literature review 11-15
2.3 Conceptual framework 16-19
Chapter 3: Research Design and Methodology
3.1 Research design 20

3.2 Unit of analysis 21
3.3 Sample size 21
3.4 Sampling technique 21
3.5 Measurement/Instrumentation 22
3.6 Data collection 23
3.7 Data analysis 24
Chapter 4: Research Findings
4.1 Introduction 26
4.2 Respondents profile 27
4.3 Findings by objectives
4.3.1 Objective 1: To identify the level of effectiveness of stress management
Among students 32
4.3.2 Objective 2: To identify the technique used by the students to cope with
stress 41
4.3.3 Objective 3: To identify the level of awareness among students toward
Stress management 43
4.3.4 Objective 4: To recommend most effective technique to be applied by
Students to manage 55
Chapter 5: Conclusion & Recommendations
5.1 Conclusion 61
5.2 Recommendations
5.2.1 To the UiTM 64
5.2.2 To the students 65
References
Appendix A [questionnaire]

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Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter one consists of 1.1 Business of study and followed by problem statement, research
objective and research question are developed in point 1.3 and 1.4. The definition of research is
an objective and systematic scientific inquiry or investigation into a specific problem that needs a
solution. It’s provides the needed information that guides managers to make informed decisions
to successfully deal with the problems. Business research means “the systematic and objective
process of gathering, recording, and analyzing data for aid in making business decision”, or “a
systematic inquiry that provides information to guide business decisions”.
The process of formulating a research problem consists of a number of steps. Working through
these steps presupposes a reasonable level of knowledge in the broad subject area within which
the study is to be undertaken and the research methodology. A problem statement is a concise
note explaining the problem or issue to address the need for research or further investigation. A
problem statement will outline the basic facts of the problem and explain why the problem
matters. Then it has continued with significant of study, definition of terms and it is being the
end with limitation of this study.
Generally stress is an adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or

threatening to the person’s wellbeing. As we shall see, stress is the person’s reaction to a
situation, not the situation itself. Moreover, we experience stress when something is perceived
to interfere with our wellbeing- that is, with our need fulfillment.
We often hear about stress as a negative consequence of modern living. People are stressed
from overwork, job security, information overload and the increasing pace of life. Stress is

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present in everyone’s lives. It is the type of stress and how it is managed which make the
differences in creating positive or negative consequences.
People can learn to recognize the symptoms of stress and how to manage it productively. Thus
in our research, we found that there are differences between individuals who know about how to
deal with stress and with those who does not know what to do when they face stress.
Stress is a part of day-to-day living of every individual. The college students may experience
stress in meeting the academic demands, people on the job, business men may suffer stress to
reach office in time and to complete the projects on time and even the house hold ladies may
experience stress in managing the home affairs and to look for the maid servant. The reasons
for the stress differ from person to person. The stress people experience should not be
necessarily treated as harmful. An optimum amount of stress can always act as an energizer or
motivator and propel people to apply the efforts and complete the work. But a high level of
Stress can be a serious threat to the personality traits of the Individual and can cause
physiological and social problems.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

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1.2 Problem statement
Based on our conducted research towards UiTM students to know how they deal with their
stress. It is also to investigate and research on how stress management plays an important role
in an individual’s life; how it influences the individuals and affects the choices they make in their
everyday life. Our study also covers on how a stress management structure works like and how
it is organized. This study also emphasizes on how even in today’s generation where there is
the presence effectiveness of stress management, the individuals apply to overcome the
stresses in their daily lives.
Virtually no one feels free from stress and each of us defines stress somewhat differently
(Youngs, 1986). Studying can be as stressful as working. However, stress in learning is also a
subjective phenomenon. For some students, making a presentation in front of the class is not
stressful while, for others, it is the end of the world. Some students consider quizzes as good
challenges to their potential while others find them hard to handle. In other words, how one
labels, interprets, thinks about and reacts to events in one's life has a lot to do with determining
whether those events are stressful (Corey & Corey, 1997).
Moreover, students who prepare themselves for such events are most likely to experience less
stress than those who fail to do so. The list of stressors is endless. Research conducted by Ida
Hartina Ahmed Tharbe (2003) using the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (Holmes & Rahe,
1967) on 58 subjects dentified several changes in lifestyle as the cause of stress for students.
Among the changes are: the change in eating habit (66 %), change in sleeping and living habit
(64 %), change in social activities and change in financial status (50%).

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Cases that we found from internet are like below:
The case that we found in Malaysia:
Impact Getting ‘A’-18/01/2008, Utusan Malaysia Online. One Indian girl, Subashini a/p
Sivakumar, found dead with the rope around her neck hanging in her room, the reason of her
death is because she failed to get straight 4A’s in UPSR, 2007. It shows that if students target is
not relevant with her ability, it will cause stress and lead to the unreasonable action.
Commit suicide- Society must aware towards the environment-2006, Utusan Malaysia
Online. One Chinese boy, 20 years old, University Science Malaysia(USM) student found death
hanging on the fan. It is because he feel depressed and cannot cope with the new environment
in campus. People around him make him give up and does not have self confident anymore.
Student disappointed with the SPM result-14 March 2006, Mesra Forum. One malay girl
from Kangar jump over from the third floor because of the bad SPM result. She always think
about the result and after that she cannot accept and having depressed. But her father had
advise her to do not always think about the result.

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1.3 Research questions
We will distribute our questionnaires to the respondents and these are some questions that will
be asked. The questions are only as draft to guide us before we prepare a well-prepared
questionnaire to be given to the respondents.
i. What is the level of effectiveness of stress management among students?

ii. How do the students cope with stress?
iii. Do the students aware about stress management?
iv. What are the effective techniques applied by the students?
1.4 Research objectives
Specific
1. To identify the level of effectiveness of stress managements among students.
2. To identify the technique used by the students to cope with stress.
3. To identify the level of awareness among students toward stress management.
4. To recommend most effective technique to be applied by students to manage
1.5 Scope of the study
The study itself reflects about the stress and how the Higher Learning Institution students deal
with stress in their daily lives. By knowing how they cope with the stress will be as our sources
in our research study. Our respondents towards our research study will be the UiTM Kampus
Alor Gajah students.

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1.6 Significance of the study
1.6.1 To the UiTM

UiTM’s Vision is to establish UiTM as a premier university of outstanding scholarship and
academic excellence capable of providing leadership to Bumiputeras’ dynamic involvement in
all professional fields of world-class standards can be achieved. Academically became more
productive when the students effectively use the stress management approaches.
The significance of this study may lead to UiTM to provide quality and innovative programmes of
study relevant with the policies of national development. Thus, when stress management is
effective on the students, it creates maximum opportunities for UiTM itself to pursue
professional programmes, research work and community service based on moral values and
professional ethics. (http://www.uitm.edu.my)
1.6.2 To the students

It is important to know about stress management especially when the globalization has take
place nowadays. For UiTM students to be excellent, they will have to know how to deal about
themselves so that they can get along with the flow and being calm whatever happens. Our
research to make a deeper study in stress management, getting knowledge about stress
management and able to distinguish the differences of people who apply the stress
management and with those who does not apply it is also a significance in the research for us.

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1.7 Definition of terms/concepts
1.7.1 Stress is a state of tension experienced by individuals facing extraordinary demands,

constraint, or opportunities.
1.7.2 Stress management is the ability to help oneself and others prevent or cope with stress
and maintain personal wellness.
1.7.3 Attitudes are predispositions to respond in a positive or negative way to someone or

something in your environment.
1.7.4 Effectiveness is an output of specific review/analyses that measure the quality of the
achievement of a specific educational goal or the degree to which a higher education institution
can be expected to achieve specific requirements.
1.7.5. Higher Learning Institution refers to a level of education that is provided by universities,
vocational universities, community colleges, liberal arts colleges, institutes of technology and
other collegiate level institutions, such as vocational schools, trade schools and career colleges,
that award academic degrees or professional certifications.
1.7.6 UiTM is a higher learning institution in Malaysia establish for Bumiputera only and it
stands for University Technology MARA.

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1.7.7 Students refer to people or whoever enrolled classes in any institution in purpose to
enhance their knowledge.
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Introduction
The most commonly accepted definition of stress (mainly attributed to Richard S Lazarus) is that
stress is a condition or feeling experienced when a person perceives that “demands exceed the
personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize.” In short, it's what we feel when
we think we've lost control of events.
Hans Selye was one of the founding fathers of stress research. His view in 1956 was that
“stress is not necessarily something bad – it all depends on how you take it. The stress of
exhilarating, creative successful work is beneficial, while that of failure, humiliation or infection is
detrimental.” Selye believed that the biochemical effects of stress would be experienced
irrespective of whether the situation was positive or negative.
Since then, a great deal of further research has been conducted, and ideas have moved on.
Stress is now viewed as a "bad thing", with a range of harmful biochemical and long-term
effects. These effects have rarely been observed in positive situations.

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2.2 Literature Review

2.2.1 Stress Management
According to Hans Selye, the discoverer of stress research defines it as ‘the nonspecific
response of the body to any demand made upon it’. Nonspecific response can best be
understood by first considering specific responses. Selye sees each demand made upon the
body as unique, that is, specific. Stress is an adaptive response to a situation that is perceived
as challenging or threatening to the person’s wellbeing. 1Stress also is the person’s reaction to a
situation, not the situation itself. Moreover, we experience stress when something is perceived
to interfere with our wellbeing which is with our need fulfillment.
Stress is triggered not by the external problems faced by individuals, but by the way they cope
with those problems. Thus, most people can cope with a variety of pressures in their life, and
many seem to thrive on ‘pressure’, especially on work. However, once individuals fail to deal
adequately with pressure, then symptoms of stress appear.
Virtually no one feels free from stress and each of us defines stress somewhat differently.
Studying can be as stressful as working. However, stress in learning is also a subjective
phenomenon. For some students, making a presentation in front of the class is not stressful
while, for others, it is the end of the world. Some students consider quizzes as good challenges
1 Steven McShane, Tony Travaglione, Organizational Behaviour on The Pacific Rim, 2003

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to their potential while others find them hard to handle. In other words, how one labels,
interprets, thinks about and reacts to events in one's life has a lot to do with determining
whether those events are stressful.2
When you are stressed, your body responds as though you are in danger. It makes hormones
that speed up your heart, make you breathe faster, and give you a burst of energy. This is called
the fight-or-flight stress response. Some stress is normal and even useful. Stress can help if you
need to work hard or react quickly.
For example, it can help you win a race or finish an important job on time. But if stress happens
too often or lasts too long, it can have bad effects. It can be linked to headaches, an upset
stomach, back pain, and trouble sleeping. It can weaken your immune system, making it harder
to fight off disease. If you already have a health problem, stress may make it worse. It can make
you moody, tense, or depressed. Your relationships may suffer, and you may not do well at
work or school.3
There are some agreement among the researchers and the managers that excessive stress can
diminish the health and quality of work life of employees. Less agreement exists regarding the
effects of stress on the organizational effectiveness. While some researchers note that the
different stressors can at times under certain circumstances, result in higher performance and
lower absenteeism.
The reality is that stess is neither good or bad. There are optimal levels of stress at work and in
life. This issues is not one of presence or absence, but rather of the nature, intensity and
duration of stress and the resources available to respond to it. Acording to Stephen B. Robbins,
stress is the dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity,
constraint, or demand related to what he or she desires and for which the outcome is perceived
to be both uncertain and important.
2 Corey & Corey,1997

3http://health.yahoo.com/stress-overview/stress-management/healthwise--rlxsk.html

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Stress also known as a state of tension experienced by individual facing extraordinary

demands, constraint or opportunities.
Symptoms of stress are typically analyzed under three headings which are physiological,
psychological, and behavioral. The first symptoms are physiological. In addition, to short-term
reactions such as increased heart beat, tensed muscles, and extra adrenalin secretion which
are a human being’s instinctive reaction to danger, the chronic effect of stress are associated
with such unhealthy conditions as coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, indigestion,
gastric ulcers, back paint and even cancer. Stress is also likely to be manifested in least serious
infections, allergies, and psycho disorder.
Psychological is a symptoms of stress tend to become manifest in anxiety states and

depression in a chronic situation. In least serious cases, stress emerges in the form of tension,
irritability, boredom, and job dissatisfaction. The last symptoms are behavioural. It is ultimately
the psychological and physiological symptoms that lead to generalized changes in behaviour
such as loss of appetite, increased cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, and
sleeplessness. In college behavior, may take the forms of increase absences, committing more
errors than normal, and taking longer over tasks.4
Stress management is the ability to help oneself and others prevent of cope with stress and
maintain personal wellness. It is a technique to maintain the level of stress that is best for an
individual. By takes an active approach to deal with stress that is influencing behavior they can
manage their stress. 5 There are several ways in coping with the stress such as relaxation
technique, time management, physical exercise and social support technique. Subsequently,
awareness is the process by which you observe your thoughts and become aware of what is
going through your head. Awareness helps you to understand the negative thinking, unpleasant
memories and misinterpretation of situations that may interfere with your performance and
damage your self-confidence.
4 G. A. Cole, Management Theory and Practice, 2004

5 Wood, Wallace, Zeffane, Schermerhorn, Hunt and Osborn, Organisational Behaviour An Asia-Pacific
Perspective,1998

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2.2.2 Stress Management Technique
Relaxation technique In the deep relaxation condition, one feels physically relaxed, somewhat
detached from the immediate environment, and usually even detached from body sensations. It
involves a feeling of voluntary and comfortable abandonment of one’s conscious control and
stewardship over major body functions. A relaxation technique also is any method, process,
procedure, or activity that helps a person to relax and to attain a state of increased calmness; or
otherwise reduce levels of anxiety, stress or tension. Relaxation techniques are often employed
as one element of a wider stress management program and can decrease muscle tension,
lower the blood pressure and slow heart and breathe rates, among other health benefits.
Relaxation technique such as progressive relaxation, yoga and Transcendental Meditation rely
on the idea that relaxation of the major voluntary muscle reduce anxiety levels.
Time management is good time-management skills are critical for effective stress control. In
particular, learning to prioritize tasks and avoid over-commitment are critical measures to make
sure that you're not overscheduled. Always using a calendar or planner, and checking it
faithfully before committing to anything, is one way to develop time-management skills. . An
inability to manage tie can result in over commitment, a lack of planning and missed deadlines.
Strictly speaking, one does not manage time as such, in that time moves at its own rate and is

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not subject to any effort to manipulate it. Time management specialists have developed a
number of useful techniques for gaining control over one’s work life which are time log,
structuring time and make a list. First is to develop a time log. By jotting down the events that
occur in typical day with the time required for each activity, it is possible to learn where one’s
time is being spent. Second is structuring time. One can gain greater control over one’s life by
structuring the day so that time wasters are blocked or eliminated. Lastly is making a list where
we need to prepare a list of ‘things to do’.
Physical exercise not only promotes overall fitness, but it helps to manage emotional stress
and tension as well. Medical science has shown that the physiological and biochemical changes
resulting from exercise act positively to reduce the effets of stress (Hunsaker,1986)For one
thing, exercise can emotionally remove one temporarily from a stressful environment or
situation. Being fit and healthy also increases your ability to deal with stress as it arises.
The exercise program at the Boston Federal Reserve Bank is not really that unusual these days
as method of decreasing stress in harried managers, or just about any employee. Excellent
scenes of such a facility at the Cardio-fitness center in the McGraw-Hill building in New York are
included in the CRM/McGraw-Hill film, Stress. Over one half with probably respond that they do.
According to sale management consultant, Gerard Fisher, reported several years ago, (U.S.
News and world Report, Nov. 6, 1978) that among the fortune 500 companies, its common to
find such things as exercise rooms, meditation periods, and biofeedback machines.
Biofeedback machines can be kept right on a manager’s desk to allow testing of stress levels
right after various activities, sale meeting, or talking on the phone with angry customers. After
learning what events cause the most stress, the manager can device way of calming down, like
lying back in the chair for a moment and closing his or her eyes. The manager can also begin to
design ways to reduce those kinds of stress in the future.6
6Phillip L. Hunsaker, Curtis W. Cook, Managing Organizational Behavior, 1986

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Social support technique refers People with strong social support systems experience fewer
physical and emotional symptoms of stress than their less-connected counterparts. Loved ones,
friends, business associates, neighbors, and even pets are all part of our social networks.
Cultivating and developing a social support network is healthy for both body and mind.
Refer to the case of The Best Gif for a Secretary: An Electrocardiogram. This case dramatizes
what happens to many other types of employees, in addition to the secretaries, who find
themselves stuck in dead end jobs or working for Type A bosses with constant time deadlines.
Secretaries, however, do quite often become the scapegoats for stress-carrying managers to
dump their hostilities on and delegate their problems too. Multitude seminars for “Handling
Secretarial Stress,’’ are increasingly being offered throughout the country.
2.3 Conceptual Framework
Independent variables
Relaxation technique
Dependent variables
Effectiveness of stress
management
Time management

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Physical exercise
Social support technique refers
2.3.1 Independent Variable

2.3.1.1 Relaxation technique
Deep relaxation is a highly specific neurological state of the body. An individual cannot reach
this state merely sitting or lying down quietly. It requires a specific mental approach. In the deep
relaxation condition, one feels physically relaxed, somewhat detached from the immediate
environment, and usually even detached from body sensations. It involves a feeling of voluntary
and comfortable abandonment of one’s conscious control and stewardship over major body
functions. One’s mental activity in the deep relaxation state can range from controlled
concentration on positive images or messages, to drifting free association, to the “neutral
silence” characteristic of meditation. Deep relaxation is profoundly restful condition. People who
enter this state for 15 to 20 minutes open their eyes later feeling a pronounced sense of
peacefulness and release from all tension. Most people also report feelings of optimistic
cheerfulness, kindliness toward and acceptance of others and general good humor.
Physiologists also report dramatic changes in certain key body measurements such as heart
rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, and skin temperature. (Callahan,1986)

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2.3.1.2 Time management

Time management is good time-management skills are critical for effective stress control. In
particular, learning to prioritize tasks and avoid over-commitment are critical measures to make
sure that you're not overscheduled. Always using a calendar or planner, and checking it
faithfully before committing to anything, is one way to develop time-management skills. An
inability to manage tie can result in over commitment, a lack of planning and missed deadlines.
Strictly speaking, one does not manage time as such, in that time moves at its own rate and is
not subject to any effort to manipulate it. Time management specialists have developed a
number of useful techniques for gaining control over one’s work life which are time log,
structuring time and make a list. First is to develop a time log. By jotting down the events that
occur in typical day with the time required for each activity, it is possible to learn where one’s
time is being spent. Second is structuring time. One can gain greater control over one’s life by
structuring the day so that time wasters are blocked or eliminated. Lastly is make a list where
we need to prepare a list of ‘things to do’.
2.3.1.3 Physical exercise

One of the reasons why exercise is so popular today is that it is an effective means of emotion-
focused coping. Jogging, aerobics, swimming, tennis, and walking are just a few of the types of
exercise that employees ranging from entry-level of ages use to cope with stressors in an
emotion-focused way. Regular exercise can reduce stress, improve cardiovascular functioning,
and enhance well-being. Many physicians believe that the single most important indicator of
health is cardiovascular activities such as jogging, walking, bicycling and swimming. In a study
of the effects of exercise, middle-aged men were divided into two groups, exercisers who
completed a jogging program and exercisers. Both groups were tested before and after
experiencing three emotions: anxiety, depression and hostility. The exercisers showed
significantly greater reductions in all three stress emotions as compared to the non-exercise
group.
2.3.1.4 Social support technique

People naturally seek help from others-social support- when they are having problems or feeling
stressed. The social support of friends, relatives, co-workers, or other people who care about
you and are available to disscuss problems, give advise, or just be with you can be an effective

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means of emotion-focused coping. Both the number of people you can turn to and the quality of
the relationship you have with those people are important in helping to alleviate stress7
2.3.2 Dependent Variable

2.3.2.1. Effectiveness of Stress Management
Stress, or the bodily reactions and response to emergency or difficult situations, is a natural
instinct that is embedded within all individuals in this world. A small dose of stress not only helps
the body in functioning perfectly, but also enables an individual to be most creative and efficient
at work when in stress. However, when stress becomes too much, the body reacts in an
extremely negative manner, leading to numerous disorders and diseases, besides disrupting
normal functioning and activities of life.
To help counter such effects of stress, Stress Management Therapy exists. Stress Management
Therapy refers to the techniques employed by psychiatrists, doctors, and therapists, besides
others, who help stressed individuals to relieve their stress, tensions, and resume their lives in a
normal, stress-free way. Extreme bodily reactions to extreme levels of stress can not only
hamper one’s professional life, but also disrupt the social and personal life of an individual.
Besides, personal problems, extreme stress also different physiological and psychological
7 Jennifer M. George, Gareth R. Jones: Understanding and Managing Organizational Behavior,

Fourth Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey: 2005

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disorders in the body such as anxiety, chronic headaches, depression, withdrawal symptoms,
nausea, phobias, blood pressure, heart impairments, and many more.
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research design
Research design is the framework or blueprint for conducting the research project. It specified
the detail procedures necessary for obtaining the information needed to answer research
questions and solve the research problems.
Due to the nature of the study is quantitative research. By using these data, it can help us in
providing the number of UiTM’s students that may involve in our research and also provide us
with the insight and more understanding of the phenomena. Quantitative data are those data
that take numerical values such as monthly income, age, number of students in class and also
the distances. The data that can considered as quantitative data is through questionnaires given
to the students.

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In addition, the data or information that we are collected can be divided into two which is primary
data and secondary data. Primary data is the data that originated by a researcher for the
specific purpose of addressing the problem at hand and the primary data that we use in this
research project is through questionnaire. On the other hand, the secondary data is the data
that already collected for other purposes than the problem in hand. In this research project, the
secondary data that involve is such as journals, books, reports and newspapers. The sources of
the data that we gather are from the library and also from the internet web site.
3.2 Unit of analysis
The unit of analysis that we use in our research project are based on UiTM students is individual
in order to gathered data from them.
3.3 Sample size
A sample is a sub-group of the target population that the researcher plans to study for the
purpose of making generalizations about the target population. However, the population is a
group of individuals that comprise the same characteristics.
Based on our research project, the population that we use is 6420 students of UiTM Malacca.
But, the sample size that we use is 100 KAG students as it consists of 5% of the whole student

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in UiTM. Our sample is all the students in UiTM from various faculties here, which are Faculty
of Communication and Media Studies, Faculty of Education, Faculty of Office Management,
Faculty of Hotel Management & Tourism, Faculty of Business Studies, Faculty of Accounting,
Faculty of Administrative Science & Policy Studies, Faculty of Art & Design and Faculty of
Information Technology & Mathematics.
3.4 Sampling technique
Sampling is the process of selecting the right individuals, objects or events of study. The
sampling technique we use in our research project is simple random sampling. Non-probability
sampling is the selection of participant because they are available, convent or represent some
characteristic that we want to study. The type of non-probability sampling that we use in this
research is convenient sampling. Convenient sampling is the collection of information from
members of the population who are conveniently available to provide it. It means we distribute
the questionnaire to 100 respondents who are available to provide the information for our
research.

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3.5 Measurement/Instrumentation
Instrument is a tool for measuring, observing or documenting quantitative data.
Objectives Concepts/constructs Measurement
To study the level of effectiveness Effectiveness is a measure of the extent to The level of stress am
1 of stress managements among which an organization achieves the
students. purpose for which it exists.
2 To identify the technique used by The ways that students can be use is The method use by th
the students to cope with stress relaxation technique, physical technique, the stress
time management and social support.
3 To identify the level of awareness Definition level of awareness the state or The level of aware
among students towards stress level of consciousness where sense data towards stress manag
management can be confirmed by an observer and the
awareness of one type of idea naturally
fosters an awareness of another idea
To recommend most effecting The technique used by students in order The factors that contr
4. technique to be applied by student to handle stress.
to manage.
3.6 Data collection
Data collection is the process for collecting research data or information. Besides that, in
research it is also involve the collection of the new data. Usually, the collection of research data
is based on the nature of the research. For example, in our research project we collect the data
based on the students that have been involve in stress and how they manage the stress.
We collect the data using survey research which is the instrument is based on questionnaires.
We have designed the questionnaires based on our title of the research project. The
questionnaires are designed to get feedback from the students regarding the on the Students
Perception Towards the Effectiveness on Stress Management among the students. The
questionnaires will be distributed to 100 students in UiTM Malacca from various faculties and
their feedback will be as they prove to our research. The data that we collected is considered as
a primary data because we design the question that will be distributed to the students. It means
we use the questionnaires for a specific purpose in addressing the problem at hand.
3.7 Data analysis

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Objectives Variable/s Measurement Scale Statistics

To study the level of Definition of stress Level of stress 5 Likert scale Frequency,
effectiveness of management ability percentage
stress management to help oneself and
others prevent or
cope with stress
and maintain
personal wellness.
To identify the Relaxation Methods use by the Nominal Frequency,

technique used by technique, Time students in percentage
the students to cope management managing the stress
with stress. technique, Physical
exercise, and
Social support
technique
To identify the level Definition of Level of awareness Nominal Frequency,
of awareness among awareness is the towards stress percentage
students towards state or level of management
stress management. consciousness
where sense data
can be confirmed
by an observer and
the awareness of
one type of idea
naturally fosters an
awareness of
another idea
Diploma in Public Administration

PAD340: Research Proposal for Project Paper 26 / 70
Project Paper
To recommend most Definition of Numbers of students Nominal Frequency,

effective technique students who apply stress percentage
to be applied by performance is the management.
student to manage student
achievement in
academic aspects.

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Chapter 4: Research Findings
4.1 Introduction
This chapter will discuss about our findings base on the questionnaires that we have distribute
among the students in UiTM Campus Alor Gajah. Our findings were base on the research
objective of our research. The research was about A Study on the Students Perception toward
the Effectiveness of Stress Management Technique among Students. The research findings are
conducted in order to ensure that all the objectives of our research is achieve.

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4.2 Respondent Profile
4.2.1 Respondent Profile base on Gender
Frequency Table
Gender
Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative

Percent Percent
Valid Male 44 54.3 54.3 54.3
Female 37 45.7 45.7 100.0
Total 81 100.0 100.0
Graph
Based on the table above show the gender of our respondents that is the student in UiTM
Campus Alor gajah Malacca. It shows that 54.3% of our male respondents was are 44
students. On the other hand, 45.7% is the female that is 37 students.

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4.2.2 Respondent Profile Base on Faculty
Frequency Table
Faculty
Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative

Percent Percent
Valid Accounting 15 18.5 18.5 18.5
Education 2 2.5 2.5 21.0
Administration
Science & 12 14.8 14.8 35.8
Policy Studies
Business
7 8.6 8.6 44.4
Studies
Art & Design 6 7.4 7.4 51.9
Information
Techonology & 5 6.2 6.2 58.0
Mathematic
Hotel
Management & 5 6.2 6.2 64.2
Tourism
Communication
& Media 23 28.4 28.4 92.6
Studies
Office
6 7.4 7.4 100.0
Management
Total 81 100.0 100.0

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Graph
Based on the bar chart below indicate our respondents according to their faculty in UiTM
Campus Malacca. It can be seen that the highest respondents based on the faculty were from
Faculty of Communication and Media Studies that is 28.4% or 23 students. Following with it is
Faculty of Accounting that is 18.5% or 15 students, Faculty of Administration Science and Policy
Studies 14.8% that is 12 students, Faculty of Business Studies 8.6% that is 7 students. Both
Faculty of art and Design and Faculty of office Management each indicate 7.4% that is 6
students for each faculty. For Faculty of Information Technology and Mathematic and Faculty of
Hotel Management and Tourism each get 6.2% that is 5 students. The lowest percentage
respondents come from The Faculty of Education that is 2.5% or just 2 students of our
respondents.
4.2.3 Respondent Profile base on Part
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Frequency Table
Part
Frequen Percent Valid Cumulativ

cy Percent e Percent
Valid 1 27 33.3 33.3 33.3
2 5 6.2 6.2 39.5
3 11 13.6 13.6 53.1
4 10 12.3 12.3 65.4
5 11 13.6 13.6 79.0
6 17 21.0 21.0 100.0
Total 81 100.0 100.0
Graph
Based on the table and bar chart above shows the percentages and frequency of our
respondents based on their part from Part 1 to Part 6. It can be seen that from the bar chart that
the highest percentages of our respondents come from Part 1 that is 27% or 33 students
followed with Part 6 that is Part 6 for 21.0% or 17 students. The students from Part 3 and Part 5
each indicate 13.6% or 11 students. Respondents from Part 4 indicate 12.3% or 10 students
and the lowest percentage of our respondents based on part comes from Part 2 that is 6.2% or
5 students.

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4.2.4 Respondent Profile base on CGPA
Frequency Table
CGPA
Frequen Percent Valid Cumulativ

cy Percent e Percent
Valid 2.00 -
20 24.7 24.7 24.7
3.00
Above
34 42.0 42.0 66.7
3.00
Not
Availabl 27 33.3 33.3 100.0
e
Total 81 100.0 100.0
Graph
Based on the table and bar chart indicate of our respondent’s base on their CGPA. The highest
percentages of their CGPA above3.00 was 42.0% or 34 students followed with 33.3% were not
available that were the students from Part 1 that is newly students. The lowest percentages of
the CGPA were 24.7% that is 20 students on the 2.00-3.00 of their CGPA.

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4.3 Findings by Objectives
4.3.1 Objective 1: To identify the level of effectiveness of stress management among

students.
4.3.1.1 I think stress management is very effective to be practiced by students.
Frequency table
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid Strongly
disagree 2 2.5 2.5 2.5
Disagree
2 2.5 2.5 4.9
Neither agree
nor disagree
15 18.5 18.5 23.5
Agree
37 45.7 45.7 69.1
Strongly
agree 25 30.9 30.9 100.0
Total
81 100.0 100.0
Graph
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The table shows that 45.7 percent of the students agree that the stress management is very
effective to be practiced by students with 37 out of 81 respondents. Thus, the strongly agree
also get high percent which is 30.9 percent with 25 frequency. The strongly disagree and
disagree get the similar percent, which is only 2.5 percent. Both strongly disagree and disagree
have same frequency which is 2. It shows that majority of the students agree the stress
management to be practiced by students.
4.3.1.2 If I'm under stressful condition, I would definitely practice stress

management technique

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Frequency table

Percent
Valid Strongly
2 2.5 2.5 2.5
disagree
Disagree 4 4.9 4.9 7.4
Neither
agree nor 36 44.4 44.4 51.9
disagree
Agree 31 38.3 38.3 90.1
Strongly
8 9.9 9.9 100.0
agree
Total 81 100.0 100.0

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Next, the higher percent which is 44.4 percent with 36 frequency shows that certain students
neither agree nor disagree practice stress management technique when they under stressful
conditions. But the percentage of agree and strongly agree when practice stress management
technique if they under stressful condition shows higher, which is 38.3 percent with 31
respondents and 9.9 percent with 8 respondents compare to strongly disagree and disagree
which is only 2.5 percent and 4.9 percent. Only 2 respondents strongly disagree and 4
respondents disagree. It can be explain that most of the students definitely agree practice stress
management technique if they under stressful condition.

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4.3.1.3 In my opinion, stress management technique cannot help in reducing stress

among students
Frequency Table

Percent
Valid Strongly
13 16.0 16.0 16.0
disagree
Disagree 27 33.3 33.3 49.4
Neither
agree nor 30 37.0 37.0 86.4
disagree
Agree 8 9.9 9.9 96.3
Strongly
3 3.7 3.7 100.0
agree
Total 81 100.0 100.0

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Graph
The frequency table proves that neither agree nor disagree stated that the highest percent
which is 37.0 percent with 30 frequency. The percent also shows that the students agree that
the stress management technique cannot help in reducing stress among students. The strongly
agree stated only 3.7 percent with 3 frequency and 9.9 percent agree with only 8 frequency. In
contrast, most of students disagree with 33.3 percent which is 27 respondents and strongly
disagree 16 percent with 13 respondents. It shows that the stress management technique help
in reducing stress among students.

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4.3.1.4 Even though I get enough sleep but I still having stress especially during
examination
Frequency Table

Percent
Valid Strongly
2 2.5 2.5 2.5
disagree
Disagree
11 13.6 13.6 16.0
Neither agree
nor disagree 19 23.5 23.5 39.5
Agree
29 35.8 35.8 75.3
Strongly
20 24.7 24.7 100.0
agree
Total
81 100.0 100.0

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Graph
This table explains that 29 respondents with 35.8 percent of the students agree even though
they get enough sleep but they still have stress especially during examination. The second
highest is 24.7 percent with 20 respondents strongly agree having stress especially during
examination even though they get enough sleep. The neither agree nor disagree find 23.5
percent with 19 respondents. Only 2 respondents strongly disagree with 2.5 percent and 11
respondents disagree with 13.6 percent. It shows that majority of the students agree that even
though they get enough sleep but they still having stress especially during examination.

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4.3.1.5 I definitely know the benefit of practicing stress management
Frequency Table

Percent
Valid Strongly
4 4.9 4.9 4.9
disagree
Disagree 13 16.0 16.0 21.0
Neither
agree nor 31 38.3 38.3 59.3
disagree
Agree 24 29.6 29.6 88.9
Strongly
9 11.1 11.1 100.0
agree
Total 81 100.0 100.0
Graph

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Based on the table, the highest percent which is 38.3 percent is neither agrees nor disagrees
with 31 respondents. The second highest is 29.6 percent with 24 respondents agree and
strongly agree get less percents which is 11.1 percent with 9 respondents. Then, only 4
respondents strongly disagree with 4.9 percent and 13 respondents disagree with 16 percent. It
shows that most of the students definitely know the benefit of practicing stress management.
4.3.2Objective 2:
To identify the technique used by the students to cope with stress
4.3.2.1 Technique used by students

Frequency Table
Technique used by students
Freque Perce Valid Cumulative Percent

ncy nt Percent
Valid Relaxation
37 45.7 45.7 45.7
technique
Time
9 11.1 11.1 56.8
Management
Physical exercise 9 11.1 11.1 67.9

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Social support
26 32.1 32.1 100.0
technique
Total 81 100.0 100.0
Graph

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Based on the table and bar chart above, it is shows the techniques use by students to cope with
stress. The techniques are relaxation technique, time management, physical exercise and social
support technique. The highest technique use by students is relaxation technique which
indicates 45.7% that equal to 27 students. The second highest technique use by students is
social support technique which is 32.1% that equal to 26 students. The lowest technique use by
students are time management and physical exercise which is 11.1% each that equal to 9
students.
4.3.3 Objective 3:
To identify the level of awareness among students toward stress
management
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4.3.3.1 I definitely know about stress management technique
Frequency Table
I definitely know about stress management technique.

Percent
Valid Strongly
6 7.4 7.4 7.4
disagree
Disagree
15 18.5 18.5 25.9
Neither agree
nor disagree 31 38.3 38.3 64.2
Agree
22 27.2 27.2 91.4
Strongly agree
7 8.6 8.6 100.0
Total
81 100.0 100.0
Graph

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Based on the bar chart below shows the percentages of respondents definitely know about
stress management technique. It can be seen that 38.3% of the respondent which represent
31 students neither agree nor disagree know about stress management but we can see that the
respondent that agree on definitely know about stress management technique indicate 27.2%
with 22 number of student. The bar skewed and shows that most of the respondents are agreed
on they definitely know about stress management technique. The third highest showed in the
bar chart is there is 18.5% of students know about stress management technique which it
consist of 15 number of student. Next is there is 7 students strongly agree know about the
stress management technique which it indicates 8.6% as showed in the bar chart. Only 7.4%
that strongly disagree on definitely know about the stress management technique.
4.3.3.2 I practice stress management technique whenever I’m in stress.
Frequency Table

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I practice stress management technique whenever I'm in stress

Percent
Valid Strongly
7 8.6 8.6 8.6
disagree
Disagree 10 12.3 12.3 21.0
Neither
agree nor 36 44.4 44.4 65.4
disagree
Agree 25 30.9 30.9 96.3
Strongly
3 3.7 3.7 100.0
agree
Total 81 100.0 100.0
Graph

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The bar chart shows that students practice stress management technique whenever they’re in
stress. The highest is 44% with 36 number of students neither agree nor disagree in practicing
stress management whenever they’re in stress. We can see that 30.9% which 25 students
agree and the third highest is disagree with 10 students indicates 12.3% as showed in the bar
chart in students practice stress management technique whenever they’re in stress. Next is 7
students strongly disagree in practice stress management technique when they’re in stress
indicates 8.6%. Lastly, only 3 students strongly agree in practice stress management technique
which it presents 3.7% in the bar chart above.
4.3.3.3 Stress management techniques give benefits to reduce my stress
Frequency Table

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Stress management techniques give benefits to reduce my stress

Percent
Valid Strongly
2 2.5 2.5 2.5
disagree
Disagree 8 9.9 9.9 12.3
Neither
agree nor 28 34.6 34.6 46.9
disagree
Agree 36 44.4 44.4 91.4
Strongly
7 8.6 8.6 100.0
agree
Total 81 100.0 100.0
Graph

Project Paper
Bar chart above shows 36 students agree that stress management techniques give benefits to
reduce their stress indicates 44.4%. The second highest in the bar chart is students neither
agree nor disagree the stress management techniques give benefits to refuse their stress
indicates 34.6% which it represent of 28 students. There are 8 students who disagree that
stress management techniques give benefits with percentage 9.9%. We can see that 7 students
indicates 8.6% as showed in the bar chart strongly agree that stress management techniques
give benefits to reduce their stress. The least with 2.5% represents 2 students strongly disagree
that stress management techniques give benefits to reduce their stress.
4.3.3.4 Stress management influence my education achievement

Frequency Table
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Stress management influence my education achievement

Percent
Valid Strongly
4 4.9 4.9 4.9
disagree
Disagree 13 16.0 16.0 21.0
Neither agree
nor disagree 26 32.1 32.1 53.1
Agree 26 32.1 32.1 85.2

Strongly
12 14.8 14.8 100.0
agree
Total 81 100.0 100.0
Graph

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The bar chart above shows that stress management influence their education achievement.
There are 26 students presented by 32.1% agree and in the same time neither agree nor
disagree that stress management influence their education achievement. The third highest in
the bar chart is disagree that stress management influence their education achievement with
16% which represent 13 students. Fourth highest is 12 students presented by 14.8% strongly
agree that stress management influence their education achievement.
4.3.3.5 Sometimes students do not recognize the important of stress management

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Frequency Table
Sometimes students do not recognize the important of stress management

Percent
Valid Strongly
6 7.4 7.4 7.4
disagree
Disagree 18 22.2 22.2 29.6
Neither agree
nor disagree 31 38.3 38.3 67.9
Agree 21 25.9 25.9 93.8

Strongly agree 5 6.2 6.2 100.0
Total 81 100.0 100.0
Graph

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The bar chart shows that sometimes students do not recognize the important of stress
management. As shown by the bar chart above, 38.3% represent 31 students neither agree nor
disagree but we can see that the second highest in the bar with 25.9% represent 21 students
agree that sometimes student do not recognize the important of the stress management. The
third highest in the bar chart is 18 student with percentage 22.2 disagree that sometimes
student do not recognize the important of stress management. The fourth highest is strongly
disagree on sometimes student do not recognize the important of stress management indicates
7.4% which it represents 6 students. The lowest bar in the bar chart above with 6.2% presents 5
students strongly disagree that sometime student do not recognize the important of stress
management.
4.3.3.6 Students do not know whether they are having stress or not
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Frequency Table
Students do not know whether they are having stress or not

Percent
Valid Strongly
6 7.4 7.4 7.4
disagree
Disagree 18 22.2 22.2 29.6
Neither agree
nor disagree 22 27.2 27.2 56.8
Agree 24 29.6 29.6 86.4

Strongly agree 11 13.6 13.6 100.0
Total 81 100.0 100.0

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Graph
The bar chart above shows that students do not know whether they are having stress or not.
The highest bar as shown in the bar chart with percentage 29.6 represents 24 students that
agree students do not know whether they are having stress or not. Followed by 27.2% which
consist of 22 students that neither agree nor disagree on students o not know whether they are
having stress or not. The third highest is students disagree which it indicates 22.2% in the bar
chart that represent 18 students about students do not know whether they are having stress or
not. Next, is followed by strongly agree by 11 students that presents 13.6% on students do not
know whether they are having stress or not. The lowest bar in the bar chart above is strongly
disagree by 6 students that presents 7.4% in the chart about students do not know whether they
are having stress or not.
4.3.4 Objective 4: To recommend the most effective technique to be applied by

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Students to manage
4.3.4.1 Yoga or meditation
Frequency Table
Yoga or meditation

Percent
Valid Agree 8 9.9 9.9 9.9
Disagree 73 90.1 90.1 100.0
Total 81 100.0 100.0
Graph

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4.3.4.2 Get enough sleep
Frequency table
Get enough sleep

Percent
Valid Agree 42 51.9 51.9 51.9
Disagree 39 48.1 48.1 100.0
Total 81 100.0 100.0
Graph

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4.3.4.3 Arrange the schedule
Frequency table
Arrange the schedule

Percent
Valid Agree 25 30.9 30.9 30.9
Disagree 56 69.1 69.1 100.0
Total 81 100.0 100.0
Graph

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4.3.4.4 Hanging out with friends or family members
Frequency table
Hanging out with friends or family members

Percent
Valid Agree 52 64.2 64.2 64.2
Disagree 29 35.8 35.8 100.0
Total 81 100.0 100.0
Graph

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4.3.4.5 Exercise or swimming or jogging
Frequency table
Exercise or swimming or jogging

Percent
Valid Agree 23 28.4 28.4 28.4
Disagree 58 71.6 71.6 100.0
Total 81 100.0 100.0
Graph

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4.3.4.6 Music Therapy
Frequency table
Music therapy

Percent
Valid Agree 43 53.1 53.1 53.1
Disagree 38 46.9 46.9 100.0
Total 81 100.0 100.0
Graph
Based on the frequency table above, it show the most effective technique that need to be used
by the students to cope with stress. It can been seen that 52 students which is 64.2% of UiTM
Melaka, Campus Alor Gajah agreed that hanging out with friends or family members are the
most effective technique that need to be used in order to cope with stress. The second
technique that been choose by the students is music therapy which is 53.1% with 43 students
agreed with that technique. The last technique that less give effective to them is yoga or
meditation which is 9.9% with 8 out of 81 students agreed.
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

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5.1 Conclusion
After we have distributed 100 questionnaires to our respondents that is the students from UiTM
Campus Alor Gajah, Malacca, we manage to collected 81 questionnaires back and the rest 19
questionnaires could not be use because the data assume as invalid. It is because most of our
respondents could not understanding the instruction of the questionnaires. As a result, we only
select the 81 valid questionnaires data to be analyze in our research about the student’s
perception towards the effectiveness of stress management technique among students.
The first objective is to identify the level of effectiveness of stress management among
students. Majority of students agree the stress management is very effective be practiced by
students. It is because by practice stress management they can know how to face the problem
occurred rightly and do the task properly without any pressure. Without practiced stress
management they do not know how to handle the problem and it can caused error in the task.
Followed by those respondents that disagree the stress management is very effective to be
practiced by students. Regularly, students that do not practice stress management effectively
will have the problem and do not know how to overcome it. These types of students maybe do
not familiar with stress management and think that if they practice stress management, it can
makes the problem become worst and waste their time.
Besides that, the research is achieved its objective because the majority of the students
practiced stress management technique if they under stressful condition. It is because they
know how to face the problem by using the best stress management technique like relaxation
technique, time management, physical exercise, and social support. It will help them to handle
the problem that they have. The activities that they will do must be a good example because the
wrong technique will not help to reduce stress. Then, iIf the stress management technique do
not adapt by students, it can caused the students face problem to perform their task
appropriately. Students must know which technique that they comfortable and suit to apply in
order to settle down their problems. Without the correct and suitable technique, it can give bad
impact to them.
The next point is even though they get enough sleep but still having stress especially during
examination. It is because maybe they think the way or the technique used is not effective.
Study in stress usually influence the understanding towards the subject and it is not good to
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practiced although they have finish study and get enough sleep. So that, the students must
arrange their schedule effectively in order to ensure the good performance during the
examination. The majority of students also know the benefit of practicing the stress
management. It is important because if they do not practice stress management it will influence
their education achievement itself.
The second objective of our research is to identify the technique used by the students to cope
with stress. Majority of UiTM Campus Alor Gajah, Malacca students choose to use relaxation
technique in order to cope with stress. They choose relaxation technique because they can
apply this technique easily whenever they get stress. Examples of relaxation technique are like
meditation, music therapy, reading, sleep, watching TV or movies and shopping. It is shows that
the relaxation technique is the most effective ways choose by students to cope with stress.
Besides that, UiTM Malacca students also choose social support technique as the second
preferable technique because it makes them feel better and more comfortable. This is because
when they meet friends and family members, they can share their problems with others. They
also can try to solve the problems together and can less their burden. Time management also
one of the technique that have been choose by the students in order to cope with stress.
Examples of time management are do schedule, do the important thing first, structuring time
and make a list. If they make the schedule, they are able to manage their time properly without
wasting their time. When the students choose time management as the technique to cope with
stress, they will know what is priority. It means that they will do the important things first follow
by the others matters.
Another technique that choose by UiTM Malacca students is physical exercise. They choose
physical exercise technique because by doing that exercise they can get more healthy mind and
body. Examples of physical exercise are like jogging, swimming, workout in gym, skating and
boxing.
Another objective is to identify the level of awareness among students towards stress
management. Most of the students agree that they definitely know about the stress
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management techniques. It is because some of them have acknowledged about the stress
management techniques like how to relax and to whom they should talk to. For the students
who disagree about they definitely know about stress management technique is because some
of them do not know how to calm or control themselves from being stress. It is found that these
students usually will have emotion unstable like having bad temper, yell towards others and get
involve with fight. These explained well towards the student who practice stress management
whereby when they know that they are under stress and know how to handle it, they will
practice it and it really works for them. On the other hand, for those who does not know or
aware about the stress management usually will face more problems and be very stressful.
As in our research, most of our respondents agree that stress management techniques
give benefits in reducing their stress. They apply the techniques which they feel easy to apply
and which they feel better and comfortable with. Some of the respondents, who do not apply
stress management, do not sure if stress management benefit can really reduce their stress.
Many students agree about stress management can influence their academic and
believed by practicing stress management frequently can improve their academic achievement.
We can see that the awareness among students is high and can be seen that they know when
and how to apply. Many students proved that by knowing about stress management, they
manage to control themselves whenever they are in stress.
The last objective of our research is to recommend the most effective technique to be applied by
students to manage. It can be conclude that the most effective technique that needs to be used
by the students to cope with stress is hanging out with friends or family members. This is
because, with this technique, the students can be more relax and can set their mind free. Other
than that, they can have a fun with their friends or family members and can forget their problems
when they hang out.
5.2 Recommendations
5.2.1 To the UiTM
The students said that they will become very stressful or hypertension if they do not practice the
stress management to cope with stress. So, the administration of UiTM need to implement a
programs or activities to the students so that they will not thinking about their problems or
anything that can lead them to become stress. For example like encourage students to meet the
counselor and share their problems. By sharing the problems, it will reduce the stress of the
students and also can encourage closer relationship between the students and UiTM.

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Besides that, UiTM are also recommended to arrange the students’ schedule to be more
relaxed and not too pack for the students. It is to ensure that the students have their own time to
release themselves from getting stress and manage their time to do assignment, hanging
around with friends, take a rest and other activities.
5.2.2 To the students
If the students do not practice the stress management, their emotion will not stable. In order to
cope with stress, it is recommended to the students can doing the physical exercise technique
such as jogging, swimming and more. If they use this technique, they can set their mind free
and make them become healthier. Besides that, the students also recommended to meet the
counselor to advice them in order to reduce their stress. They can meet the counselor if they
have any problems regarding their studies. By meet the counselor, they may know how to
manage their studies in order to be success in their education and get better achievement.
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Headache and fall ill is one of the effects that will happen to the students if they do not practice
the stress management to cope with their stress. So, in order to reduce their stress, students
need to have enough sleep because it is the easier and simplest way to cope with stress. On
the other hand, some of the students said that they will commit to suicide if they cannot cope
with stress. This is not a good way to solve the problems. So, they need to practice the social
support technique where they need to talk and share the problems with their friends and family
members in order to solve their stress. Other than that, they can hang out with their friends and
also family members. It will create more problems if the students do not practice the stress
management in order to cope with stress. In order to reduce the stress, the students need to
practice the time management technique. For example, they need to make a list or do a
schedule on any activities that they want to do according to the priority of that activities. They
also need to do the important thing first so that there will no problems occur.
REFERENCES
Books
Phillip L. Hunsaker, Curtis W. Cook, 1986, Managing Organizational Behavior, Addision –

Wesley Publishing Company, Canada.
Stuart M. Klein and R. Richard Ritti, 1984, Understanding Organizational Behavior, 2nd Edition,
Kent Publishing Company, USA.
US Wood, Wallace, Zeffane, Schermerhorn, Hunt and Osborn, 1998, Organisational Behaviour
An Asia-Pacific Perspective, USA

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Paul D. Sweeney, Dean B. McFarlin, 2002, Organizational Behavior Solution For Management,
McGraw-Hill Higher Education, New York.
John M.Ivancevich, Micheal T. Matteson, 1993, Organizational Behavior and Management, 3rd
Edition, Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, USA.
Robert E. Callahan, C. Patrick Fleenor, Harry R. Knudson, 1986, Understanding Organizational

Behavior A Managerial Viewpoint, Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co, USA.
Journals:
Website:
http://health.yahoo.com/stress-overview/stress-management/healthwise--rlxsk.html
http://www4.uitm.edu.my/uitm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=71&Itemid=119
http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/glossary/effectiveness.htm
http://www.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20080610-70006.html
http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2008&dt=0118&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Foru
m&pg=fo_01.htm


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Faculty of Business Management

Universiti Teknologi MARA

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (HONS)

Time Management, Financial and Technology (ICT):

Lilis Asyura binti Mohd Yatim 2014717137

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

1.1 Background of the study 4

Chapter 2: Literature Review & Conceptual Framework

Chapter 3: Research Design and Methodology

3.1 Research design 20

Chapter 4: Research Findings

Chapter 5: Conclusion & Recommendations

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

systematic inquiry that provides information to guide business decisions”.

end with limitation of this study.

Generally stress is an adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

1.2 Problem statement

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

Cases that we found from internet are like below:

The case that we found in Malaysia:

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

1.3 Research questions

i. What is the level of effectiveness of stress management among students?

1.4 Research objectives

1.5 Scope of the study

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

1.6 Significance of the study

1.6.1 To the UiTM

1.6.2 To the students

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

1.7 Definition of terms/concepts

1.7.1 Stress is a state of tension experienced by individuals facing extraordinary demands,

1.7.3 Attitudes are predispositions to respond in a positive or negative way to someone or

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

2.2 Literature Review

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

2 Corey & Corey,1997

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

Stress also known as a state of tension experienced by individual facing extraordinary

Psychological is a symptoms of stress tend to become manifest in anxiety states and

4 G. A. Cole, Management Theory and Practice, 2004

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

2.2.2 Stress Management Technique

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

6Phillip L. Hunsaker, Curtis W. Cook, Managing Organizational Behavior, 1986

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

2.3 Conceptual Framework

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

Social support technique refers

2.3.1 Independent Variable

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

2.3.1.2 Time management

2.3.1.3 Physical exercise

2.3.1.4 Social support technique

MGT648: Research Methods Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons)

2.3.2 Dependent Variable

7 Jennifer M. George, Gareth R. Jones: Understanding and Managing Organizational Behavior,