FIRST THEOREM ON RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLE

[Journal No. MJS. Vol.3, No.1, Oct.2004, Published by “Mapana”, Christ College, Bangalore]
Kalai Maran. Ara, CCM Dept., CFTRI- Mysore, Karnataka, INDIA

KEY WORDS
Geometry, Triangle and its related theorems, Pythagoras theorem I & II, Appolonius theorem, Euclid’s
theorem I & II and American Mathematical Society Subject Classification (2000):MSC 51-02.

SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH:

In Geometric, Triangle is one of the two-dimensional plane having three sides and which is very
important to solve problems related to Geometry and sometimes in other subject also. Some fundamental
concept /theorems of triangles are required to solve such problems and such theorems are (i) Pythagoras
1st theorem[1] (ii) Pythagoras 2nd theorem (iii) Appollonius theorem (iv) Euclid’s 1st theorem[2] and (v)
Euclid’s 2nd theorem (Altitude theorem) [3]. In addition to these, Author has attempted to develop a new
theorem related to triangle (Maran’s theorem of triangle). The new theorem have been discussed and
proved with relevant examples.

NEW THEOREM ON RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLE

Suppose a right-angled triangle ACB (Fig. 2.1) is divided into two parts viz., ADC & BDC by its
altitude as its hypotenuse is its base (Fig. 2.2) and these two triangles (Ref: Fig. 2.3) are superimposed
over ACB as shown in figure 2.4
Let, ACB is a right-angled triangle. mACB = 90. D is the point, which is projection of C on line AB
i.e., CD  AB. Let CD is the altitude of the triangle, DG = , DH = , AG = s and CG = t, CH = k and
BH = l. Therefore, mADC = 90 and mBDC = 90. AFC = ADC, CEB = CBD. Therefore,

(i) The mathematical relations between a, b,  and  is

𝝀×𝒂= 𝝁×𝒃
(ii) The mathematical relations between k, l, s and t is
∆ 𝐄𝐃𝐅 𝐚𝐧𝐝 ∆ 𝐀𝐂𝐁 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐫
(iii) ∠ 𝐂𝐀𝐁 ≡ ∠ 𝐀𝐄𝐃′

Fig.1: A rectangular triangle ABC with its altitude through C

 Fig.2: A rectangular triangle ABC with its altitude through C

Fig.3: A rectangular triangle ABC with its altitude through C

 Fig.4: A rectangular triangle ABC with its altitude through C

EXAMPLE FOR PROOF:

See fig. 2 .3. In this figure, a right-angled triangle ACB, mACB = 90, 𝑎 = 2√3, b = 2, m = 1, n = 3,
√3 3 √3 3√3 1 3
λ= ,μ = ,k = ,l = , s = and t =
2 2 2 2 2 2
All the above theorems are proved as follow.
(i) The first theorem is that: 𝛌 × 𝐚 = 𝛍 × 𝐛. Substituting the values of a, b,  and  in LHS of theorem,
√𝟑
𝛌 × 𝐚 = ( ) × 𝟐√𝟑 = 𝟑 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − −[𝟏]
𝟐
Substituting the values of a, b,  and  in LHS of theorem,
𝟑
𝛌×𝐛=( )×𝟐=𝟑 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − −[𝟐]
𝟐
From [1] and [2], λ × a = μ × b. and hence the above first theorem is proved

(ii) The second theorem is that: 𝐤 × 𝐭 = 𝐬 × 𝐥. Substituting the values of k, t, s and l in LHS of the
theorem,
√𝟑 𝟑 𝟑√𝟑
𝐤×𝐭=( )×( )= − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − −[𝟑]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
Substituting the values in RHS of the theorem,
1 3√3 3√3
𝑠×𝑙 = ( )×( )= − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − [4]
2 2 4
From [3] and [4], 𝑘 × 𝑡 = 𝑠 × 𝑙 and hence the second theorem is also proved.

(iii) The third theorem is that: 𝚫𝐄𝐃𝐅 𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝚫𝐀𝐂𝐁

In triangle ACB, ∠𝐀𝐂𝐁 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 − (∠𝐂𝐀𝐃 + ∠𝐂𝐁𝐃) = 𝟗𝟎𝟎
Therefore, ACB is a right-angled triangle.
 2 1
∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 = cos−1 ( ) = cos−1 ( ) = 600 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − [5]
4 2
2√3 √3
∠𝐶𝐵𝐷 = cos−1 ( ) = cos −1 ( ) = 300 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − −[6]
4 2
2 × √3 1
∠𝐷𝐸𝐹 = cos−1 [( ) ÷ 2√3] = cos −1 ( ) = 600 − − − − − − − − − − − − − −[7]
2 2
2×3 3 √3
∠𝐷𝐸𝐹 = cos−1 [( ) ÷ 2√3] = cos−1 ( ) = cos−1 ( ) = 300 − − − − − − − −[8]
2 2√3 2

In triangle FDE, ∠ACB = 1800 − (∠DFE + ∠DEF)Substituting [7] and [8] in above equation, we get
∠FDE = 900 From equation [5] and [7], ∠CAD = ∠DFE. Similarly, from equation [6] and [8], ∠CBD =
∠DEF. Therefore, Δ FDE is right-angled triangle and Δ 𝐸𝐷𝐹 is similar to Δ ACB and hence the third
theorem is also proved.

REFERENCES
1 W.Gellert.S.Gottwald, M.Hellwich. H.Kästner.H.Küstner, The VNR Concise Encyclopedia of
Mathematics, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New york, 1989 p.166.

2 W.Gellert.S.Gottwald, M.Hellwich. H.Kästner.H.Küstner, The VNR Concise Encyclopedia of

Mathematics, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New york, 1989 p.167.

3 W.Gellert.S.Gottwald, M.Hellwich. H.Kästner.H.Küstner, The VNR Concise Encyclopedia of

Mathematics, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New york, 1989 p.167.