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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
JEST 2019 (Booklet Series-A)
Part-A: 1-Mark Questions
Q1. Let r be the position vector of a point on a closed contour C . What is the value of the line
integral r dr ?
1
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d)
2
Ans. : (a)
Solution: r xxˆ yyˆ zzˆ r 0 r dr 0
di 80 5 80 20
1 12 1 A / s
dt 20 80 20 80
Q3. Consider the function f x, y x i y . In which domain of the complex plane is this function
analytic?
(a) First and second quadrants (b) Second and third quadrants
(c) Second and fourth quadrants (d) Nowhere
Ans. : (c)
Solution: f x, y x i y
f x, y x iy z
f x, y x iy z
f x, y x iy z
f x, y x iy z
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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
Q4. Consider the following transformation of the phase space coordinates q, p Q, P
Q q a cos bp P q a sin bp
For what values of a and b will the transformation be canonical?
1 1 1 1
(a) 1,1 (b) , (c) 2, (d) ,2
2 2 2 2
Ans. : (d)
Q P P Q
Solution: For canonical transformation . .
q p q p
1 abq 2 a 1 cos 2 bp sin 2 bp 1
1
a ,b 2
2
Q5. What is the binding energy of an electron in the ground state of a He ion?
(a) 6.8eV (b) 13.6 eV (c) 27.2 eV (d) 54.4 eV
Ans. : (d)
13.6 2
Solution: E z eV
n2
He : z 2
13.6 4
E eV
n2
The binding energy of an electron in ground state is
13.6 4
E eV 54.4 eV
1
2
Q6. A collimated white light source illuminates the slits of a double slit interference setup and forms
the interference pattern on a screen. If one slit is covered with a blue filter, which one of the
following statements is correct?
(a) No interference pattern is observed after the slit is covered with the blue filter
(b) Interference pattern remains unchanged with and without the blue filter
(c) A blue interference pattern is observed
(d) The central maximum is blue with coloured higher order maxima
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Because to form stationary interference pattern light from two coherent source should be of
same frequency and wavelength.
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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
Q7. Consider a system of N distinguishable particles with two energy levels for each particle, a
ground state with energy zero and an excited state with energy 0 . What is the average energy
per particle as the system temperature T ?
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
2
Ans. : (b)
e Ei
Solution: E PE
i i Pi
i z
01 1
E 0
1 e 1 e
/ k BT
at T
1 e 2
Q8. Consider a diatomic molecule with an infinite number of equally spaced non-degenerate energy
levels. The spacing between any two adjacent levels is and the ground state energy is zero.
What is the single particle partition function Z ?
1 1
(a) Z (b) Z
1 1 e k BT
k BT
1
1 kBT
(c) Z (d) Z
2
1 e k BT 1
kBT
gi 1
Z 1 e e 2 ......
1
Z
1 e
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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
Q9. A very long solenoid (axis along z direction) of n turns per unit length carries a current which
increases linearly with time, i Kt . What is the magnetic field inside the solenoid at a given
time t ?
(a) B 0 nKtzˆ (b) B 0 nKzˆ
Ans. : (a)
Q10. Suppose A is a conservative vector, A is a non-conservative vector and is non-zero scalar
everywhere. Which one of the following is true?
(a) A A 0 (b) A 0
(c) A 0
(d) A A 0
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Divergence of a curl is always zero.
Q11. Consider two n n matrices, A and B such that A B is invertible. Define two matrices,
or CC 1 D CD 1 D or D C
Therefore, option (a) is correct.
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Q12. The refractive index n of the entire environment around a double slit interference setup is
changed from n 1 to n 2 . Which one of the following statements is correct about the change
in the interference pattern?
(a) The fringe pattern disappears
(b) The central bright maximum turns dark, i.e. becomes a minimum
(c) Fringe width of the pattern increases by a factor 2
(d) Fringe width of the pattern decreases by a factor 2
Ans. : (d)
D
Solution:
2d n
Q13. A cyclotron can accelerate deuteron to 16 MeV . If the cyclotron is used to accelerate
- particles, what will be their energy? Take the mass of deuteron to be twice the mass of
proton and mass of alpha particles to be four times the mass of protons.
(a) 8 MeV (b) 16 MeV (c) 32 MeV (d) 64 MeV
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Energy gain in cyclotron is
q2 B2 R2
E
2m
Let Ed , md , E and m are the energy of mass of deuteron and - particle
Ed m
E md
md 2m
E Ed 16 MeV
m m
E 32 MeV
3 1
Q14. Consider a hypothetical world in which the electron has spin instead of . What will be the
2 2
electronic configuration for an element with atomic number Z 5 ?
(a) 1s 4 , 2s1 (b) 1s 4 , 2s 2 , 2 p1 (c) 1s 5 (d) 1s 3 , 2 s1 , 2 p1
Ans. : (a)
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Solution: The degeneracy of level j is d 2 j 1
3
For s - orbit, d 2s 1 2 1 4
2
The electronic configuration for z 5 is
1s 4 , 2s1
Thus correct option is (a)
Q15. Two objects of unit mass are thrown up vertically with a velocity of 1 ms 1 at latitudes 450 N
and 450 S , respectively. The angular velocity of the rotation of Earth is given to be 7.29 105 s 1 .
In which direction will the objects deflect when they reach their highest point (due to Coriolis
force)? Assume zero air resistance.
(a) to the east in Northern hemisphere and west in Southern Hemisphere
(b) to the west in Northern hemisphere and east in Southern Hemisphere
(c) to the east in both hemispheres
(d) to the west in both hemispheres
Ans. : (d)
Q16. Which one of the following vectors lie along the line of intersection of the two planes
x 3 y z 5 and 2 x 2 y 4 z 3 ?
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Q17. What is the value of the integral
dx x 2 2 cos x ?
1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
2
Ans. : (c)
Solution: x 2 2 1
x x
1
x x
2
dx x 1
cos x dx x x cos x
2 2
Therefore,
2
1 1 1
cos cos 1 1
2 2
Q18. Two joggers A and B are running at a steady pace around a circular track. A takes TA minutes
whereas B takes TB TA minutes to complete one round. Assuming that they have started
together, what will be time taken by A to overtake B for the first time?
1
2 1 1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
TA TB TA TB TA TB TA TB
Ans. : (d)
Solution: vrelative v A vB T v A vB 2 R
1
2 2 1 1
TR A B 2 R TR 2 R T
TA TB TA TB
Q19. The magnetic field (Gaussian units) in an empty space is described by
B B0 exp ax sin ky t zˆ
Ans. : (d)
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Q20. Let A be a hermitian matrix, and C and D be the unitary matrices. Which one of the following
matrices is unitary?
(a) C 1 AC (b) C 1 DC (c) C 1 AD (d) A1CD
Ans. : (b)
† †
Solution: C 1DC C 1DC C 1DCC † D† C 1
† †
Since C is unitary CC 1 I , therefore C 1DC C 1DC C 1DD† C 1
† †
Since D is unitary DD† I , therefore, C 1DC C 1DC C 1 C 1
C 1
†
Since for any invertible matrix C 1 we have
C
1 † 1
DC C 1DC C 1 C †
C
1 † 1
DC C 1DC C 1 C 1 C 1C I
function of the Schrodinger equation for a particle of mass m and energy E in a one
dimensional potential V x such that V x 0 at x 0 . Which of the following is correct?
2b 4 x 2 2b 4 x 2 2b 2 2b 2
(a) V (b) V (c) E (d) E
m 2m 4m m
Ans. : (b)
m
1/ 4
m x 2
Solution: Comparing with harmonic oscillator x exp the potential is
2
1
V x m 2 x 2 and energy is E
2 2
b2 x 2 b2 b4 2 x 2 b2 2
x A exp so V x and energy E
2 m 2m 2 2m
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Q22. A quantum particle of mass m is in a one dimensional potential of the form
1
m x , if x 0
2 2
V x 2
if x 0
where is a constant. Which one of the following represents the possible ground state wave
function of the particle?
1 1
(a) (b)
0 0
0 x 0 x
1 1
1 1
(c) (d)
0 0
0 x 0 x
1 1
Ans. : (b)
1 13
Q23. Consider a 2 2 matrix A 27
what is A ?
0 1
1 13 1 1327 1 27 1 351
(a) (b) (c) (d)
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
Ans. : (d)
1 13
Solution: Given A , it can be easily proved (by mathematical induction) that
0 1
1 13n
An
0 1
For n 27 ,
1 13.27 1 351
A27
0 1 0 1
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Q24. Consider a grand ensemble of a system of one dimensional non-interacting classical harmonic
oscillators (each of frequency ). Which one of the following equations is correct? Here the
angular bracket indicate the ensemble average. N , E and T represent the number of particles,
k BT k BT
(a) E N (b) E N
2 2
(c) E Nk BT (d) E N k BT
Ans. : (d)
Solution: E K .E. P.E.
Px2 1 2
E kx 1D
2m 2
1 1
E kBT kBT kBT (Equiportion)
2 2
E N k BT
Q25. A bullet with initial speed v0 is fired at a log of wood. The resistive force by wood on the bullet
is given by v , where 1 . What is the time taken to stop the bullet inside the wood log?
dv
t m 0 dv m v10
Solution: m v dt
dt 0 v0 v 1
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PART- B: 3 Mark-Questions
Q1. A person plans to go from town A to town B by taking either the route R1 R 2 with
1 1
probability or the route R1 R3 with probability (see
2 2 R2
1
figure). Further, there is a probability that R1 is blocked, a
3 R1
A B
1 1
probability that R 2 is blocked, and a probability that R3 is
3 3
R3
blocked. What is the probability that he/she would reach town B ?
8 1 4 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 3 9 3
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Given that probability of R1 blocked =1/3
1 2
Probability of R1 not blocked 1
3 3
1
Probability from A to B without restriction
2
1 2
Route R 2 probability not blocked
2 3
1 2
Route R3
2 3
2 1 2 1 2 4
Total probability A B
3 2 3 2 3 9
Q2. What is the change in the kinetic energy of rotation of the earth if its radius shrinks by 1% ?
Assume that the mass remains the same and the density is uniform.
(a) increases by 1% (b) increases by 2%
(c) decreases by 1% (d) decreases by 2%
Ans. : (b)
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Q3. Analyse the ideal op-amp circuit in the figure. Which one of the following statements is true
about the output voltage Vout , when terminal ‘ C ’ is connected to point ‘ A ’ and then to point ‘ B ’?
R R
Vin Vout
C
A R B
(a) Vout Vin and Vout Vin when ‘ C ’ is connected to ‘ A ’ and ‘ B ’, respectively
(b) Vout Vin and Vout Vin when ‘ C ’ is connected to ‘ A ’ and ‘ B ’, respectively
wavelength dependent absorption coefficient 0 1 per unit length. The band
0
pass edge of the filter is defined as the wavelength at which the intensity, after passig through the
I0
filter, is I , 0 , 0 and are constants. The reflection coefficient of the plate may be
assumed to be independent of . Which one of the following statements is true about the
bandwidth of the filter?
(a) The bandwidth is linear dependent on 0
(b) The bandwidth is independent of the plate thickness d
(c) The bandwidth is linearly dependent on 0
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Ans. : (a)
Solution: For example C -band and L -band in fiber optics communication, the central wavelength c of
sin 2
band pass is c 0 1
n
2
charge q and the inner shell is grounded. What is the charge on the inner shell?
r1 r1 r2
(a) q (b) q (c) 0 (d) q
r2 r2 r1
Ans. : (a)
Q6. A wire with uniform line charge density per unit length carries a current I as shown in the
figure. Take the permittivity and permeability of the medium to be 0 0 1 . A particle of
charge q is at a distance r and is travelling along a trajectory parallel to the wire. What is the
speed of the charge?
current I
charge density r V
4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
I 2I 3I I
Ans.: (a)
I
Solution: E and B 0
2 0 r 2 r current I V
Directions are shown in the figure. charge density r
B E
Net force on charge q is zero i.e. F 0 .
I
q E v B 0 E vB
2 0 r
v 0 v
2 r I
0 0 1
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Q7. Consider a non-relativistic two-dimensional gas of N electrons with the Fermi energy EF .
voltage of the diode is 0.7 volts and V1 is a positive dc voltage smaller than V0 . Which one of the
V1
R1
R2
R2
(a) Positive part of Vout is restricted to a maximum voltage of 0.7 V1
R1 R2
R2
(b) Negative part of Vout is restricted to a maximum voltage of 0.7 V1
R1 R2
R1
(c) Positive part of Vout is restricted to a maximum voltage of 0.7 V1
R1 R2
R1
(d) Negative part of Vout is restricted to a maximum voltage of 0.7 V1
R1 R2
Ans: (a)
R2 R2
Solution: Reference voltage VR V1 and diode will be ON when Vin 0.7 V1 .
R1 R2 R1 R2
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Q9. A hoop of diameter D is pivoted at the topmost point on the
circumference as shown in the figure. The acceleration due to gravity g is
D g
acting downwards. What is the time period of small oscillations in the
plane of the hoop?
D 5D
(a) 2 (b) 2
2g 6g
D 2D
(c) 2 (d) 2
2g g
Ans. : (c)
1
Q10. For a spin particle placed in a magnetic field B , the Hamiltonian is H BS y S y ,
2
where S y is the y -component of the spin operator. The state of the system at time t 0 is
t 0 , where S z . At a later time t , if S z measured then what is the
2
probability to get a value ?
2
t
(a) cos 2 t (b) sin 2 t (c) 0 (d) sin 2
2
Ans. : (d)
1
Solution: H BS y S y Eigen value is , with eigen vector 1 and
2 2 2
1
2 respectively.
2
1 1
t 0 I 1 1 2 2 1 2
2 2
1 it 1 it
t t 1 exp 2 exp
2 2 2 2
If S z is measured on t then probability to find is
2
2
t it it
2
1 2 t
P exp 2 exp 2 sin 2
2 t t 4
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Q11. In a fixed target elastic scattering experiment, a projectile of mass m , having initial velocity v0 ,
and impact parameter b , approaches the scatterer. It experiences a central repulsive force
k
f r k 0 . What is the distance of the closest approach d ?
r2
1 1
k 2 k 2
(a) d b 2 2 (b) d b 2 2
mv0 mv0
k
(c) d b (d) d
mv02
Ans. : (a)
k k
Solution: f r 2
k 0 so potential is V r
r r
vb
Conservation of angular momentum mv0b md 2 02
d
2 2
mv0 md
2
k v0b
Conservation of energy is given by 2
2 2 d d
1
k 2
d b2 2
mv0
Q12. Consider a quantum particle in a one-dimensional box of length L . The coordinates of the
leftmost wall of the box is at x 0 and that of the rightmost wall is at x L . The particle is in
the ground state at t 0 . At t 0 , we suddenly change the length of the box to 3L by moving
the right wall. What is the probability that the particle is in the ground state of the new system
immediately after the change?
9 81 0.5
(a) 0.36 (b) (c) (d) L
8 64 2
Ans. : (c)
2 x 2 x
sin . 0 x 3a sin . 0 xa
Solution: 1 3a 3a a a
0, 0,
otherwise otherwise
22 1
2
a 2 x 2 x 81
P sin sin dx
2m 3a 2 3a 3a a a 64 2
0
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Consider a function f x Pk x e
in the domain x , , where P is any
x4 2 x2
Q13. k
polynomial of degree k . What is the maximum possible number of extrema of the function?
(a) k 3 (b) k 3 (c) k 2 (d) k 1
Ans. : (a)
Solution: f x pk x e
x4 2 x2
Let k 0 , f x 0 x e
x4 2 x2
Number of extrema
P0 x 1, k 0
Number of extrema 1
k 1 0 1 1
Q14. The energy spectrum of a particle consists of four states with energies 0,, 2 ,3 . Let
distinguishable classical particles, respectively. Let y exp . Which one of the
B
k T
y e / k BT
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Number of particle N 4 i
n gi !
i ni ! gi !
Maximum energy 12
Z B e 12 / kBT
Classical oooo
3
2
Z C y12 .....
Q15. Consider a quantum particle of mass m and a charge e moving in a two dimensional potential
given as:
k
V x, y x y k x y
2 2
2
The particle is also subject to an external electric field E iˆ ˆj , where is a constant iˆ
and ĵ corresponds to unit vectors along x and y directions, respectively. Let E1 and E0 be the
energies of the first excited state and ground state, respectively. What is the value of E1 E0 ?
2k 2k 2k 2k
(a) (b) e 2 (c) 3 (d) 3 e 2
m m m m
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Ans. : (a)
Solution: For constant electric field we know there is not any change in frequency and and energy of
each level is changed by constant value.
The total potential is
k 3 3
V x, y x y k x y x y V x, y kx 2 ky 2 kxy x y
2 2
2 2 2
m 0 3k k
T and V
0 m k 3k
4k 2k
2
Secular equation is given by V 2 m 0 3k 2 m k 2 0 x ,y
m m
1 1
The equivalent quantum mechanical energy is Enx ,n y nx x n y y V0
2 2
Where nx 0,1, 2,3... and n y 0,1, 2,3...
4k 2k
The ground state energy E0 E0.0
2 m 2 m
4k 3 2k
The first excited state energy E1 E0.1
2 m 2 m
2k
E1 E0
m
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PART C: 3-Mark Numerical Questions
Q1. A thin uniform steel chain is 10 m long with a linear mass density of 2 kg m 1 . The chain hangs
vertically with one end attached to a horizontal axle, having a negligibly small radius compared
to its length. What is the work done (in N m ) to slowly wind up the chain on to the axle? The
acceleration due to gravity is g 9.81 ms 1 .
Ans. : 981
Solution: l 10 m
Mass to be pulled
m dy
Mass of small elementary dy
l
y
m
PE of mass dy y g
l
So work required in pulling reference
m
W dU y dy g
l
0
l
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fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
Q3. The Euler polynomials are defined by
2e xs xn
n n!
e x 1 n 0
E s
Ans. : 64
2e xs xn
Solution: x En s
e 1 n 0 n!
En x 1 En x 2 x n
E5 x 1 E5 x 2 x5
x 2 2 25 64
Q4. What is the angle (in degrees) between the surfaces y 2 z 2 2 and y 2 x 2 0 at the point
1, 1,1
Ans. : 60
Solution: The equations of two surfaces are
f x, y, z 2 and g x, y, z 0
where f x. y, z y 2 z 2 and g x, y, z y 2 x 2
cos 1
f g
cos 1
2 ˆj 2kˆ 2iˆ 2 ˆj
f g 8 8
4
or cos 1 cos 1/ 2 600
8
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fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
Q5. Consider a system of 15 non-interacting spin-polarized electrons. They are trapped in a two
frequency is such that 1 in some chosen unit. What is the ground state energy of the
system in the same units?
Ans. : 55
Solution: Non-interacting spin-polarized electrons means direction of spin is fixed
1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 55
Q6. Consider the motion of a particle in two dimensions given by the Lagrangian
L
2
m 2
x y 2 x y
4
2
Ans. : 42
Solution: L
2
m 2
4
x y 2 x y
2
d L L
0 my y x 0 ….(2)
dt y y 2 2
Hence, x y 0 ….(3)
Integrating both sides of this equation with t gives
x y c2
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fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
42 0 c2 42
Therefore, x y 42
The value of x y is independent of t .
Therefore, at t 25s
x t y t 42
Q7. A diatomic ideal gas at room temperature, is expanded at a constant pressure P0 . If the heat
absorbed by the gas is Q 14 Joules, what is the maximum work in Joules that can be extracted
from the system?
Ans. : 4
5 7
Solution: Diatomic gas has Cv R, C p R
2 2
7
Q C p T 14 RT
2
(Constant pressure process)
14 2 5
T 0.481 0 c and U Cv T R T
7 8.314 2
5
8.314 0.481 9.99 J and Wmax Q U
2
Wmax 14 9.99 4 J
0
Q8. An optical line of wavelength 5000 A in the spectrum of light from a star is found to be red-
0
shifted by an amount of 2 A . Let v be the velocity at which the star is receding. Ignoring
c
relativistic effects, what is the value of ?
v
Ans. : 2500
c 0 5000
Solution: 2500 .
2
H.No. 40-D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
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fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
Q9. In the Young’s double slit experiment (screen distance D 50 cm and d 0.1 cm ), a thin mica
sheet of refractive index n 1.5 is introduced in the path of one of the beams. If the central
fringe gets shifted by 0.2 , what is the thickness (in micrometer) of the mica sheet?
Ans. : 8
D
Solution: x0 1 t
d
50
0.2 1.5 1 t
0.1
0.2 0.1
t cm 8 104 cm 8 m .
50 0.5
Q10. A circular metal loop of radius a 1 m spins with a constant angular velocity
20 rad/s in a magnetic field B 3 Tesla, as shown in the figure. The
B
resistance of the loop is 10 ohms. Let P be the power dissipated in one
a
P
complete cycle. What is the value of in Watts?
4
Ans. : 18
Solution: Magnetic flux through the loop is m B.d a B a 2 cos t
S
dm
Induced e.m.f B a 2 sin t .
dt
2 2 B 2 2 a 4 sin 2 t
Power dissipated p
R R
2 B 2 2 a 4 1
Power dissipated in one complete cycle P p sin 2 t
2R 2
20 3 1 18
2 2 4
P 2 B2a4
P
4
2 R2
2 10 10
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