The Philippine Government

DIFFERENT BRANCHES OF THE PHILIPPINE

GOVERNMENT
The structure of the Philippine government
is divided into three branches:

• the Legislative Department (Article 6);

• the Executive Department (Article 7); and
• the Judicial Department (Article 8).
 THE PRINCIPLE OF SEPARATION OF
POWERS
Under the principle of co-equal and
coordinate powers among the three (3)
branches, the officers entrusted with
each of these are not
powers
permitted to encroach upon the
powers confided to the others.
 PRINCIPLE OF CHECKS AND BALANCES

The three co-equal departments are

established by the constitution in as
balanced positions as possible.
To maintain this balance or to restore it if
upset, each department is given certain
powers with which to check the others.
QUALIFICATIONS OF THE PRESIDENT

Natural-born citizen of
A registered voter Able to read and write
the Philippines

A resident of the
At least forty (40) years
Philippines for at least
of age on the day of
10 years immediately
the election
preceding the election.
QUALIFICATIONS OF THE OFFICIALS IN THE
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
ADDITIONAL QUALITICATION
SENATORS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FOR PARTY-LIST
REPRESENTATIVES:

• a natural born citizens • a natural-born citizen • a bona fide member

of the Philippines of the Philippines of the party or
• at least 35 years of • at least 25 years of organization which he
age on the day of the age on the day of the seeks to represent for
election election at least ninety (90)
• able to read and write • able to read and write days preceding the
day of the election,
• a registered voter • except for a party-list
• a resident of the representative, a
Philippines for not less registered voter in the
than 2 years district in which he
immediately shall be elected
preceding the day of • a resident thereof for
the election a period of not less
than one year
preceding the election
QUALIFICATION OF THE MEMBERS IN THE
SUPREME COURT

He must be a natural-born He must be at least forty

citizen of the Philippines (40) years of age

He must have, for fifteen

He must be a person of
(15) years or more, been a
proven competence,
judge of a lower court or
integrity, probity and
engaged in the practice of
independence.
law in the Philippines
 COMPOSITION

1. President – SENATE – 24 SUPREME COURT

Judicial branch
Legislative branch
Executive Branch

Chief Executive HOUSE OF -composed of

2. Vice President REPRESENTATIVES fifteen members
3. Cabinet Officials – not more than 1 Chief Justice
250 members, 14 Associate
unless fixed by law Justice
District Rep. – 80%
Party-list Rep. -
20%
Currently there are
285 members
 TERMS OF OFFICE

• President – 1 term of 6 years without re-election

EXECUTIVE
• Vice President – 2 consecutive terms allowed with 6
DEPARTMENT
years per term

• SENATE – 2 consecutive terms allowed with 6 years

LEGISLATIVE per term
DEPARTMENT • DISTRICT AND PARTY-LIST REPRESENTATIVES
• 3 consecutive terms allowed with 3 years per term

• NO TERM LIMIT – but they mandated to hold office

JUDICIAL during good behavior until they reach the age of 70
DEPARTMENT or become incapacitated to discharge the duties of
their office.
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH (Article 6)
• THE POWER TO ENACT LAWS
• The power to choose who shall
become President in case of tie
(Section 4, par.4)
• The power to impose death
penalty (Art. 3, Sec 19)
• The power to act as a constituent
assembly (Art. XVII, section 1)
• The power to declare the
existence of war (Section 23)
• The power to impeach (Art.
XI, Sec. 2)
 IMPEACHMENT

Defined as a method of national inquest

into the conduct of public men.
PURPOSE OF IMPEACHMENT
To protect the people from official
delinquencies or malfeasances.
 OFFICIALS REMOVABLE BY IMPEACHMENT

1. The President and

Vice-president
2. The Members of the
Supreme Court
3. The members of the
Constitutional
Commissions
4. The Ombudsman
The first public official to be
impeached in the Philippines
 GROUNDS FOR IMPEACHMENTS
• Culpable violation of the Constitution
• Treason
• Bribery
• Graft and Corruption
• Betrayal of Public Trust
• Other High Crimes
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH - President (Article 7)
1. THE POWER TO IMPLEMENT
LAWS
2. Administrative Power and control
over the agencies of the
governments(Section 17)
3. The power to appoint
government officials (Section 16)
4. The power to commute
sentence, grant pardon, reprieve
and amnesty (Section 19)
5. The power to declare martial law
(Section 18)
6. The power to veto a law
THE JUDICIAL BRANCH The Supreme Court (Article 8)

1. THE POWER TO INTERPRET LAWS

2. THE POWER OF JUDICIAL REVIEW.
a. The power to determine whether there
has been a grave abuse of discretion lack or
excess of jurisdiction of any branch or
instrumentality of the government (Sec. 4,
par. 2)
3. ADJUDICATORY POWERS (Section 1, par. 2)
a. The power to determine the validity and
constitutionality of the laws of the State
b. The power to settle actual controversies
involving rights which are legally
demandable and enforceable
END