douglas (jed3339) – Homework 02 – yao – (54790) 1

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001 10.0 points
The magnitudes of the radii of curvature for
the spherical surfaces A and B are, respec-
tively, |RA | = a and |RB | = 2 a. The material
of which the lens is made has an index of
refraction n = 1.5.
Solution: Care must be exercised in deter-
mining the signs of RA and RB . The la-
bels “1” and “2” in the lens maker’s equation
(see Basic Concepts above) correspond to the
“first” surface and the “second” surface tra-
versed by the light ray. If the light ray is
coming in from the left of the lens, then R1
and R2 are the horizontal coordinates of the
centers of curvature of the spherical surfaces,
with the origin being at the symmetry point
of the thin lens. In the present case, the cen-
ters of curvature of both spherical surfaces A
and B are in front of the lens (see figure).

A B

Find the focal length of the thin lens.

1. f = −a

2. f = 2 a |RA|
|RB|

3. f = 3 a

4. f = −4 a correct
Thus R1 = −|RA | = −a and R2 =
5. f = 4 a −|RB | = −2 a. Using the lens maker’s equa-
tion, we find
6. f = −2 a
 
1 1 1
7. f = −3 a = (n − 1) −
f R1 R2
 
1 1
8. f = a = (1.5 − 1) −
−a −2 a
Explanation:   
1 1 1
Basic Concepts: = × −1 +
2 a 2
1 1 1 h′ q 1
+ = m= =− =−
p q f h p 4a
or f = −4 a .
Converging Lens f >0
∞ >p> f f < q < ∞ 0 > m > −∞
Look back at the lens. It is thinner at the cen-
f >p> 0 −∞ < q < 0 ∞ > m > 1
ter than at the edge. After traversal through
Diverging Lens 0>f this lens, an incident plane wave with a plane
∞ >p> 0 f <q< 0 0 <m< 1 wave front will turn into a divergent wave
front. This implies that the lens has a neg-
ative focal length, which is reflected in the
Lens maker’s equation is
  answer.
1 1 1
= (n − 1) − .
f R1 R2 002 10.0 points
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 02 – yao – (54790) 2
The cross-section of a glass lens with an index In both cases, noting that R1 and R2 remain
of refraction 1.5, is shown below. the same in air and in liquid the lens makers’
formula is

nglass
  
1.03 cm 1 1 1
= −1 −
fair nair R1 R2

1.17 cm
nglass
  
1 1 1
= −1 −
fliquid nliquid R1 R2

Determine the focal length f using the Taking the ratio of these equations
small angle approximation. Include both the
magnitude and sign, which indicates whether nglass
this is a divergent or convergent lens. −1
fliquid nair
= n
fair glass
−1
Correct answer: −1.09555 cm. nliquid
Explanation: 1.64
− 1.0
= 1.0
1.64
Let : n = 1.5 , − 1.0
1.28
r1 = −1.17 cm , and = 2.27556 .
r2 = 1.03 cm .
The lens maker’s formula (in the small an- Since fair = 50 cm , we find that
gle approximation) is
fliquid = 2.27556 fair
 
1 1 1
= (n − 1) −
f r1 r2 = (2.27556) (50 cm)
= 113.778 cm .
 
1 1
= (1.5 − 1) −
−1.17 cm 1.03 cm
= −0.912787 cm−1 , so
1 004 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
f= = −1.09555 cm .
−0.912787 cm−1
Kirk and Martin, two experimental physi-
When is thinner in the middle that on
cists, want to change the diameter of a laser
its edge, the lens is divergent; since f =
beam while keeping its rays propagating par-
−1.09555 cm , the lens is divergent.
allel.
fδ fα
003 10.0 points
A converging glass lens (index of refraction
1.64) has a focal length of 50 cm in air.
Find its focal length when it is immersed in
a liquid, which has an index of refraction 1.28.
ℓ
Correct answer: 113.778 cm. What is the distance ℓ?
Explanation:
We can use the lens makers’ formula fδ fα
1. ℓ =
1

nlens

1 1
 fδ + fα
= −1 −
f nmedia R1 R2 2. ℓ = −2 fδ + fα
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 02 – yao – (54790) 3

3. ℓ = 2 fδ + fα dδ |fα |
4. =
dα |fδ |
2 fδ dδ |fδ | − |fα |
4. ℓ = 5. =
fα2 dα |fδ | + |fα |
1 1 1
5. = + dδ |fδ | + |fα |
ℓ fδ fα 6. =
dα |fα | − |fδ |
1 1 1
6. = − dδ |fδ |
ℓ fδ fα 7. =
dα |fδ | + |fα |
7. ℓ = fδ + fα correct dδ
8. = |fδ | |fα |
Explanation: dα
The focal point of each of the two lenses dδ |fα | − |fδ |
must be at the same location: 9. =
dα |fδ | + |fα |
fα
Explanation:
y
r ra

lens δ
t e
ou
outer ray
|fα | tan θ
fδ ℓ

lens α
Lens δ is concave and fδ < 0 , whereas lens |fδ | tan θ
α is convex and fα > 0 , so ℓ − fδ = fα and θ
ℓ = fδ + fα .
Using the Lens equation, since pα = ∞ , fδ central ray
fα
1 1 1
+ = The diameter of the beam at lens |fδ | is
∞ qα fα
qα = fα dδ = 2 |fδ | tan θ

and since pδ = ℓ − fα , and the diameter of the beam at lens |fα | is

1 1 1 dα = 2 |fα | tan θ , so
+ =
ℓ − fα ∞ fδ
ℓ = fα + fδ . dδ |fδ |
= .
dα |fα |
005 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points 006 10.0 points
The diameter of the beam before and after A physics student places an object 6.0 cm
it passes through the two lens system can be from a converging lens of focal length 9.0 cm.
seen in the figure. What is the magnitude of the magnification
Relate these diameters to the magnitude of of the image produced?
the focal lengths |fδ | and |fα |.
dδ |fδ | + |fα| 1. |M | = 3.0 correct
1. =
dα |fδ | − |fα|
2. |M | = 2.0
dδ |fδ |
2. = correct
dα |fα | 3. |M | = 0.6
dδ |fα |
3. =
dα |fδ | + |fα| 4. |M | = 1.5
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 02 – yao – (54790) 4

5. |M | = 3.6
Explanation: q = −M p = 6 (80.5 cm) = 483 cm

Let : p = 0.6 cm and and the distance between them is

f = 9.0 cm .
Using p + q = 80.5 cm + 483 cm = 563.5 cm .
1 1 1
+ = ,
p q f
008 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
1 1 A real object is located 26.1 cm from a diverg-
q= =
1 1 1 1 ing lens of focal length 33.3 cm.
− −
f p 9.0 cm 6.0 cm What is the magnitude of the image dis-
= −18.0 cm . tance?
The magnitude of the magnification is thus Correct answer: 14.6318 cm.
 
 q  18.0 cm
|M | =   = = 3.0 . Explanation:
p 6.0 cm

007 10.0 points Let : p = 26.1 cm and

A thin lens of focal length 69 cm forms a real
image 6 times as high as the object. f = −33.3 cm .
How far apart are the object and image?

Correct answer: 563.5 cm.

Explanation: 1 1 1 h′ q
+ = M= =−
The real image is is inverted and the mag- p q f h p
nification is negative: Diverging Lens 0 > f
∞ >p> 0 f <q< 0 0 <M < 1
Let : f = 69 cm and
M = −6 .
Using the lens equation,
We want p + q, which is the distance be-
tween the image and object. The magnifica- 1 1 1 p−f
= − =
tion M is related to these distances by q f p fp
q fp (−33.3 cm) (26.1 cm)
M =− q= =
p p−f 26.1 cm − (−33.3 cm)
q = −M p = 6 p , so = −14.6318 cm .

which has a magnitude of 14.6318 cm .

1 1 1 7
= + =
f p 6p 6p 009 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points
6p The image is
f=
7   
7 7 1. virtual, inverted, and smaller.
p=f = (69 cm)
6 6
= 80.5 cm so 2. virtual, erect, and larger.
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 02 – yao – (54790) 5
Find the location of the final image q2 with
3. virtual, erect, and smaller. correct respect to lens #2. Take q2 to be positive
if it is to the right of lens #2 and negative
4. real, erect, and larger. otherwise.

5. does not exist. 4

1. q2 = + a
5
6. virtual, inverted, and larger. 2. q2 = −a

7. real, erect, and smaller. 1

3. q2 = − a
5
8. real, inverted, and smaller. 4. q2 = +a
9. real, inverted, and larger. 2
5. q2 = + a correct
Explanation: 5
q < 0 (the image is on the same side of the 3
6. q2 = + a
lens as the object), so the image is virtual, 5
and the magnification is 3
7. q2 = − a
5
q −14.6318 cm
M =− =− = 0.560606 . 2
p 26.1 cm 8. q2 = − a
5
0 < M < 1, so the image is erect and 4
9. q2 = − a
smaller than the object. 5
1
10. q2 = + a
010 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points 5
What is the magnitude of the magnification Explanation:
of the image? Let us first consider the image formed by
lens #1. The object position is p1 = 2 a and
Correct answer: 0.560606. using the lens equation
Explanation:
1 1 1
= −
M = 0.560606 . q1 f1 p1
1 1
= −
a 2a
011 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
Consider the setup of the two-lens system and solving for q1 , q1 = 2 a. Thus, the image
shown in the figure, where the separation of formed by lens #1 is beyond lens #2. Being
the two lenses is denoted by d = 1.5 a. Their to the right of this lens, this image will be a
focal lengths are respectively f1 = a and f2 = virtual object for that lens, with
2 a. An object is placed at a distance 2 a to
p2 = −|p2 | = d − q1 = −0.5 a.
the left of lens # 1.
#1 #2 #1 #2

P1 = 2a d = 1.5a 2a |P2| = 0.5a

 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 02 – yao – (54790) 6
So,
4. real, enlarged and inverted
1 1 1
= −
q2 f2 p2 5. real, reduced and inverted correct
1 1
= −
2 a (−0.5) a 6. virtual, reduced and inverted
2.5
= ,
a 7. virtual, enlarged and inverted
thus q2 = 0.4 a .
8. real, reduced and upright
012 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points Explanation:
Determine the magnification if lens #2 were The total magnification of the system is
absent; i.e., the magnification of lens #1. Mtotal = M1 M2 . The magnification of lens
#1 is
1. M1 = 1.5 q1 2a
M1 = − = − = −1.
p1 2a
2. M1 = 2 The magnification of the second lens is
q2 0.4 a
M2 = − = − = +0.8 .
3. M1 = −1.5 p2 −0.5 a
The total magnification is
4. M1 = 1
Mtotal = (−1) (0.8) = −0.8 .
5. M1 = −2 This implies that the final image is reduced
and inverted. On the other hand, since q2 > 0,
6. M1 = −0.5 the image is real and is formed to the right of
lens #2.
7. M1 = −2.5
014 10.0 points
8. M1 = 0.5 The distance of the lens in the human eye from
the retina, on which the image is focused, is
9. M1 = −1 correct about 1.7 cm.
To focus on a book 67.6 cm from the eye,
10. M1 = 2.5 what must the focal length of the eye be?
Explanation: Correct answer: 1.6583 cm.
See Part 3.
If lens #2 were not there, Explanation:
The lens equation is
M = M1 = −1 . 1 1 1
+ = .
p q f
For the lens in the human eye, both p and q
013 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
are positive.
Determine the properties of the final image
1
for the present two-lens problem. f=
1 1
+
1. virtual, enlarged and upright p q
1
=
2. real, enlarged and upright 1 1
+
(67.6 cm) (1.7 cm)
3. virtual, reduced and upright = 1.6583 cm .
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 02 – yao – (54790) 7

015 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points

The nearpoint of an eye is 140 cm. A cor-
rective lens is to be used to allow this eye to y
clearly focus on objects 25 cm in front of it. S1
θ
What should be the focal length of this d
lens?

viewing
screen
S2

Correct answer: 30.4348 cm. L

Explanation: At the sixth bright fringe on the screen (po-

sition y on the screen), δ (the corresponding
Given : p = 25 cm and path length difference) and φ (the phase angle
difference) is given by
q = −140 cm .
7
From the lens equation 1. δ = λ and φ = 7π
2
2. δ = 4 λ and φ = 8π
1 1 1 q+p
= + =
f p q pq 3. δ = 2 λ and φ = 4π
pq
f=
p+q 4. δ = 5 λ and φ = 10 π
(25 cm)(−140 cm)
=
25 cm + (−140 cm) 5. δ = 7 λ and φ = 14 π
= 30.4348 cm . 3
6. δ = λ and φ = 3π
2
7. δ = 6 λ and φ = 12 π correct
016 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
What is the power of the needed corrective 11
lens? 8. δ = λ and φ = 11 π
2

Correct answer: 3.28571 diopters. 9. δ = 3 λ and φ = 6π

9
Explanation: 10. δ = λ and φ = 9 π
Power of a lens is the reciprocal of the focal 2
length in meters: Explanation:
For bright fringes
1
P = δ = d sin θ = m λ ,
f
1 100 cm where m = 0 , ±1 , ±2 , ±3 , so for the sixth
= ·
30.4348 cm 1m bright fringe (m = 6),
= 3.28571 diopters .
δ = mλ = 6 λ and

017 10.0 points

A screen is illuminated by monochromatic δ φ
= =6
light whose wave length is λ, as shown. The λ 2π
distance from the slits to the screen is L . φ = 12 π .
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 02 – yao – (54790) 8

018 10.0 points r1

A screen is illuminated by monochromatic
light as shown in the figure below. S1
The distance from the slits to the screen is  y
3.4 m . −1
θ = t an L
d
r2 ◦
θ

1.4 cm
0
Q S 1
≈9 r1
S2 6 S2
Q
≈ r2 −
0.76 mm

S1 nθ
θ
≈ d si
δ

viewing
screen
S2

3.4 m Solution: The angle θ from the slits’ mid-

point to the y position on the screen is
What is the wave length if the distance from hyi
the central bright region to the seventh dark θ = arctan
fringe is 1.4 cm . L 
(0.014 m)
= arctan
Correct answer: 481.444 nm. (3.4 m)
= 0.00411762 rad .
Explanation:
Basic Concepts: For bright fringes, we The wavelength of the light for the seventh
have dark fringe, m = 6, is
d sin θ = m λ , d sin θ
λ=  
1
and for dark fringes, we have m+
2
  (0.00076 m) sin(0.00411762 rad)
1 =
d sin θ = m + λ, (6.5)
2 −7
= 4.81444 × 10 m
where m = 0 , ±1 , ±2 , ±3 , · · · . = 481.444 nm .
From geometry, we have y = L tan θ .
019 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
A spectrometer uses a grating with
Let : y = 1.4 cm = 0.014 m , 11000 lines/cm.
L = 3.4 m , and Find the angle at which red light, 635 nm,
d = 0.76 mm = 0.00076 m . has the first-order bright band.

◦ P Correct answer: 44.3068◦ .

6 S2 Q S1 ≈ 90
Explanation:
Basic Concepts
viewing
screen

r1  y y
−1 For diffraction gratings,
an
S1
r2 θ = t L
xd 1
d O
λ= = d sin θ = sin θ
S2
Q L n
δ ≈ d sin θ ≈ r2 − r1 sin θ = nλ
L
θ = arcsin(nλ)
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 02 – yao – (54790) 9
Dimensional analysis of nλ: Basic Concepts: For the constructive in-
terference,
1 100 cm 1 m
nm · = rad
cm 1 m 109 nm 1
2 n d = (m + ) λ, (m = 0, 1, 2, ...).
2
020 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points Solution: In the center, m = 0, so
Find the angle at which blue light, 424.4 nm,
has the first-order bright band. λ 640 nm
d= = = 100.629 nm.
4n 4(1.59)
Correct answer: 27.8294◦.
Explanation: 023 10.0 points
An oil film (n = 1.57) floating on water (n =
021 10.0 points 1.33) is illuminated by white light at normal
A material with an index of refraction of 1.3 incidence. The film is 286 nm thick. The
is used to coat glass. reflected light will be predominately a single
What is the minimum thickness of the coat- color.
ing that will minimize the reflection of light Find the wavelength of the dominant visible
with a wavelength of 4280 Å? The index of light among the reflected light. Take the range
refraction of glass is 1.5. of visible light to be 400-700 nm.

Correct answer: 0.0823077 µm. Correct answer: 598.693 nm.

Explanation: Explanation:
The general condition of the phase differ-
ence of the two reflected rays leading to max-
Let : n = 1.3 , ima is given by:
λ = 4280 Å , and (1) (2)
ng = 1.5 . φ = φpath + |φref l − φref l | = 2π m .

Since nair < ncoating < nglass , the reflected This implies that:
light from both the glass and the coating will  
2π n
undergo a 180◦ phase shift and the trip inside 2π m = × (2t) + π
1 λ
the coating must be exactly λ for destruc-
2 or
tive interference. Thus 2t n
λ= .
m − 1/2
λ 4280 Å 106 µm 1m Using t = 286 nm, for m = 1,
t= =
4n 4 (1.3) 1 m 1 × 1010 Å λ = 4n t = 1796.08 nm ,
= 0.0823077 µm .
which is in the infrared region and outside of
visible light range(400-700 nm).
022 10.0 points For m=2,
The light reflected from a soap bubble of index
2n t
1.59 appears red (λ = 640 nm) at its center. λ= = 598.693 nm .
What is the minimum thickness? 3/2
This is within the range of visible light.
Correct answer: 100.629 nm.
Explanation: 024 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 02 – yao – (54790) 10
Two rectangular, optically flat glass plates where λN = λ, since the intervening medium
(of index of refraction 1.44) are in con- is actually air, and the π contribution arises
tact along one end and are separated along from reflection off the bottom slab. We then
the other end by a sheet of paper that is want the largest possible integer N such that
42 µm thick. The top plate is illuminated by destructive interference occurs; i.e.,
monochromatic light (of wavelength 600 nm).  
An interference pattern results from the re- 1
φmax ≥ 2 π N −
flection of this light by the bottom surface 2
of the top plate and the top surface of the 2t
N≤ + 1 , so
bottom plate. λ

 
2t
N = integer +1
λ
What is the phase change as the light is
2 (4.2 × 10−5 m)
 
reflected from the top surface of the bottom = +1
glass plate? 6 × 10−7 m
= 140 .
1. ∆φ = π correct

2. none of these
π
3. ∆φ =
2
4. ∆φ = 0

5. ∆φ = 2 π
Explanation:
Since glass is optically denser than air, the
phase change of light upon reflection from
glass is π.

025 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points

Calculate the number of dark parallel bands
crossing the top plate including the dark band
at zero separation along the line of contact.
The last dark band is to be counted if and
only if its center (where the intensity is zero)
is present.

Correct answer: 140.

Explanation:
The largest possible phase difference φmax
arises from using the largest possible path
difference dmax with the paper of thickness t;
i.e.,

2π 4πt
φmax = dmax + π = +π,
λN λ