CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

In recent years, due to the technological advances of technology industry, as

well as the upgrading of the consumption capacity, the portable electronic products
such as smart phones and tablet PC have become indispensable equipment now.
These electronic products need an adequate supply of electricity in order to maintain
the product operation. Most of the devices use rechargeable batteries as its power
source. Although rechargeable batteries can reduce environmental pollution but
each company charger is not the same. The users feel inconvenient and the
environmental pollution is generated.
Traditionally, power transmission is operated by metal contact. This method is
easy to use and satisfy most of the users. However, when people began to require of
higher quality, safety and reliability power, contact power transmission will be
shortcomings for many practical applications. For example, in oil wells, mines, and
other mining situations, the sparks on the metal contact point may cause explosion. On
the application of biomedical technology, if the artificial device of the human body
using traditional contact charging will only create a big surgery risk but also increase
the patient’s pain and inconvenience. Traditional contact power transmission is not a
convenient operation in everyday life. Therefore, under the special environment of
wireless transmission, is a safe and convenient transfer of power.
1.2 Problem Statement

Using the microwave as the method of wireless power transmission

technology to provide energy for small power equipment, the problem of
electromagnetic radiation on the surrounding environment is one to be resolved.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The objective of this study is to design of an antenna and circuit for integrating
RFID and wireless power transmission. Specifically, this project aims to:
1. develop a design process, simulation and analysis of the RFID tag
antenna in order to use the concept of loop antenna; and
2. create an architectural system design and simulation for the wireless power
transmission.

1.4 Significance of the Study

Wireless power transfer, has been around us for decades in applications such
as telemetry, satellite communications, and radio frequency identification (RFID)
tags. Most of these applications transfer low amounts of power, in the range of
microwatts to milliwatts, for data transfer.
The most common method of wireless power transfer is through inductive
coupling. Inductive wireless power transfer offers several benefits over wired
connection and is applied in numerous applications such as wearable electronics,
health care, and automotive industry.
This study hoped to provide a systematic design of an antenna for
integrating wireless power transmission.

1.5 Scope and Limitations of the Study

This research focuses on the design and simulation of the wireless power
transmission system using the microwave as the method of the said technology to
provide energy for small power equipment, the problem of electromagnetic
radiation on the surrounding environment is one to be resolved.
The big drawback of wireless power transmission system is low efficiency.
Although this system is safety and convenient, but the transfer efficiency is much
lower than traditional wired power transmission system due to no metal contact.
The most important issue of wireless power transfer system is how to improve
efficiency. Thus, it’s the main scope of this research.

1.6 Definition of Terms

The following terms listed below are conceptually defined so that the readers
will understand what is meant when certain key terms are used. The terms will be
extensively used in the succeeding chapters.

a. Antenna – is the interface between radio waves propagating through space

and electric currents moving in metal conductors and can be transmitting or
receiving antenna.
b. Electromagnetic radiation - is a form of energy that is all around us and
takes many forms, such as radio waves, microwaves, X-rays and gamma
rays. Sunlight is also a form of EM energy, but visible light is only a small
portion of the EM spectrum, which contains a broad range of
electromagnetic wavelengths.
c. Radio Frequency - any of the electromagnetic wave frequencies that lie in
the range extending from below 3 kilohertz to about 300 GHz and that
include the frequencies used for communications signals (as for radio and
television broadcasting and cell-phone and satellite transmissions) or radar
signals.
d. RFID - is an acronym for “radio-frequency identification” and refers to a
technology whereby digital data encoded in RFID tags or smart labels are
captured by a reader via radio waves. RFID is similar to barcoding in that
data from a tag or label are captured by a device that stores the data in a
database.
e. Waveform - set of transformations applied to information to be transmitted
and the corresponding set of transformations to convert received signals
back to their information content representation of a signal in space. The
representation of transmitted RF signal plus optional additional radio
functions up to and including all network layers.
f. Wireless power transfer (WPT) - is the transmission of electrical
energy without wires as a physical link. In a wireless power transmission
system, a transmitter device, driven by electric power from a power source,
generates a time-varying electromagnetic field, which transmits power
 across space to a receiver device, which extracts power from the field and
supplies it to an electrical load.

1.7 Novelty of Works

This study is related to Design of Antennas and Circuit for Integrating RFID
and Wireless Charging Systems. As a demonstration, this wireless charging circuit is
to work for charging a battery of a mobile phone. The RFID antenna with a chip and
the charging antenna are fabricated on one single PCB. Then the charging circuit
follows the antenna and feeds the energy into a battery. The inner coil antenna is for
RFID/NFC (13.56 MHz); and the outer coil antenna is for wireless charging operation
(7.68 MHz).
This proposed study aims to achieve a higher wireless transmission. Also, a
different antenna design and charging circuit is achieve for a higher wireless
transmission. Model of this antenna is established by the help of full-wave simulation
toll – CST.