1. Component of the GI tract mucosa does not include?

A. Lamina propria
B. Submucosa plexus
C. Muscularis mucosae
D. Epithelia
E. None of the above
Answer: B. Submucosa plexus

2. What is defined as the process by which food is broken down into simple chemical substances
that can be absorbed and used as nutrients by the body?
A. Absorption
B. Bioavailability
C. Digestion
D. Peristalsis
E. Mastication.
Answer: C. Digestion

3. The functions of digestive system include the following except?

A. Ingestion or consumption of food substances
B. Breaking them into small particles
C. Transport of small particles to different areas of the digestive tract
D. Secretion of necessary enzymes and other substances for digestion
E. None of the above
Answer: E. None of the above

4. Primary digestive organs include the following except?

A. Mouth
B. Salivary glands
C. Pharynx
D. Esophagus
E. Stomach
Answer: B. Salivary glands

5. The GIT is controlled by

A. Its own intrinsic nervous system (auerbach and meissner plexuses).
B. The sympathetic N.S.
C. The para sympathetic N.S.
D. Only B&C.
E. A, B & C.
Answer: E. A, B and C.

6. The following are major salivary glands except?

A. Parotid glands
B. Submaxillary
C. submandibular glands
D. Sublingual glands
E. None of the above
Answer: E. None of the above

7. Saliva contains the carbohydrate-digesting enzyme called,

A. pepsin
B. carboxypeptidase
C. amylase
D. trypsin
E. lipase
Answer: C. amylase

8. The following are parts of the stomach except?

A. Cardiac region
B. Fundus
C. Body or corpus
D. Ventricular region
E. Pyloric region
Answer: D. Ventricular region

9. Which of the following is NOT involved in swallowing?

A. Contracture of the upper esophageal sphincter.
B. Coordination by the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata.
C. The approximation of the vocal cords to close the glottis.
D. The raising of the larynx to close its entrance.
E. The elevation of the soft palate to close the nasopharynx.
Answer: A. Contracture of the upper esophageal sphincter.

10. In a healthy human, the digestion of proteins is most likely to begin in the:
A. jejunum
B. duodenum
C. stomach
D. ileum
E. mouth
Answer: C. stomach

11. Which of the following sphincters does NOT prevent reflux of material?
A. Lower esophageal sphincter
B. Gastroduodenal sphincter.
C. Ileocolonic sphincter
D. Internal anal sphincter
E. None of the above
Answer: D. Internal anal sphincter.
12. Which of the following swallowing disorders results from the failure of organized peristaltic
behavior, or the simultaneous contraction all along the smooth muscle.
A. Diffuse spasm.
B. Dysphasia
C. Achalasia.
D. Myelphasia.
E. Trachiasia.
Answer: A. Diffuse spasm.

13. Choose the correct listing of the anatomical divisions of the stomach in the direction food
normally passes.
A. Corpus, fundus, antrum.
B. Fundus, antrum, corpus.
C. Antrum, corpus, fundus.
D. Fundus, corpus, antrum.
E. Corpus, antrum, fundus.
Answer: D. Fundus, corpus, antrum.

14. Which of the following is NOT a component of saliva?

A. Alpha-amylase and ligual lipase.
B. Mucin and muramidase.
C. Bicarbonate and magnesium.
D. Protease and peptidase.
E. Lactoferrin and ABO blood group substances
Answer: D. Protease and peptidase.

15. Which of the following does NOT regulate gastric acid secretion?
A. Vagus nerve stimulation.
B. Cholecystokinin.
C. Histamine
D. Gastrin
E. Acetylcholine
Answer: B. Cholecystokinin.

16. Components of the intestinal mucosa combine to increase the surface area to 600 times that
of a cylinder. Which component makes the greatest contribution to increasing the surface area?
A. The folds
B. The villi
C. The microvilli
D. The cilia
E. Non of the above
Answer: C. The microvilli

17. Bile:
A. is secreted by the pancreas
B. enters the colon through the pyloric sphincter
C. contains cholesterol, lecithin, and bile salts
D. is stored in the salivary glands
E. impairs the digestion and absorption of fats
Answer: C. contains cholesterol, lecithin, and bile salts

18. Which of the following is NOT considered a fat-soluble vitamin?

A. vitamin B12
B. vitamin K
C. vitamin E
D. vitamin A
E. vitamin D
Answer: A. vitamin B12

19. The progressive wave of muscle contractions that proceeds along the esophagus,
compressing the lumen and forcing food ahead of it is called:
A. primary peristalsis
B. segmentation
C. the migrating myoelectric complex
D. haustration
E. mass movement
Answer: A. primary peristalsis

20. Vitamin B12 is absorbed mainly in the:

A. stomach
B. ileum
C. colon
D. jejunum
E. duodenum
Answer: B. ileum

21. The functions of GIT include the following except?

A. Excretion
B. Motility
C. Secretion
D. Digestion
E. Endocrine function
Answer: A. Excretion

22. The following are significances of mastication except?

A. Breakdown of foodstuffs into smaller particles
B. Mixing of saliva with food substances thoroughly
C. Lubrication and moistening of dry food by saliva
D. Appreciation of taste of the food.
E. None of the above
Answer: E. None of the above
23. Which of the following is not a muscle of mastication
A. Masseter muscle
B. Temporal muscle
C. Oblique muscle
D. Pterygoid muscles
E. Buccinator muscle.
Answer: C. Oblique muscle

24. Stratified squamous epithelial cells line the inner layer of each of the following except?
A. inner surface of mouth,
B. Inner surface of the large intestine
C. surface of tongue,
D. inner surface of pharynx
E. inner surface of esophagus
Answer: B. Inner surface of the large intestine

25. Columnar epithelial cells line the inner layer of each of the following except?
A. Esophagus
B. Stomach,
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine
E. None of the above
Answer: A. Esophagus

26. The lamina propria is formed by connective tissues containing all of the following except?
A. Fibro blasts
B. Macrophages
C. Lymphocytes
D. Eosinophils
E. None of the above
Answer: E. None of the above

27. All of the following is correct about the mucosa layer of the wall of the GI tract except?
A. It is the innermost layer of the wall of GI tract.
B. It is also called gastrointestinal mucosa
C. It is also called gastrointestinal mucus membrane
D. It contains smooth muscle fibers
E. It faces the cavity of GI tract
Answer: D. It contains oblique muscle fibers

28. The mucosa contains the following layer of structures except,

A. Epithelial lining
B. Lamina propria
C. Muscularis mucosa.
D. None of the above
E. Only A and B
Answer: D. None of the above

29. Parts of the gastrointestinal tract include the following except?

A. Mouth
B. Larynx
C. Cecum
D. Anus
E. Rectum
Answer: B. Larynx

30. The following are accessory parts of the GIT except?

A. Oesophagus
B. Pancreas
C. Liver
D. Salivary gland
E. All of the above
Answer: A. Oesophagus

31. The muscular layer in each of the following contains skeletal muscle fibers except?
A. lips
B. Cheeks
C. Wall of pharynx
D. Stomach
E. None of the above
Answer: D. Stomach

32. The muscle fibers in stomach are arranged in three layers as?
A. Inner circular layer - Middle oblique layer- Outer longitudinal layer
B. Inner oblique layer - Middle circular layer- Outer longitudinal layer.
C. Inner longitudinal layer - Middle oblique layer- Outer circular layer
D. Inner oblique layer - Middle longitudinal layer- Outer circular layer
E. Inner longitudinal layer - Middle circular layer- Outer oblique layer
Answer: B. Inner oblique layer - Middle circular layer- Outer longitudinal layer.

33. The smooth muscle fibers in the intestine are arranged in two layers as?
A. Inner longitudinal layer – Outer circular layer
B. Inner circular layer – Outer oblique layer
C. Inner circular layer - Outer longitudinal layer
D. Inner longitudinal layer - Outer oblique layer
E. Inner oblique layer – Outer circular layer
Answer: C. Inner circular layer - Outer longitudinal layer.

34. One of the following is incorrect

A. Auerbach nerve plexus is present between the circular and longitudinal muscle fibers.
B. The smooth muscle fibers in the inner circular layer of anal canal constitute internal anal
sphincter.
C. Wall of the stomach and intestine is formed by both skeletal and smooth muscle fibers
D. The external anal sphincter is formed by skeletal muscle fibers
E. The esophagus has both skeletal and smooth muscle fibers.
Answer: C. Wall of the stomach and intestine is formed by both skeletal and smooth muscle
fibers

35. Which of the following is not a duct draining the salivary gland?
A. Stenson’s duct
B. Pancraetic duct
C. Ducts of ravinus
D. Warthton’s duct
E. None of the above
Answer: B. Pancraetic duct

36. The meissner plexus; otherwise called submucosa nerve plexus, is situated in?
A. between the inner circular muscle layer and the outer longitudinal muscle layer
B. in the submucosal layer of GI tract.
C. between the inner oblique layer and middle longitudinal layer
D. between the inner longitudinal layer - outer oblique layer
E. between the inner oblique layer – outer circular layer
Answer: B. in the submucosal layer of GI tract

37. Nerve supply to the GI tract is?

A. Intrinsic nerve supply
B. Extrinsic nerve supply
C. Auerbach plexus
D. A and C
E. A and B
Answer: E. A and B

38. The major function of the Meissner plexus is to?

A. Regulate the movements of GI tract.
B. Regulation of secretory functions of GI tract
C. Inhibit the movements and decrease the secretions of GI tract
D. Accelerate the movements and increase the secretions of GI tract.
E. All of the above
Answer: B. Regulation of secretory functions of GI tract

39. The major function of the parasympathetic nerve fibers is to?

A. Regulate the movements of GI tract.
B. Regulation of secretory functions of GI tract
C. Inhibit the movements and decrease the secretions of GI tract
D. Accelerate the movements and increase the secretions of GI tract.
E. None of the above
Answer: D. Accelerate the movements and increase the secretions of GI tract.
40. The major function of the sympathetic nerve fibers is to?
A. Regulate the movements of GI tract.
B. Regulation of secretory functions of GI tract
C. Inhibit the movements and decrease the secretions of GI tract
D. Accelerate the movements and increase the secretions of GI tract.
E. None of the above
Answer: C. Inhibit the movements and decrease the secretions of GI tract

41. The major function of the Auerbach plexus is to?

A. Regulate the movements of GI tract.
B. Regulation of secretory functions of GI tract
C. Inhibit the movements and decrease the secretions of GI tract
D. Accelerate the movements and increase the secretions of GI tract.
E. All of the above
Answer: A. Regulate the movements of GI tract.

42. All of the following are correct about parotid glands except?
A. They are the largest of all salivary glands
B. Secretions from these glands are emptied into the oral cavity by Stensen duct
C. Saliva from these glands is emptied into the oral cavity by Wharton duct
D. It is situated at the side of the face just below and in front of the ear.
E. The duct from the parotid gland opens inside the cheek against the upper second molar tooth
Answer: C. Saliva from these glands is emptied into the oral cavity by Wharton duct

43. All of the following are correct about submaxillary glands except?
A. Saliva from these glands is emptied into the oral cavity by Wharton duct
B. The duct opens at the side of frenulum of tongue
C. The duct opens by means of a small opening on the summit of papilla called caruncula
sublingualis.
D. They are located in submaxillary triangle, medial to mandible
E. Secretions from these glands are emptied into the oral cavity by Stensen duct
Answer: E. Secretions from these glands are emptied into the oral cavity by Stensen duct

44. All of the following are correct about sublingual glands except?
A. They are the smallest salivary glands
B. they are situated in the mucosa at the floor of the mouth.
C. These ducts open on small papillae beneath the tongue
D. Secretions from these glands are emptied into the oral cavity by Stensen duct
E. Saliva from these glands emptied by small ducts called ducts of Rivinus
Answer: D. Secretions from these glands are emptied into the oral cavity by Stensen duct

45. One of the following is incorrect about salivary glands

A. Parotid glands and lingual glands are the serous glands
B. Submandibular, sublingual and labial glands are the mixed glands
C. Parotid glands and sublingual glands are the serous glands
D. Mucus glands are mainly made up of mucus cells
E. Serous glands are mainly made up of serous cells
Answer: C. Parotid glands and sublingual glands are the serous glands

46. All of the following except one is a normal Composition of saliva

A. Mucin
B. Glucose
C. Water
D. Bicarbonate
E. Lysozyme
Answer: B. Glucose

47. Hyposalivation occurs in all of the following except?

A. Emotional conditions like fear.
B. Fever.
C. Nausea and vomiting
D. Dehydration.
E. Salivary glands hypoplasia
Answer: C. Nausea and vomiting

48. The following are the types of gastric glands except?

A. Fundic glands
B. Pyloric glands
C. Cardiac glands
D. Parotid glands
E. Brunner glands
Answer: D. Parotid glands

49. The following are the Composition of the human adult gastric juice except?
A. Pepsin
B. Urease
C. Rennin
D. Sodium
E. Mucus
Answer: C. Rennin

50. The following are the functions of hydrochloric acid present in the gastric juice except?
A. Activates pepsinogen into pepsin
B. Kills some of the bacteria entering the stomach along with food substances.
C. it hydrolyzes tributyrin (butter fat) into fatty acids and glycerols
D. Provides acid medium necessary for the action of hormones
E. None of the above
Answer: C. it hydrolyzes tributyrin (butter fat) into fatty acids and glycerols

51. Digestion of which of these would not start from the mouth?
A. CHO
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Starch
E. None of the above
Answer: B. Protein

52. Which part of the gut absorbs more water?

A. Stomach
B. Large intestine
C. Small intestine
D. One A and C
E. Esophagus
Answer: C. Small intestine

53. The hepato-pancreatic duct is gaurded by?

A. Sphincter of oddi
B. Internal anal sphincter
C. lower oesophageal sphincter
D. ileo-ceacal valve
E. None of the above
Answer: A. Sphincter of oddi

54. Saliva is primarily produced from?

A. Blood
B. ECF
C. ICF
D. A and B
E. Interstitial
Answer: D. A and B

55. Comparing electrolytes in plasma and saliva

A. Potassium is higher in saliva
B. Bicarbonate is higher in saliva
C. A and B are correct
D. A and B are false
E. None of the above
Answer: C. A and B are correct

56. Which of these is not correct about movement of the small intestine?
A. Both longitudinal and circular muscles are responsible
B. Gastro enteric reflex stops the movement
C. Atropine may inhibit the movement
D. Extrinsic and intrinsic nerve are involve
E. None of the above
Answer: B. Gastro enteric reflex stops the movement

57. On gastric emptying which of the following is correct?

A. Non isotonic solution empties faster than isotonic
B. Enterogastron inhibits
C. CCK promotes
D. Secretin promotes
E. Protein stimulates
Answer: B. Enterogastron inhibits

58. Which Cranial Nerve will likely not be involve in the control of deglutition?
A. IV
B. V
C. IX
D. XII
E. XI
Answer: A. IV

59. Area called the deglutition centre is located in the?

A. Cerebrum
B. Medulla
C. Cerebellum
D. Pituitary
E. Cerebral cortex
Answer: B. Medulla

60. Deglutition apnea occurs at which stage of swallowing?

A. Oral
B. Pharygeal
C. Oesophageal
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
Answer: B. Pharygeal

61. The following will raise during swallowing except?

A. Hard palate
B. Soft palate
C. Larynx
D. Only B and C
E. None of the above
Answer: A. Hard palate

62. The following will increase the lower oesophageal sphincter tone except?
A. Gastrin
B. Progesterone
C. VIP
D. B and C
E. None of the above
Answer: D. B and C
63. Which of the following is correct about Achalacia cardia?
A. The upper oesophageal sphincter fails to relax
B. The pyloric sphincter fails to relax
C. Food accumulate in the stomach
D. Food accumulate in the oesophagus
E. There is ulceration of the colon
Answer: D. Food accumulate in the oesophagus

64. Which of the following is not correct about Hirschprung disease?

A. The dilated part has nerve supply
B. It is also called aganglionic mega-colon
C. There is chronic constipation
D. It is a common disease in adult
E. One A and B are correct
Answer: D. It is a common disease in adult

65. The part of the GIT re-inforced with oblique muscle is the?
A. Stomach
B. Anus
C. Rectum
D. Small intestine
E. Large intestine
Answer: A. Stomach

66. Concerning peptic ulcer disease, which of the following is correct?

A. The large intestine is normally affected
B. The small intestine is more affected
C. The causal agent is usually viral
D. The causal agent may be bacterial
E. It only occurs in the mouth
Answer: D. The causal agent may be bacterial

67. Concerning crohn’s disease, which of the following is not correct?

A. It affects both small and large intestine
B. There are ulcers in the affected parts
C. It affects only the large intestine
D. It is one of the inflammatory bowel diseases
E. The inflammation causes malabsorption and diarrhea
Answer: C. It affects only the large intestine

68. All of the following are correct about diarrhea except?

A. Diastop is a good drug for treatment in children
B. The stool takes the shape of the container
C. Bacterial can be a cause
D. The stool is frequent and watery
E. Viral infections can be a cause
Answer: A. Diastop is a good drug for treatment in children

69. Concerning constipation, which of the following is incorrect?

A. It is also called indigestion
B. It occurs in Hirschprung disease
C. Soap and water enema may be used for management
D. Overfeeding is a cause
E. Starvation is a cause
Answer: E. Starvation is a cause

70. The dental formula is

A. 1/1 + 2/2 + 3/3 + 2/2
B. 1/1 + 3/3 + 2/2 + 3/3
C. 2/2 + 1/1 + +2/2 + 3/3
D. 2/2 + 1/1 + 3/3 + 2/2
E. 3/3 + 1/1 + 2/3 + 1/4
Answer: C. 2/2 + 1/1 + +2/2 + 3/3