Carpentry and Masonry
Trees are cut into logs and
1. Find the total number of
board feet of six pieces of
lumber with a dimension of 2" x
4" x 12'.
a. 8 bd. ft. b. 96 bd. ft.
c. 48 bd. ft. d. 480 bd. ft.
2. There are numerous kinds of
saw. When sawing along the
grain of wood, you need a
________.
a. back saw
b. cross cut saw
c. rip saw
d. circular saw
3. Fastening materials are
important in woodworks. The
most common of these
materials is ________.
a. dowel b. bolts
c. screw d. nails
4. A wood product made of
three or more veneer slice that
are laid one upon the other and
bonded with glue or synthetic
resin is ________.
a. Pressed wood b. Plywood
c. Particle board d. Soft wood
5. The strongest form of wood
joint applicable for table legs is
________.
a. miter
b. mortise and tenon
c. dado
d. butt and lap
6. In carpentry, splicing or
joining of wood using two side
blocks is called:
a. Lapping b. Scarfing
c. Fishing d. Jointing
7. There is considerable
number of wood joints. The
simplest and easiest to make is
________.
a. Lap joint b. Dado joint
c. Miter joint d. Butt joint
8. A triangular file is used to
sharpen a saw. What is the
angle of the file set against the
bevel of the tooth of a cross cut 17.
saw?
a. 30 degrees b. 45 degrees
c. 90 degrees d. 60 degrees
9. A saw angle should be
adjusted depending on the kind
of wood. What is the
recommended angle for soft
and thin wood?
a. 30-45 degrees b. 60 degrees
c. 80 degrees d. 20 degrees
10. Which is considered to be
the oldest and most commonly
used building material?
a. Cement b. Wood
c. Steel d. Sand
11. A wood which is obtained
from conifers and are used for
framing?
a. Hard wood b. Soft wood
c. Dark wood d. Brown wood
12. Which wood is obtained
from deciduous trees?
a. Hard wood b. Soft wood
c. Dark wood d. Brown wood
13. Which is a binding agent
that reacts with water to form
a hard stone-like substance?
a. Glue b. Cement
c. Mortar d. Grout
14. It is the process of changing
the color for the tabletop using
varnish.
a.Staining b.Bleaching
c.Blending d.Coloring
15. This tool is designed for
cutting irregular shapes and
curves on thin pieces of wood.
a.Coping saw b.Crosscut saw
c.Hack saw d.Rip saw
16. It is the building of
structures from individual units
laid in and bound together by
mortar.
a.Masonry
b.Building Construction
c.Carpentry
d.Housing
processed into
______________.
a.Heartwood of lumber
b.Dry wood part
c.Lumber
d.Sapwood
18. Which lumber has been cut
tangentially to the growth rings
and the fiber runs about 90
degrees to the face?
a.Close grain b.Angle grain
c.Edge grain d.Flat grain
19. Which lumber has been cut
from logs radially to the growth
rings and the fiber runs about
parallel to the face?
a.Close grain b.Angle grain
c.Edge grain d.Flat grain
20. Which lumber has wood
fiber that does not run parallel
to the board?
a.Close grain b.Angle grain
c.Edge grain d.Flat grain
21. Which lumber has wood
fibers that are packed closely
together?
a.Close grain b.Angle grain
c.Edge grain d.Flat grain
22. What makes the door swing
when you close and open it?
a.Door shutter b.Door hinge
c.Door knob d.Door lock
23. If you want to go upstairs,
which part do you step on?
a.Handle b.Handrail
c.Read d.Riser
24. A carpenter wants to
construct a stair, what could be
the standard height of the
riser?
a. 5-6 inches b. 6-8 inches
c. 8-10 inches d. 10-12 inches
25. In masonry works, it is
necessary to wear protective
equipment, EXCEPT:
a. mask b. goggles
c. gloves d. ear muffs
26. In the construction site,
what protects the carpenter
from falling objects?
a. Hat b. Belt and harness
c. Helmet d. Shed
27. These are compress baked
clay that are processed into
workable materials?
a. Stone b. Sand c. Bricks d. CHB
28. A carpenter makes a picture
frame. Which type of joint is
appropriate?
a. Dado joint b. Tenon joint
c. Lap joint d. Miter joint
29. A carpenter fixes shelves of
a bookcase. Which type of joint
is appropriate?
a. Dado joint
b. Mortise and Tenon joint
c. Lap joint
d. Miter joint
30. In which wood joint is the
end of one member inserted to
hole of the other member?
a. Dado joint
b. Mortise and Tenon joint
c. Lap joint
d. Miter joint
31. Which wood joint describes
the technique for joining two
pieces by putting one side over
the other?
a. Dado joint b. Butt joint
c. Lap joint d. Miter joint
32. Which wood joint describes
the technique for joining two
pieces by putting one end over
the other?
a. Dado joint b. Butt joint
c. Lap joint d. Miter joint
33. Which is the simplest type
of wood joint?
a. Dado joint b. Butt joint
c. Lap joint d. Miter joint
34. Which wood joint describes
the technique for joining two
pieces by cutting of 45 degrees
angle?
a. Rabbet joint b. Butt joint
c. Lap joint d. Miter joint
35. Which wood joint protects
the room occupants from
seeing outside?
a. Rabbet joint b. Butt joint
c. Bridle joint d. Miter joint
36. Which wood joint is used to
support the middle of a bench?
a. Dado joint b. Butt joint
c. Bridle joint d. Miter joint
37. 5 pcs. of a 1" x 1' x 8'
lumber is how many board
feet?
a. 30 b. 35 c. 40 d. 45
38. A 2" x 3" x 12' lumber is
how many board feet?
a. 2 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10
39. One decameter of G.I.
sheets is how many
centimeters?
a. 10 b. 20 c. 100 d. 1,000
40. 10 yards length of wood is
how many feet?
a. 36 b. 35 c. 30 d. 24
41. If you have 2 yards length of
a piece of wood, how long is it
in inches?
a. 82 b. 72 c. 84 d. 64
42. If you have 2 ft length of a
piece of wood, how long is it in
inches?
a. 25 b. 12 c. 22 d. 24
43. Which unit is the basic
linear unit of a Metric system?
a. foot b. meter c. yard d. inch
44. Which unit is the basic
linear unit of an English
system?
a. foot b. meter c. yard d. inch
45. How tall is a 10 meter
building in inches?
a. 3.937 b. 39.37
c. 393.7 d. 3,937
46. A mason wants to mix
concrete. Which tool is
appropriate?
a. Shovel b. Buttering
c. Trowel d. Float
47. A mason wants to set or cut
brick, block, or stone. Which
tool is appropriate?
a. Claw hammer b. Crandall
c. Mason's hammer d. Star drill
48. A mason wants to repair
mortar joints. Which tool is
appropriate?
a. Pointing trowel b. Crandall
c. Cold chisel d. Brick trowel
49. A mason wants to mix and
move mortar in brick laying.
Which tool is appropriate?
a. Pointing trowel b. Crandall
c. Cold chisel d. Brick trowel
50. A mason wants to create a
smooth finish of concrete after
floating. Which tool is
appropriate?
a. Brick hammer
b. Concrete trowel
c. Plane
d. Float
51. A carpenter wants to
smoothen wood surfaces.
Which tool is appropriate?
a. File b. Sand paper
c. Back saw d. Plane
52. A carpenter wants to fasten
and remove nails. Which tool is
appropriate?
a. Hammer
b. Ballpen hammer
c. Claw hammer
d. Sledge hammer
53. A carpenter wants to cut
lumber across the grain. Which
tool is appropriate?
a. crosscut saw b. rip cut saw
c. back saw d. hacksaw
54. A carpenter wants to obtain 63. Which is an artificial stone 71. A mason wants to lay 16"
vertical line. Which tool is that results from mixing by 16" ceramic tiles in a 10
appropriate? cement, sand, gravel, and sq.m. room. How many tiles are
a. Ruler b. Level water? needed?
c. Plum bob d. Pull-push rule a. Concrete b. Grout a. 60 pcs. b. 61.5 pcs.
c. Mortar d. Bricks c. 62.5 pcs. d. 63 pcs.
55. A carpenter wants to mark
very rough objects. Which tool 64. Which is an artificial stone 72. How many CHBs are
is appropriate? that results from mixing installed for a wall having a
a. Chalk line b. Extension rule cement, sand, and water? dimension of 2.5 m width and
c. Level d. Border line a. Concrete b. Grout 4.0 m height?
c. Mortar d. Bricks a. 125 pcs. b. 122.5 pcs.
56. A carpenter wants to c. 300 pcs. d. 400 pcs.
measure long distances. Which 65. Which is an artificial stone
tool is appropriate? that results from mixing 73. How many 8" x 8" wall tiles
a. Ruler b. Extension rule cement and water? are needed in a wall 2.5 m
c. Meter stick d. Pull-push rule a. Concrete b. Grout width and 4.0 m height?
c. Mortar d. Bricks a. 300 pcs. b. 500 pcs.
57. A mason wants to mix c. 550 pcs. d. 600 pcs.
concrete for column and slab. 66. Which term refers to the
Which mixture is appropriate? process of finishing using 74. A carpenter bought 10 pcs.
a. 1 : 2 : 4 b. 1 : 1 1/2 : 3 mortar? of a 2" x 3" x 8' lumber. If the
c. 1 : 2 1/2 : 5 d. 1 : 3 : 6 a. Finishing b. Fine finishing price of lumber is ₱50.00 per
c. Concreting d. Plastering board foot, how much did he
58. A mason wants to mix class pay?
B mixture. Which mixture is 67. A mason wants to lay a. ₱1,800 b. ₱1,900
correct? ceramic tiles. Where does he c. ₱2,000 d. ₱2,100
a. 1 : 2 : 4 b. 1 : 1 1/2 : 3 start?
c. 1 : 2 1/2 : 5 d. 1 : 3 : 6 a. Front b. Left 75. A carpenter bought 10 pcs.
c. Right d. Center of a 2" x 4" x 6' lumber. If the
59. A mason wants to mix price of lumber is P50.00 per
concrete for a slab in the 68. A mason wants to lay board foot, how much did he
ground. Which mixture is concrete hollow blocks. Where pay?
appropriate? does he start? a. ₱1,800 b. ₱1,900
a. 1 : 2 : 4 b. 1 : 1 1/2 : 3 a. Front b. Left c. ₱2,000 d. ₱2,100
c. 1 : 2 1/2 : 5 d. 1 : 3 : 6 c. Right d. Center
76. A carpenter bought 10 pcs.
60. A mason wants to mix 69. A mason wants to mix of a 2" x 6" x 4' lumber. If the
concrete for hollow block filler. mortar for plastering. What price of lumber is P50.00 per
Which mixture is appropriate? does he mix? board foot, how much did he
a. 1 : 2 : 4 b. 1 : 1 1/2 : 3 a. cement and water pay?
c. 1 : 2 1/2 : 5 d. 1 : 3 : 6 b. cement and sand a. ₱1,800 b. ₱1,900
c. sand and water c. ₱2,000 d. ₱2,100
61. Which refers to the ease d. water and cement
with which the fresh concrete 77. Which tile is appropriate in
can be molded without 70. A mason wants to lay the toilet and bathroom
segregation? concrete hollow blocks into a flooring?
a. Plasticity b. Consistency 10 sq.m. wall. How many CHB a. Glaze tiles
c. Mobility d. Grout are needed? b. Ceramic tiles
a. 100 pcs. b. 120 pcs. c. Non-skid granite tiles
62. Which refers to the degree c. 122.5 pcs. d. 125 pcs. d. Clay tiles
of wetness or slump of the
concrete mixture?
a. Plasticity
b. Consistency
c. Mobility
d. Grout
78. Bricks are laid where its
longer side is exposed to view.
This arrangement is called
________.
a. Header b. Stretcher
c. Bond d. Mortar

79. The most widely used

masonry materials for
construction works are?
a. Ashlar
b. Bricks
c. Rubble stones
d. Concrete hollow blocks

80. It is a masonry material

manufactured from clay and
other materials?
a. Stones b. Stucco
c. Bricks d. Concrete
pavers
CARPENTRY AND MASONRY 55. A
ANSWER KEY 56. D
57. B
1. C 58. C
2. C 59. A
3. D 60. D
4. B 61. A
5. B 62. B
6. C 63. A
7. A 64. C
8. D 65. B
9. A 66. D
10. B 67. D
11. B 68. B
12. A 69. B
13. B 70. D
14. B 71. C
15. A 72. A
16. A 73. B
17. C 74. C
18. C 75. C
19. D 76. C
20. B 77. C
21. A 78. B
22. B 79. D
23. C 80. C
24. B
25. D
26. C
27. C
28. D
29. A
30. B
31. C
32. B
33. B
34. D
35. A
36. C
37. C
38. B
39. D
40. C
41. B
42. D
43. B
44. D
45. C
46. A
47. C
48. A
49. D
50. B
51. D
52. C
53. A
54. C
Finishing wood
-refers to the final step in any
woodworking project. More
specifically, finishing means
applying one of many kinds of
protective coating, usually
clear, generically called "finish".
... Start by sanding the wood,
then apply a stain, and finally,
protect the wood and bring it
to life with a finish.
Types of Woodworking Joints
Butt Joint
-One of the most simple joints,
this is simply putting the ends
of two pieces together. It joins
the end grain of one piece to
the long grain of another and
the two pieces are glued
together. These joints typically
only use glue to hold the pieces
together, so they are fairly
weak and can be broken just
using your hands.
Biscuit Joint
-A reinforced version of the
butt joint, this joint uses a
“biscuit” to connect the two
pieces. A biscuit is an oval-
shaped piece usually made with
compressed wood and is placed
in corresponding mortises (the
hole cut out in the wood) in
each piece of wood. Glue is
then used to secure the pieces.
Bridle Joint
-This joint is similar to a mortise
and tenon, but with more open
holes in the wood. The end of
one piece of wood is cut into a
tenon shape and the other
piece of wood is cut into a
mortise, so that the two pieces
that can be fitted together to
form a corner. This joint can be
used to create legs or to help
create frame pieces when it’s
being shaped. This is a strong
joint with good durability. The
T-bridle is a variation in which
one piece is connected to the
middle of the second instead of
the end.
Dado
-Use this joint when you need
to put up shelves. A slot is cut
into the surface of the wood —
a dado is cut perpendicular to
the grain and a groove is put
parallel to the grain. The slot
can either go through the
entire surface of the piece of
wood or stop just before it goes
through.
Dovetail Joint
-This joint is commonly used
when putting together drawers
and entails each piece to have a
series of pins and tails that
interlock together. The pins and
tails have a trapezoid shape to
increase durability and
strength. Glue the pieces
together and there’s no need
for fasteners.
Finger Joint
-Similar to the dovetail joint,
the finger joint also has a series
of pins along an edge that are
interlocked together using glue.
The difference is that the finger
joint pins are straight instead of
angled. This joint isn’t as strong
as the dovetail, but it is fairly
easy to make with a table saw,
wood router, or a jig.
Lap Wood Joint
-One of the more popular joints
used in woodworking, the lap
wood joint combines two
pieces of wood by cutting away
half the thickness of the pieces.
This joint is typically used when
the two pieces have the same
thickness. The portion of wood
cut away will fit into the
corresponding cutout on the
other piece.
Mortise and Tenon
-One of the strongest and
another popular joint, the
mortise and tenon is used to
attach two pieces of wood at a
90-degree angle. The mortise
part of the joint is a hole or
cavity cut into one piece of
wood. A tenon is the negative
of the mortise hole, protruding
from the second piece of wood.
The tenon is typically around ⅓
the thickness of the piece of
wood. Reinforce this joint using
glue and it will be strong and
long-lasting.
Pocket Hole
-Rather than butting two pieces
of wood together with glue, the
pocket-hole joint goes one step
further. This is another popular
and strong joint that uses a
pocket hole that is cut into one
piece of wood with another
pilot hole that allows a screw to
be driven into the adjoining
piece of wood. Our Castle
pocket hole machine makes it
easy to make a pocket joint.
Our low-angle pocket and pilot
hole make the joint stronger
and there’s less chance of the
pieces shifting.
Rabbet Joint
-The rabbet joint is simple and
straightforward. A cut is made
into the end of a piece of wood
to create a “step.” This joint is
in a variety of woodworking
projects, including cabinets or
glass panes.
Tongue and Groove
-Commonly used in flooring,
the tongue and groove joint is
similar to the bridle joint;
instead, the grooves are cut
into the length of the board
instead of the end. A
protruding groove on one piece
fits into a crevice of another,
allowing the two pieces to fit
together closely.
The Claw Hammer Claw
Hammer
-The claw on one side of the
head should be well
counterbalanced by the
finished head, which should be
somewhat rounded. The other
kind of head is the waffle-head.
Most commonly used in
construction, it leaves a
distinctive waffle mark on the
wood when you drive the nail.
This, of course, is not the
proper nail for woodworking.
The Tape Measure
The next important hand tool
for the woodworker is an
accurate tape measure. Get a
retractable one that is at least
25 feet long. Any longer than
that, and you start having
problems getting it to roll back
up. Since measurements on
large scale projects can be very
susceptible to even the most
minute measurement
variations, you’ll want to make
sure the “hook” or tab at the
end of the is firmly attached,
with no give. When they get
loose, you’ll have as much as
1/8” variation in your
measurements. This can add up
to some severe accuracy
problems in the long run.
The Utility Knife Utility Knife
-A good utility knife is another
asset for the woodworker.
There are many different kinds,
but the kind that uses
disposable blades is the most
common. The blade retracts
into the grip for safety. The
woodworker will use the utility
knife when cleaning out
mortise joints or to scribe
wood, as well as many other
uses.
The Moisture Meter
-A quality wood moisture meter
is vital to the long-term success
of any woodworking project
you put together. Lumber mills
try to dry their batches of
lumber according to the
intended end product
destination. That is, if the wood
is harvested in the wet
Northeast, but is going to be
shipped to the arid Southwest,
it will be dried more than wood
kept in the Northeast for use by
woodworkers. The success of
your woodworking project,
from wood flooring to kitchen
cabinets to fine furniture,
depends on the correct
moisture content levels of the
woods you use for your area of
the country.
The Chisel Chisel
-An assortment of chisels
should be part of every
workbench. Chisels are not just
for wood carvers. Any
woodworker will need chisels
to clean out joints and saw
cuts. Look for chisels made of
high-alloy carbon steel or
chromium-vanadium alloyed
steel. Hardwood grips are best,
especially if they have metal
caps on them. This will keep
the end of the handle from
becoming malformed when you
hammer on it.
The Level
-Every woodworker needs a
couple of levels. You probably
won’t need one of the 6-foot
levels used in construction, but
48” is a good length for many
of the woodworking projects
you’ll do. Usually, you’ll also
need an 8” level too, usually
known as a torpedo level. You’ll
check the level and plum of
your construction. Level means
horizontal, and plumb is
vertical.
Screwdrivers
-are another must-have in the
woodworker’s set of hand
tools. Not only will you need
Phillips and slot, or flathead
screwdrivers, you’ll need star
drivers and Torx drivers, too.
Quality construction is vital to a
good set of screwdrivers. So
many of them are made out of
soft metal, and the first time
you put any “oomph” behind
them, they strip out, becoming
absolutely useless.
The Nail Set Nail Set
-The next hand tool every
woodworker should have is a
nail set. In fact, you should
have several sizes. They look
like awls, and you use them to
drive nail heads into the wood
so they are flush or right below
the surface. This allows you to
fill the holes and prepare for
staining or painting. The nail
setter will usually have either a
convex or concave surface to
grip the nail better and keep it
from sliding off and marring the
wood.
The Sliding Bevel
-If you’re going to be measuring
a bunch of angles, a sliding
bevel, or T-Bevel, will be a
handy tool. This is adjustable,
and you can lock it at the angle
you want to mark, making it
much more time-savvy to mark
multiple angles.
The Layout Square Layout
Square
-A layout square, or
combination square, comes in
6” and 12” sizes. Most
woodworkers use the 6”
model, simply because it’s
easiest to carry around. Also,
most of the stock you’ll use will
be no bigger than 6” wide, so
12” is overkill. The layout
square is a triangle that you can
use to mark square cuts on
stock. Once you measure the
length of the cut, you line up
the layout square with the edge
of the board. The short side will
give you a straight, square cut
across the end grain. You can
also measure off angles with
the layout square. This helps
when you’re trying to measure
for a bevel on a table saw, or
marking a cut for a miter saw.
TOOLS USED IN MASONRY middle section of the top of the
Trowels straightedge must be
-The uses of this triangular- horizontally parallel to the
shaped tool: to pick up mortar bottom section. Widths of
from a board; to place and these tools range from 1 1/8 to
spread the mortar into a brick, 1 1/2 inches; they can be as
or set of bricks; to secure a long as 16 feet.
brick into the mortar by
tapping. Sizes vary and can
reach up to 11 inches in length
and 8 inches in width. Masons
prefer using short and wide
trowels since they do not put
excessive stress on wrists.

Chisel
A chisel is used to cut bricks
into specific sizes. Chisel width
ranges from 2 1/2 to 4 1/2
inches.

Hammer
A masonry hammer has a
square face on one end for
breaking; it has a sharp edge on
the other for cutting. They are
used to split hard bricks.

Jointer
A jointer is used to make
mortar joints. There are three
types of jointer shapes: flat,
pointed and rounded.

Squares
Squares are used when
constructing and measuring
right angles and for corner
layouts. They are usually made
of metal for durability.

Mason’s Level
A mason’s level is used when
establishing vertical or plumb
lines and horizontal or level
lines. They are typically made
of wood, metal, or a
combination of both. They
come equipped with either
single or double vials.

Straightedge
Straightedges act as extensors
to mason’s levels: they are used
when levels are shorter than
the area that needs to be
measured or assessed. The