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Design
Supported by PV Elite – Pressure vessel design software
*Shell
*head
*nozzle
*support
The shell :
The shell is the primary component that contains the pressure. Pressure vessel shells are
welded together to form a structure that has a common rotational axis.
Most pressure vessel shells are either cylindrical, spherical, or conical in shape.
Head :
*All pressure vessel shells must be closed at the ends by heads .
*Heads are typically curved rather than flat. Curved configurations are stronger and
allow the heads to be thinner, lighter, and less expensive than are heads with a flat
shape.
*The shape of the curve is usually semi-elliptical or hemispherical.
*The semi-elliptical shape is more common.
Nozzle :
*A nozzle is a cylindrical component that penetrates the shell and/or heads of a pressure
vessel.
*Nozzles may be used for the following applications:
• Attaching piping systems that are used for flow into or out of the vessel.
• Attaching instrument connections, such as level gauges, thermo wells,or pressure gauges.
• Providing access to the vessel interior at man ways.
• Providing for direct attachment of other equipment items, such as a heat exchanger.
Internal pressure calculation
procedure
• Divided to two calculation :
• Head
• Shell
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Then the procedure done as the following :
1- Required Thickness due to Internal Pressure
2- [MAWP]
3- [MAPNC]
4- Actual stress at given pressure and thickness, corroded
5- Straight Flange Required Thickness
6- Straight Flange Maximum Allowable Working Pressure
Second : the shell calculation :
The procedure is the same as the head procedures Except the equations which
is :
1- The thickness 2- The Pressure
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Sample of the calculation :
According to ASME VII Div.1 (UG-27) ,
after calculate the thickness we add the
Corrosion allowance , then find the
reasonable commercial thickness.
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An Example for the calculation :
Second : the Shell hemi-heads….. L = LT-T + 0.333 The tables of the materials
2:1 Semi-elliptical heads…. L = LT-T + 0.166 found in ASME II part D
Assume a thickness (t) subpart 3
( we can use the thickness
requirement for the internal
pressure)
Assume a thickness
Calculate L/D, and Do/t ratios and calculate Factor
“A.”
2-then know that the vessel need an Impact test or not by the UCS-66M
we enter the figure with thickness and MDMT .
3- we also use the UCS-66.1 to know the reduction in MDMT without
impact test
Corroded Corroded
thickness thickness
Joint eff.
Governor
But not
thickness
less than 1
An Example for
The MDMT
calculation
The Nozzle calculation :
First : The calculation of the nozzle required thickness :
According to the ASME VII Div.1 (UG-45)
Ta = minimum neck thickness using UG 27 (internal pressure) and UG 28 (External pressure) plus
Corrosion allowance
Tb1 = for vessels under internal pressure plus corrosion allowance
Tb2 = for vessels under external pressure plus corrosion allowance
Tb3 = thickness given in UG 45 plus corrosion allowance
Tr16b = thickness given due to ASME ( UG-16-b) the min. thickness for head and shell (1.5mm +C.A.)
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Example for NA1 nozzle ( inlet nozzle ) :
The Calculation of nozzle reinforcement :
1- F : correction factor that substitute the variation in internal pressure stresses
on different planes with respect to the axis of the a vessel ,and can get it
from this curve .
2- Fr1 : Sn / Sv
3- Fr2 : Sn / Sv
4- Fr3: (Sn or Sv the lesser ) / Sv
5- Fr4: Sp / Sv
6- Sn : the allowable stress for the nozzle material .
7- Sv : the allowable stress for the vessel material .
8- Sp : the allowable stress for the pad material .
Any allowable stress can get from
ASME II part D – Subpart 1
The Diminutions :
The thickness :
1- tn: the nozzle diameter ( can get from schedule by get (t min*0.875)-corrosion
allowance .
2- trn :the nozzle required thickness due to the internal pressure .
3- t : the shell total thickness (tr + the thickness required for the reinforcement area )
4- tr :the shell required thickness due to the internal pressure .
5- te :the pad thickness .
The area :
A : the required area .
A1 : the reinforcement area in the shell .
A2 : the reinforcement area in the nozzle .
A3 : the reinforcement area in the inside
wall thickness of the nozzle .
A4 : the reinforcement area in the welding
A5 : the reinforcement area in the pad .
For the using a hub for the nozzle an additional area will add to the reinforcement calculation ( A6 ) :
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So the result of the reinforcement of the nozzle NA1 :
The Hydro test Calculation
For
Example for the wind calculation :
The parameters
The combined
height
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Longitudinal force
Seismic FL=Cw*Wo …… Wind FL = Af*Cf*qz*G0
Q
Cf = 0.8
G = 0.85
q = 0.00256KzV2I
Kz = from Table 3-23
I = 1.15
V = basic wind speed
Transverse forces Ft per saddle.
Seismic Ft = ( Ch*W0)0.5 Wind Ft = (Af cf Gdqz)*0.5
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Second the horizontal force :
For :
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Then we design the saddle according to the stresses from the these two main forces
Example for calculation :
Stress at the
@ mid span (Top)
saddle top area
Stress at the saddle @ Saddle (bottom)
bottom area
Shell
1–
+
2–
+
Check the results :
1- >
2- >
3- >
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