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Date \ \} \<\ / \C\ Period L

Activity 2.3.5 XOR, XNOR, and Binary· Adders

Introduction
(o
The world's first all-transistor calculator was the IBM 608. The 608 was introduced in 1955 at a cost of
$83,210. The calculator was the size of a large dresser. The 608 was capable of addition, subtraction,
m4ltiplic~t ion, and .dh(ision, the same capabilities of a four-function calculator that you can buy today at a
·std,re for Si.99~ Despite the t remendous decrease in size and price that has occurred over the last five decades,
-. the u&derlying design principles for the two calculators are th~ sa~e.
, ·'.; In this activity yo·u will-implement an adder that combines two 2-bit numbers. This 2-bit adder design is
: _,-c_: a sim~!ifie_d version of the adder that is in a four-function calculator. You will implement botha small~scale
_~-- "'.: -~-rn~gration (SSI) and medium-scale integration version of the 2-bit adder.

_ Equipment
• Circuit Design Software (CDS)

Procedure _
:L Using the CDS, enter the 2-bit adder shown below. This adder is implemented with SSI logic (i.e., AND
gatE:s, .PR gates; and XOR gates).
vcc
X1 XO

vcc 0
52 51 50 Common Anode --

0 0
Key=A vcc
X1
OA
Key=5 / 08
oc
XO OD
OE
. GND _ -LT
: iuu
0!"
OG
.. a: / RUO

Y1 YO 74L547D

_. ~~c
. ;.: ~:/~~~' . i~;~-,-·,. °/,,__
o ·..:c
:~77 -I
· :~1.:.:.
:·.4-- : ~·:+
1 ..... :!1··..;. ·. ·~
.· -'-''---:--"'r-r-f -,4
=
---~ ~ -)_-:.-'.,...-·, ·.• :_..,::,~·-..·.,· .,., _
.: .-
GND

Y1 1
74L586D

Key= L
YO
GND

- · -· : •.
_-Thi~ circuit has \ ~i 2-bitinputs (Xl, XO-and Yl, YO) and-three outputs (S2; s1, and SO). S2-S0 is the sum of
. --•-· ---~_ddj ng_t9_g~-~~~O<kX0.a.11_c:JYl-Y0. Additionally, the outputs (S2-S0) are connected to a common anode seven-
- -_ segment display through a 74LS47 display driver.
Note:The wires are color coded to help with readability; these colors do not need to be maintained in your
drawing.
Verify that the circuit is working as expected by completing the truth table shown.
-

Inputs outputs -
Xl so Display
XO X Yl V 52 51
VO ,-,_ ,,
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .
-
I
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 \ I

0 0 0 1 0 2 t) I 0 ,_
::J

:\
0 0 0 1 1 3 0 \ \ ..l
I
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 \ I

\ 0 :J
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 L--
j :J'
0 1 1 1 0 2 a J :..a,
L.'\ '
0 1 1 1 1 3 \ D 0
0 J
1 0 2 0 0 0 0 l
1 0 1 D \
., 1
~

2 0 1
y
1
1
0
0
2
2
1
1
0
1
2
3 '
\
0
D
0
I s
1 1 3 0 -0 0- 0 \ \ -~ -
- y
1 1 3 0 1 1 \ 0 0
1 1 3 1 0 2 \ D I C,
1 1 3 1 1 3
' \ 0 n
2. Using the cos, enter t he 2-bit adder shown below. This adder is implemented with 7 4LS183 MSI full
~ ~"';- - .-.~ add gat es. Perform some addition problems from the table on the next page to make sure it works as
designed.

___r -~/;. _,Thisd ~cuit is functionally ide~t i~al to the SSI implementation from step number l.

vcc
X1 XO
VCC 0
S2 S1 SO
0 0
vcc

·.· - .
::::1s ,,..,.--~--t-- - - - 1
XO
GND

Y1 YO
74LS47D

Key=v{f
cc

,.
0 GNO

Y1

~?=L ~
GND
I
 Verify that the circuit is working as expected by completing the truth table shown. You are basically
adding Xla ~wo-bit number-) to Y{also a two-bit number).
!

Inputs Outputs
Xl XO X Yl YO y S2 S1 so . . Display
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0
,-,
l_ I .

I
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 \ .'
.-. 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 \ 0 ::i
~

' 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 \ -- \ -
]_ ..
- ,
. •

-
l
·. 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 \· I
.. - . . .. . . .· ..- .... ...
0 .. ,.. ~· 1 . ..
-
. .
:· i "• • _t
.
1' O· :
1 0 \ C). .
..
' -
-,:i-
I

0 1 1 1 0 2 0 \ \
0 1 1 1 1 3 0 LI
\ 0 \

.,
1 0 2 0 0 0 V \ 0
-,
C _,. _ _.

1 0 2 0 -_1
1 1 0 \ \ _,
1 0 2 1 0 2 \ 0 0 LI .,
:~>
1 0
--
2 1 1 \.
1 1 3 0 0
3
0
\
"·· ··•'"•ty . .
0

\
.

I
':'i
:.i

1 1 3 0 1 1 l 0 0 \...\
I
1 1 3 1 0 2 i 0 \ s
1 1 3 1 1 3 \ t 0 h
:- ;:' " •~ ___, ·;:- --~ov,th~t y~u .have s~ina
two:.bit calculator/ use the circuif~bo~e-a~ ~\eriiJi~t; ·t o r;ulld a ·3-l:5it .
calculator. Use the following constraints:
~. :'. . . o .· Use two sets of three switches.for your input 'numbers' (A0-Al-A2; and 80-'81-82) _. .
(· }\<:~:~i./J:;~\if1i sefri'·a'·HE:5taisp1ay::fo ·ea-ch.:sefoUhree inputs (one for. A0~A1,.A2 and one for 80-81-82) to
display the numbers you are using
o Use a 74LS283 to add the numbers
o Use a 74LS47 and a Common Anode display for the 'answer' to the problem.

Teacher Verification /YM / )7,, /

Conclusion· .· __. , .. ,

-1. .. . . The sum output of.bot~tl:le.half.and full adders could be. implemented-withXNOR gates instead of
. \;... XOR gates (see below-)...-Wsing .8oolean algebra in the space provided, prove that the output of th.e
·· circuit below is equal to the sum output of a 2-bit adder. .
SVW\ -;; -f\ ( ~ :-\ c ')
A-- B Cin:

3
 · ·------
2. ,or ma~n,.·tuae
• .&
. . . _____ln~ddition to binary adders, another typical application of XOR gates is d S9mparators.
/ -·
~nafvze--the circuit shown below to determine its function. Note: Given that this g_r;ecfit contains six
rnputs, andth~has 26 = 64 possible output combinations, completing a trut ;table would not be the
best approach tosow.·ng this problem.

A2 -------=~,----
A1 ---+---___,._._
.---~~_..,., XJ--- Unknown

. 3~ Perform th e J:,o II ow,ngop

-· .,..., <
. .
-, ·· erat,ons.

I \ h

0101 I \

.
0 0 11
-±0111 100 1
. \ \ O(i ±1001
±0101 10 1 O E
\ \ 0 0
\ \ \ 0 ± 11 O 1
\ I I
0 ' -
0 -1 o 1 o'o 1 1 I I

±00110110 01010001
\obo\tloT
+01010110
\ o \o
.
o,, I

,,I
 I .,
" ' 1 1 , 1
2.3.5 2-Bit Adder (MS/)

U2
vcc
C
vcc DCD_HEX_BLUE

Common Anode

Key= A D
A2 vcc
U ·!
Key= 5
A1 SUM <
SUM 3
~_1_1
.Q. A OA
09
SUH -~
SU1•(t _A ---~' I ==1 g oc
OD
OE
Key= D
1 P I ~~
-LT Of

AO .,
ill
-RB!
-BI /RBO
0G

GND U3 c,
74LS47D

DCD_HEX_BLUE
vcc GND

GI
T
Key= J
B2

Key= K
B1

Key= L
BO
GND

10 12