EDSA

IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

1.0 Tutorial Exercise

This tutorial exercise will serve as a validation and verification test for the EDSA IEC 909 short circuit
program. The tutorial will be based on two examples documented in the IEC 909 “Short circuit current
calculation in three-phase AC systems”. These examples are:

Example 1: “Calculation of short-circuit currents in a low-voltage system”.

Appendix “A”, section “A-1”, page 109. EDSA File Name: “IEC1.eds”

Example 2: “Calculation of balanced short-circuit currents in a medium-voltage system, including

the influence of motors”.
Appendix “A”, section “A-2”, page 125. EDSA File Name: “IEC2.eds”

Each example will first be solved by longhand calculations, and then the corresponding pre-created EDSA
file will be used to re-calculate the short circuit results. Once both analyses have been completed, a table of
comparison will be presented. It is assumed, for this exercise, that the user is familiar with building EDSA
job files using the ECAD interface. If not, please refer to sections 1.0 and 2.0 of the EDSA User’s Guide to
review the process. The program options used in this tutorial are as follows:

IEC 909 Methodology

IEC Maximum Voltages
Peak Method C

2.0 IEC 909 Example 1 / Longhand Calculations

250 MVA
(cq = 1.1) 0.00438 + j0.04378
X/R = 10

15 kV 15 kV

T1 T2 0.1638 + j0.6138 0.2875 + j0.9575

630 kVA 400 kVA
15/0.4kV 4% 15/0.4 kV 4%
P LOAD = 6.5 PLOAD = 4.6

F1 F1

0.02406 +j0.02469 0.0260 + j0.0085

C1 C2
0.385 + j 0.395 0.416 + j0.136
F2 F2
.
Un = 380 V Vpu = 0.95
0.33875 + j0.10875
C3
5.420 + j 1.740

C4 1.1575 + j0.92813
18.52 + j14.85
F3 F3

Figure 1. Single line diagram and equivalent impedance

diagram for IEC Example 1.

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IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Figure 1 shows the system under study for the IEC example 1. The diagram shown in this figure is given,
both in ohms and per unit. The calculation, however, will be done in per unit.

Original data for the example had the following cable info.

C1 – 2-240mm2, 10 meter length and 0.077 + j 0.079 ohms/meter/ph = 0.77 + j 0.79 milliohms.
C2 – 2-150mm2, 4 meter length and 0.208 + j 0.068 ohms/meter/ph = 0.832 + j 0.272 milliohms.
C3 – 2-70mm2, 20 meter length and 0.271 + j 0.087 ohms/meter/ph = 5.420 + j 1.740 milliohms.
C4 – 2-50mm2, 50 meter length and 0.3704+ j 0.297 ohms/meter/ph = 18.52 + j 14.85 milliohms.

The PU bases selected are 10 MVA, 15 kV and 0.4 kV.

Utility source - The source is <35 kV, therefore the X/R = 10 per IEC-60909 (X = 0.995*Z, R = 0.1 X).

c (ZEQUIPMENT BASE) (MVACOMMON BASE)

______________________________________________
ZCOMMON BASE =
MVAEQUIPMENT BASE

ZQT= 1.1 * 1.0 * 10/250 = 0.044 PU

RMULTIPLIER= 0.00985, RPU = 0.00438
XMULTIPLIER= 0.09851, XPU = 0.04378

Transformers using equation below

(ZEQUIPMENT BASE) (MVA COMMON BASE)

___________________________________________
Z COMMON BASE =
MVA EQUIPMENT BASE

630 kVA transformer T1, impedances on 630 kVA base is:

RPU = PLOSS/KVARATED = 6.5/630 = 0.010

XPU = (Z2 - R2)½ = (.042 - 0.01032)½ = 0.0387, XPU/RPU = 3.76

400 kVA transformer T2, impedance on a 400-kVA base is:

RPU = PLOSS/KVARATED = 4.6/400 = 0.0115

XPU = (Z2 - R2)½ = (.042 - 0.01152)½ = 0.0383, XPU/RPU = 3.33

Convert to 10 MVA base

ZPU = 10 * (0.0103 +j0.0387)/0.63 = 0.16375 + j0.61375 for 630 kVA Tx

ZPU = 10 * (0.0115 + j0.0383)/0.4 = 0.2875 + j0.9575 for 400 kVA Tx

Cables are converted from ohms to per-unit on 10 MVA and 0.4-kV bases

ZPU = ZOHM * (MVACOMMON BASE)/kV2BASE

C1=0.385 + j0.395 mohms = 0.02406 + j0.02469 PU

C2=0.416 + j0.136 mohms = 0.02600 + j0.00850 PU
C3=5.420 + j1.740 mohms = 0.33875 + j0.10875 PU
C4=18.52 + 14.85 mohms = 1.1575 + j0.92813 PU

These per unit values are shown on Figure 1.

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Fault at F1, the impedance network is reduced by having the impedance of T1 in parallel with sum of the
impedances of T2 +C2 +C1.

C1 = 0.02406 + j0.02469 PU
C2 = 0.02600 + j0.00850 PU
T2 = 0.28750 + j0.95750
Sum 0.33756 + j0.99069 = 1.04662 @71.184 deg

T1 = 0.16375 + j0.61375 = 0.63522 @ 75.061 deg

Parallel of T1 and Sum = 0.11170 + j0.37940

Add source Z 0.00438 +j 0.04378
Total = 0.1161 +j0.4232 = 0.4388 @74.66, X/R = 3.645

VPREFAULT = (380/400V) = 0.95 PU V

IPU400 =1/0.4388 = 2.2789

I”k= c *(VPREFAULT)(IPU)(MVACOMMON BASE)/(1.732*kV)

I”k= 1.05*0.95 2.2789*10 /(1.732*0.4) = 32.81 kA sym @-74.66, X/R = 3.645.

To determine the circuit X/R ratio to be used to determine the peak current all reactances are multiplied
0.40 and the system then reduced. The new per-unit impedances are:

Source = 0.00438 + j0.01751

T1 = 0.16375 + j0.24550
T2 = 0.2875 + j0.38300
C1= 0.02406 + j0.00988 PU
C2= 0.02600 + j0.00340 PU
C3= 0.33875 + j0.0435 PU
C4=1.15750 + j0.37125 PU

C1 = 0.02406 + j0.00988 PU
C2 = 0.02600 + j0.00340 PU
T2 = 0.28750 + j0.38300
Sum 0.33756 + j0.39628 = 0.52056 @49.5749 deg

T1 = 0.16375 + j0.24550= 0.29510 @ 56.295 deg

Parallel of T1 and Sum = 0.11123 + j0.15235

Add source Z 0.00438 + j0.01751
Total = 0.11561 +j0.16986 (X/R = 1.4693).

X/RADJ = 2.5 * (X/R0.4) = 2.5*1.4693 = 3.67. This compares with X/R = 3.64 for the 50 Hz system.

The X/R = 3.67 is used to calculate the peak current from iPEAK = √2 I”k (1.02 + 0.98 e-3(R/X)).

iPEAK = √2*32.81*(1.02 + 0.98 e–3/3.67)) = 67.426 kA

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IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Fault at F2, the impedance network is reduced by having the impedance of T1 and C1 in parallel with the
impedances of T2 +C2.

C1 = 0.02406 + j0.02469 PU
T1 = 0.16375 + j0.24550 PU
Sum 0.18781 + j0.27019 = 0.32905@55.197 deg

C2 = 0.02600 + j0.00340 PU
T2 = 0.28750 + j0.38300PU
Sum 0.31350 + j0.38640 = 0.49758 @50.946 deg

Parallel of branches = 0.11769 + j0.38447

Add source Z 0.00438 +j 0.04378
Total = 0.12208 + j0.42825 = 0.44531 @74.09, X/R = 3.508

(VPREFAULT) = (380/400V) = 0.95 PU V

IPU400 =1/0.44531 = 2.24563

I”k= c *(VPREFAULT)(IPU)(MVACOMMON BASE)/(1.732*kV)

I”k= 1.05*0.95 2.24563*10 /(1.732*0.4) = 32.333 kA sym @-74.09, X/R = 3.51.

For peak currents using 0.4 times the impedance.

C1 = 0.02406 + j0.00988 PU
T1 = 0.16375 + j0.24550PU
Sum 0.18781 + j0.25538 = 0.31700 @53.6669 deg

C2 = 0.02600 + j0.0034 PU
T2 = 0.28750 + j0.38300
Sum 0.31350 + j0.38640 = 0.49758 @50.9464 deg

Parallel of branches = 0.11762 + j0.15389

Add source Z 0.00438 + j0.01751
Total = 0.12200 +j 0.17140, R/X = 1.4049

X/RADJ = 2.5 * (X/R0.4) = 2.5*1.4049 = 3.5123. This compares with X/R = 3.508 for the 50 Hz system.

The X/R = 3.51 is used to calculate the peak current from iPEAK = √2 I”k (1.02 + 0.98 e-3(R/X)).

iPEAK = √2*32.333*(1.02 + 0.98e–3/3.512)) = 65.71 kA

IEC-60909 calculated 65.84 using a rounded value for(1.02 + 0.98e–3/3.512))=1.44 instead of 1.437.

Fault at F3, the impedance network was reduced for fault F2 to the common point. Cables C3 and C4 are
added to that impedance.

From fault F2 = 0.12208 + j0.42825 Complex, 0.12200 +j 0.17140 using 0.4*X

C3 = 0.33875 + j0.10875 0.33875+j 0.0435
C4 = 1.15750 + j0.92813 1.15750 + j0.37125
Total = 1.6183 + j 1.4651 1.6183 + j 0.58615
2.1830@ -42.1560 X/R = 0.3622

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IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Fault current I”k is 6.595 kA @ -42.1560, X/R = 0.9053.

(VPREFAULT) = (380/400V) = 0.95 PU V

IPU400 =1/ 2.183 = 0.4581

I”k= c *(VPREFAULT)(IPU)(MVACOMMON BASE)/(1.732*kV)

I”k= 1.05*0.95 *0.4581*10 /(1.732*0.4) = 6.595 kA sym @-42.1560, X/R = 0.9053.

X/RADJ = 2.5 * (X/R0.4) = 2.5*0.3622 = 0.9055. This compares with X/R = 0.9053 for the 50 Hz
system.

The X/R = 0.9055 is used to calculate the peak current from iPEAK = √2 I”k (1.02 + 0.98 e-3(R/X)).

iPEAK = √2*6.595*(1.02 + 0.98e–3/0.9055)) = 9.846 kA

)
IEC-60909 calculated 9.89 using a rounded values I”k and (1.02 + 0.98 e-3(R/X ).

3.0 IEC 909 Example 1 / EDSA Analysis

Step 1.
Select “File”.

Step 2.
Select “Open”.

Step 3.
Select “IEC1.EDS”.
Step 4.
Select “Open”.

3.1 Invoke the ECAD interface, and proceed to load the pre-formatted file for IEC example 1. The
file is called “IEC1.eds”, and it can be loaded according to the procedure shown in the above
screen capture.

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IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Step 1.
Click here to invoke
the Short Circuit
program.

3.2 Next, proceed to invoke the short circuit program, as indicated in the above screen capture.

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IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Step 6
Select “OK”.

Step 1
Select the
“Options” icon.

Step 2
Fill out the
“Options” screen
exactly as indicated
here.
Step 3
Select “IEC”.

Step 4 Step 5
Fill out the “IEC 909 Select “OK”.
Calculation Control”
screen exactly as
indicated here.

3.3 Once the Short Circuit interface appears, proceed to specify the required short circuit components,
the calculation methodology, and the specific IEC calculation controls. Follow the methodology
outlined in the screen-capture shown above.

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IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Step 1
Select “Update
Answer File”

Step 2 Step 3
Select “Faults Select “OK”.
at all busses”

3.4 Finally, run the analysis by following the procedure shown in the screen-capture above.

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IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

3.5 The IEC 909 report, showing the selected sections, is now presented in the output screen. At this
point, the report can be printed out, copied to the clipboard or saved as a text file for third party
software customisation. To exit, select “Done” from the menu.

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IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

4.0 IEC 909 Example 1 / Validation and Verification Table

The following table shows a comparison between the results obtained using longhand calculations, EDSA
and the results documented in the IEC 909 standard.

IEC 909 example 1 (pp109-119)

Program Hand Calc Variance with IEC 909

Location Result Type
Value Value Hand Calcs Example
i peak 67597 67426 0.25% 67420
F1 X/R @ ½ cyc 3.645 3.645 0%
I”k 32898 32810 0.26% 32810
i peak 65883 65710 0.26% 65840
F2 X/R @ ½ cyc 3.507 3.51 0.08%
I”k 32418 32333 0.26% 32330
i peak 9871 9846 0.25% 9890
F3 X/R @ ½ cyc 0.905 0.9053 0.03%
I”k 6612 6595 0.257% 6600

All variances with Hand Calculations and IEC 909 documents are attributed to round off on input data or
results.

5.0 IEC 909 Example 2 / Longhand Calculations

7 5 0 M VA
( c q = 1 .1 ) 0 .0 0 1 4 6 + j0.0 1 4 5 9
X/R = 1 0

33 kV 33 kV

C1 C2 C1 C2
0 .4 8 5 + j 0.4 8 5 o h m 0 .4 8 5 + j 0 .4 8 5 o h m 0.0 0 4 4 5 + j0 .0 0 4 4 5 0.00445 + j0.00445

T1 T2 T1 T2
1 5 M VA 15 MVA 0 .0 0 4 0 + j0.0 9 9 9 0 .0 0 4 0 + j0 .0 9 9 9
3 3 /6 .3 k V 1 5% 3 3 /6 .3 k V 1 5 %
X/R = 2 5 X/R = 2 5

Un = 6 kV F1 6 kV F1

M1 M2 M3 M4 M1 M2 M3 M4
M1 M2, M3, M4 M1 M2, M3, M4
5 MW , UM = 6 k V 1 MW , UM = 6k V 0.0374 + j 0.3742 1st Cy (IEC) 0.1920 + j1.9200 1st Cy (IEC)
p f= 0 .8 6 , e ff = 0 .9 7 p f= 0 .8 3 , e ff = 0 .9 4 0.0489 + j 0.4891 Int (IEC) 0.2001 + j2.0006 Int (IEC)
I L R/ I M= 4 , 4 p o le I L R/ I M= 5 .5 , 2 p o le
X/R = 1 0 X/R = 1 0

Figure 2. Single line diagram and equivalent impedance diagram for

IEC Example 2.

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IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Figure 2 shows the system under study for the IEC example 2. The diagram shown in this figure is given
both, in ohms and per unit. The calculation, however, will be done in per unit.

The following table shows the data that corresponds to the motors.

Size X/R Reactance

>= 500 kW/pole (670 HP/pole) 10.0 0.995 ZM
< 500 kW/pole (670 HP/pole) 6.67 0.989 ZM
Grouped Low Voltage Motors 2.38 0.922 ZM
ZM = 100* IRATED/ILOCKED ROTOR
IEC Motor X/R Ratios to be Used

Example 2 - Impedance Calculations

Source = MVABASE * c/MVASOURCE = 10 * 1.1/750 = 0.01467 PU @ X/R = 10

= 0.00146 + j 0.01459 PU

Cable C1 & C2:Ohms (MVABASE)/kV2 = (0.485 +j0.485)10/332

= 0.00445 +j0.00445 PU

Transformer T1 & T2: 25 MVA, X=15%, R = 0.6%

MVABASE(%Z)/(MVATRAN * 100) = 0.1 PU @ X/R = 15/0.6 = 25
= 0.004 + j0.0999 PU

Equipment Data X/R Base kV PU R PU X

Source 750 MVA 10 33 0.00146 0.01459
Cable C1 0.485 + j0.485 1 33 0.00445 0.00445
Cable C2 0.485 + j0.485 1 33 0.00445 0.00445
Transf. T1 15 MVA,15%Z 25 6.3 0.0040 0.0999
Transf T2 15 MVA,15%Z 25 6.3 0.0040 0.0999
Data used in Short Circuit Calculations

Motor M1 at 6.0 kV, 5 MW and 4 Pole to 6.3 kV base

.
5MW/4pole = 1.25 MW/Pole has a X/R = 10
Motor MVA = MVA/PF/Eff = 5/0.86/0.97 = 5.994 MVA

1st Cy Imp.= MVABASE*kVMOT 2/(kVBASE 2*MVAMOT*ILR /IMOT )

= 10*6*6/(6.3*6.3*5.994/4)= 0.3760 PU
= 0.0374 +j 0.3742 PU

Motors M2, M3, M4 at 6 kV 1 MW and 2 Pole to 6.3 kV base.

1MW/2pole = 0.5 MW/Pole has a X/R = 10
Motor MVA = MVA/PF/Eff = 1/0.83/0.94 = 1.282 MVA

1st Cy Imp.=MVABASE*kVMOT 2/(kVBASE 2*MVAMOT*ILR /IMOT )

=10*6*6/(6.3*6.3*1.282/5.5)=1.2864
= 0.1280 +j 1.2800 PU

The standard provides both curves and equations to determine the currents from motors at breaking time.
The interrupting time impedances are determined by using the factors : and q. Factor : accounts currents in
both synchronous and asynchronous (induction motors) decaying from substransient to transient

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IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

impedance. Factor q is a second correction for asynchronous machines that accounts for different decay
rates based on the motor size. The IEC example used 0.10 seconds for the breaking time.

: = 0.84 + 0.26 γ-0.26/X”kG for tMIN= 0.02 seconds, Z”kG = I”kG/IrG #

: = 0.71 + 0.51 γ-0.30/X”kG for tMIN= 0.05 seconds
: = 0.62 + 0.72 γ-0.32/X”kG for tMIN= 0.10 seconds
: = 0.56 + 0.94 γ-0.38/X”kG for tMIN=> 0.25 seconds, (not shown)
# for a fault on generator terminals Z”kG = c/[KG(ZG)]

q = 1.03 + 0.12 ln [m] for minimum time = 0.02 seconds

q = 0.79 + 0.12 ln [m] for minimum time = 0.05 seconds
q = 0.57 + 0.12 ln [m] for minimum time = 0.10 seconds
m is the active power in MW per motor pole pair

Motor M1, has 4 times inrush current at rated voltage. The inrush current is adjusted by the voltage factor
‘c’ and is 4*1.1 = 4.4 and the motor has 2.5 MW per pole. Motors M2, M3, and M4 have 5.5 * 1.1 inrush
current of 6.05 and 1 MW per pole. For motors => 1.0 MW per pole pair, the Standard specifies a X/R
ratio of 10. The : and q values at 0.10 seconds are:

Motor M1: : = 0.796, q = 0.680, :q = 0.541, Impedance multiplier = 1/:q = 1.85

Motor M2: : = 0.724, q = 0.570, :q = 0.413, Impedance multiplier = 1/:q = 2.42

The standard uses these multipliers to adjust the first cycle currents. The same total current will be
calculated if the inverse multiplies are applied to the impedances.

MW HP per R” PU X” PU
Motor KV RPM Poles %X” MVA X/R
Rating pole-pair Resistance Reactance

M1 5.0 6.0 1500 2 4.0 5.994 2.5 10 0.0374 0.3742

M2 1.0 6.0 3000 1 5.5 1.282 1.0 10 0.12800 1.2800
M3 1.0 6.0 3000 1 5.5 1.282 1.0 10 0.12800 1.2800
M4 1.0 6.0 3000 1 5.5 1.282 1.0 10 0.12800 1.2800

First Cycle Per-unit Motor Impedances on a 10-MVA base

IEC First Cycle IEC Breaking Time (0.10 seconds)

Motor MVA
PU Resist. PU React. : Multiplier q Multiplier PU Resist. PU React.
M1 5.0 0.0374 0.3740 0.796 0.680 0.0691 0.6910
M2 1.0 0.12800 1.2800 0.724 0.570 0.3102 3.1017
M3 1.0 0.12800 1.2800 0.724 0.570 0.3102 3.1017
M4 1.0 0.12800 1.2800 0.724 0.570 0.3102 3.1017

Motor Impedance for 1st Cy. and Interrupting Time (10 MVA Base)
Factors : and q for Rotating Equipment (Decay of Symmetrical Current)

Following the procedure given in IEC-60909, the non-decaying ac fault current is first calculated on the 6
kV bus, then the motor contributions are added to it.

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IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

The equivalent impedance is determined by adding impedances C1 to T1 and C2 to T2 then paralleling the
two and adding the remote source impedance.

Transf T1 or T2 = 0.0040 + j0.0999

Cable C1 or C2 = 0.00445 + j0.00445
Total = 0.00845 + 0.10435

Parallel transf and cables = 0.004225 +j 0.052175

Source impedance = 0.001459 +j 0.01459
Total = 0.00569 + j 0.06676 = 0.0670 PU 85.1280 on 10 MVA, 6.3 kV base.
I”k of non-ac decay = 1.1*10 /0.067//3/6.3 =15.046 kA at X/R = 11.71

Since the bus is operated at 6.0 kV, I”k = 15.046*6.0/6.3 = 14.33 = 1.219 + j14.278 kA

Next, adding the decaying motor sources at 6.0 kV gives

M1 = 1.1*10(6.0/6.3)/(0.0374 +j 0.3742)//3/6.3 =2.553 = 0.254 + j 2.54 kA (X/R = 10)

M2 = 1.1*10(6.0/6.3)/(0.128 +j1.28)//3/6.3 = 0.748 = 0.0745 + j0.745kA (X/R =10)
M3 and M4 are the same as M2.
Total Sym. kA = 1.219 + 0.254 +3*0.0745 +j(14.27 + 2.54+ 3*0.745) = 19.13 kA at X/R =11.2.

The peak currents are added for each contribution separately. Using the equation for peak current I”k PEAK
=I”k *[1.02 + 0.98 , -3/(X/R)]*/2

Transformer Source(X/R = 11.71) = 14.33 *2.515 = 36.04 kA = 3.0606 +j 35.910 kA peak

Motor M1 (X/R = 10) = 2.553 *2.469 = 6.3 kA = 0.6269 + j 6.2685 kA peak
Motor M1, M2, M3 (X/R = 10) = 3*0.748* 2.469 = 5.540kA = 0.5512 + j 5.5123 kA peak
IbASYM = 4.2387 +j 47.6908 = 47.88 kA (Value in IEC Standard = 47.87 kA due to rounding)

Example 2 - Breaking Current Calculations at F1

To calculate the breaking time current at 0.10 seconds, the motor breaking currents are added to the non-
decaying ac source current

IbASYM = (I”k2 + IDC2)½, where IDC =I”k */2,_(2Β f t /(X/R))

Transformers I”k = 1.219 + j 14.273 kA = 14.33 kA

_(2Β f t /(X/R))
IDC=I”k*/2, = (1.219+ j 14.273)/2,_(2Β 50*0.1 /11.71) = 0.1178 +j1.38 kA = 1.385
IbASYM = [1.3852 + 14.332]1/2 = 14.397 kA

M1 = 1.1*10 (6.0/6.3)/(0.0691 +j 0.6910)//3/6.3 = 1.396 kA at X/R = 10

(due to rounding of : and q Standard calculated 1.38 kA)
Ik = 0.1389 + j 1.389 kA
IDC =(0.254 + j 2.54)/2,_(2Β 50*0.1 /10) = 0.0155 +j 0.1552 kA = 0.1560 kA
IbASYM = [0.1562 + 1.3962]1/2 = 1.405 kA

M2 = 1.1*10 (6.0/6.3)/(0.3102 +j 3.1017)//3/6.3 = 0.3111 kA at X/R = 10 each motor

(due to rounding of : and q Standard calculated 0.307 kA)

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IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Ik = 0.0308 + j 0.308 kA
IDC =(0.0745 + j 0.745kA)/2,_(2Β 50*0.1 /10) = 0.00455+j 0.0455 kA = 0.0457 kA
IbASYM = [0.04572 + 0.31112]1/2 = 0.313 kA

Total ISYM of transformer, M1, M2, M3, and M4 currents are:

Transf. = 1.219 + j 14.273 kA
M1 = 0.1389 + j 1.389 kA
M2(3) =0.0924 + j 0.924
Total = 1.4503+j 16.586 = 16.649 kA

Total IDC of transformer, M1, M2, M3, and M4 currents are:

Transf. = 0.1178 +j1.38 kA
M1 = 0.0155 +j 0.1552 kA
M2(3) =0.01365+j 0.1365
Total = 1.4695+j 1.6717 = 1.678 kA
(The Standard did a scale addition on the dc magnitude and left off the /2 in the IbASYM calcs.)
IbASYM = [1.6782 + 16.6492]1/2 = 16.73 kA (Standard gives 14.32 kA)

Since the sources having decaying ac current components are greater than 5% (>15% in this system) the
fault currents are referred to as ‘near to generator’.

This problem was redone using Method C for the first cycle peak. The motor impedances were included in
the network reduction. Computer software was used reduce the network with reactances at 40% the 50Hz
values. The final solution is given below with the Method C X/RAJD being used for both the peak and dc
component.

Total Sym. kA = 19.13 kA at X/R =11.2.

iPEAK = 47.91 kA, X/RAJD= 11.265

IbASYM = 16.73 kA

Comments on Calculation procedure

The solution for Example 2 followed the procedure given in IEC-60909. To me it has several questionable
items.

1. Why isn’t method A, B, or C used in this example. It appears to present a 4th method. Therefore, if
this example is given to several engineers, a number of different correct answers can be obtained.
Why not include the motors in the impedance reduction and let the math take care of the contribution?
Including motor impedances would be more acceptable to computer programs.

2. From the IEC examples given, it is not clear how to handle a network in which the cable impedances to
the motors are represented. If the fault currents at the terminal of the motors are to be calculated, and
if the motors currents are added after the ‘far from generator’ network is reduced, it appears that ohms
law can be violated for some system configuration. Network action will affect the currents coming

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IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

from adjacent motors due to their cable impedances. To me, to motor current should not be added
directly as if it does not make a difference.

3 The procedure shows that the first cycle network impedance from remote sources is assumed not to
change for breaking time currents. While in example 2 this is correct, but in Example 3 ( not worked
out here) the motor contribution from Busbar B and C have an influence on each other which was not
taken into account during breaking time sample calculations. To me this again violates ohms law.

4 While I agree that a complex network reduction X/R ratio may not accurately represent the X/R ratio
needed to obtain the peak current, IEC-60909 indicate that Method C is more accurate. But, the
examples only use it on the first example. The Standard gives no references to support method C or
several other procedures used in the Standard.

6.0 IEC 909 Example 2 / EDSA Analysis

6.1 Following the instructions outlined in steps 3.1 and 3.2, proceed to load the file “IEC2.eds”, and
launch the short circuit program interface.

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IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

6.2 Following the same instructions outlined in step 3.3, proceed to select the options, and calculation
control settings for this example. The above screen capture shows the what is needed. Notice that
in IEC example 2, the 6 cycle X/R and AC component have been included in the calculation.
Next, run the analysis according to the procedure explained in step 3.4.

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IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

6.3 Once again, the IEC 909 output screen, presents the selected output sections. At this point, the
report can be printed out, copied to the clipboard or saved as a text file for third party software
customisation. To exit, select “Done” from the menu.

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IEC 909 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

7.0 IEC 909 Example 2 / Validation and Verification Table

The following table shows a comparison between the results obtained using longhand calculations, EDSA
and the results documented in the IEC 909 standard.

IEC 909 example 2 (pp127-131)

Program Hand Calc Variance with IEC 909

Location Result Type
Value Value Hand Calcs Example
i peak 47812 47880 0.14%
X/R @ ½ cyc 11.26 11.2 0.53%
F1
I”k 19092 19130 0.2% 19120
6 cyc Break 16702 16730 0.167% 16650

All variances with Hand Calculations and IEC 909 documents are attributed to round off on input data or
results.

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