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 Calculate the capacity of vertical oil & gas separator, given:

 Shell height = 10 ft.

 Inside diameter of separator = 24 in.

 Gas gravity = 0.8 (assume Ideal Gas).

 Oil gravity = 45° API at 60° F.

 Operating pressure = 400 psia.

 Operating temperature = 60°F.

 C = 0.167.

Solution

Gas Capacity (qsc)

Density of oil @ 60 °F:

141.5 141.5
𝜌𝑜 = × 62.4 = × 62.4 = 50.02 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3
131.5 + 𝐴𝑃𝐼 131.5 + 45

Density of gas @ standard conditions:

𝑃 × 𝛾𝑔 400 × 0.8
𝜌𝑔 = 2.7 = 2.7 = 1.66 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3
𝑍×𝑇 1 × (60 + 460)

1/2
67824 𝐶 𝑑 2 𝑃 𝑇𝑠𝑐 + 460 𝜌𝑜 − 𝜌𝑔
𝑞𝑠𝑐 = × × ×
𝑍 𝑃𝑠𝑐 𝑇 + 460 𝜌𝑔

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 1/2
67824 × 0.16 × (24/12)2 400 60 + 460 50.02 − 1.66
𝑞𝑠𝑐 = × × ×
1 14.7 60 + 460 1.66

𝒒𝒔𝒄 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟖 𝑴𝑴𝒔𝒄𝒇/𝒅𝒂𝒚

Oil Capacity (qo)

𝑑2 × 𝑕 100.5 × 22 × 3.25
𝒒𝒐 = 100.5 = = 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟕 𝒃𝒃𝒍/𝒅𝒂𝒚
𝑡 1

Calculate the capacity of a vertical oil and gas separator Given Shell height = 10
ft Inside diameter of separator = 24 inch Gas gravity = 0.75 Oil gravity = 40
API @ 60 f Operating pressure = 1000 psia Operating temperature = 60 F,
constant = 0.16.

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 Calculate the diameter of a horizontal separator, given:

 Separator length= 10 ft

 Operating pressure= 775 psia

 Operating temperature= 90 F

 Gas specific gravity= 0.64

 Compressibility factor= 0.881

 Liquid gravity= 10 API at 60 F

 Capacity= 70 MM SCF/day

Solution

141.5 141.5
𝛾𝑜 @ 60𝐹 = = =1
131.5 + 𝐴𝑃𝐼 131.5 + 10

𝛾𝑇 = 𝛾60 1 − 0.0004 𝑇 − 60

𝛾90 𝐹 = 1 1 − 0.0004 90 − 60 = 0.988

𝜌𝑜 = 𝑆𝐺90 𝐹 × 62.4 = 0.988 × 62.4 = 61.65 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3

𝑃× 𝛾𝑔 775× 0.64
𝜌𝑔 = 2.7 = 2.7 = 2.77 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3
𝑍×𝑇 0.881×(90+460)

0.5
𝜌𝑜 − 𝜌𝑔 61.65−2.77 0.5
𝑣 = 0.382 × = 0.382 × = 1.76 𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝜌𝑔 2.77

𝑞 𝑠𝑐 ×𝑍×𝑇
𝑞𝑔 = 0.327 ×
𝑝

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 70×0.881×(90+460)
𝑞𝑔 = 0.327 × = 14.32 𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑠𝑒𝑐
775

𝑞 14.32
𝐴𝑔 = = = 8.132 𝑓𝑡 2  𝐴 = 2 × 𝐴𝑔 = 16.264
𝑣 1.761

4𝐴 4×16.264
𝑑= = = 4.55 𝑓𝑡
𝜋 𝜋

Calculate liquid capacity of oil and gas separator has liquid settling volume V L
equals 0.94 bbl and retention time is 60 second.

Solution

𝑉 (𝑏𝑏𝑙) 0.94
𝑄 = 1440 = 1440 × = 1353.6 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑡 (𝑚𝑖𝑛) 1

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 A gas well produces 10 MMSCF/day along with 2000 lbs of water and 700
barrels per day (BPD) of condensate having a density of 300 lbs/bbl. The
hydrate formation temperature at the flowing pressure is 75 °F. If the average
flow line temperature is 65 °F, determine the amount of methanol needed to
inhibit hydrate formation in the flow line given that the methanol solubility in
condensate is 0.5% by weight and that the ratio of the lbs methanol in
vapor/MMSCF of gas to the weight percent of methanol in water is 0.95. The
molecular weight of methanol is 32.04 and K value is 2335.

Solution

The depression in hydrate formation, ∆T = 75 – 65 = 10 °F

𝐾𝑊
∆𝑇 =
100 × 𝑀𝑊 − 𝑀𝑊 × 𝑊

Where, ∆T = depression of hydrate formation temperature, °F

MW = molecular weight of inhibitor,

K = constant

W = weight percentage of inhibitor in final water phase

2335 𝑊
10 =  W = 12.07 %
100× 32.04 − 32.04 ×𝑊

Required Methanol in water = 0.1207 × 2000 = 241.4 lb/day

Pounds of methanol in vapor = 0.95 × 12.07 = 11.47 lbs/MMSCF

= 11.47 × 10 MMSCF/day = 114.7 lbs/day

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 Methanol dissolved in condensate = 0.005 × 300 lb/bbl × 700 bbl/day

= 1050 lb/day

Total amount of methanol = 241.4 + 114.7 + 1050 = 1406 lbs/day

From the results, we see that 1050 lbs of methanol (75% of the total) are
dissolved in the condensate and thus do not contribute to the treatment.
Such treatment is therefore, economically unacceptable. It is evident that
the condensate must be separated first before the treatment.

Determine the amount of glycol needed to inhibit hydrate formation in flow

line. Gas well produces 15 mmscfd, 1000 lb of water per day, and 500 bbl per
day of condensate having density of 300 lb per bbl and flow line temperature is
65 °F and hydrate formation temperature is 75 °F. The ratio of the lbs of glycol
in vapor per mmscf of gas to the weight of glycol in water is 0.95.The
molecular weight of glycol is 62.07 and K value is 2200.

Solution

The depression in hydrate formation, ∆T = 75 – 65 = 10 °F

𝐾𝑊
∆𝑇 =
100 × 𝑀𝑊 − 𝑀𝑊 × 𝑊

2200 × 𝑊
10 =
100 × 62.07 − 62.07 × 𝑊

W = 22 %

Required Glycol in water = 0.22 ×1000 = 220 lb/day

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 Pounds of Glycol in vapor = 0.95 × 22 = 20.9 lbs/MMSCF

= 20.9× 15 MMSCF/day = 313.15 lbs/day

Methanol dissolved in condensate = 0 .005 × 300 lb/bbl × 500 bbl/day

= 750 lb/day

Total amount of glycol = 220 +313.5 + 750 = 1283.5 lbs/day

From the results, we see that 750 lbs of methanol (58% of the total) are
dissolved in the condensate and thus do not contribute to the treatment.
Such treatment is therefore, economically unacceptable. It is evident that
the condensate must be separated first before the treatment

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 Find the PTB of a crude oil having 10% by volume remnant water if its
concentration is estimated to be 40,000 ppm @25 °C.

Solution

Take a basis of 1000 bbl of wet oil:

The BS&W =10%

Saline water concentration 40,000 ppm

10
𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 1000 × = 100 𝑏𝑏𝑙
100

5.6 𝑓𝑡 3
= 100 𝑏𝑏𝑙 × = 560 𝑓𝑡 3
𝑏𝑏𝑙

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑄𝑤 × 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝑙𝑏
= 560 𝑓𝑡 3 × 63.3787 = 35828 𝑙𝑏
𝑓𝑡 3

40000
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 35828 × = 1433
1000000

Using PTB equation

1000 𝑊𝑅 𝑆𝑅
𝑃𝑇𝐵 = 350 × 𝑆𝐺𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑒 × ×
100 − 𝑊𝑅 106

1000 × 10 40000
𝑃𝑇𝐵 = 350 × 1.0253 × × = 1595
100 − 10 106

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 If remnant brine contains 28,100 PPM salt, estimate the remnant S&W content
(Vol %) if the dehydrated crude must meet a 10 lb salt per 1000 bbl (PTB)
specification.

Solution

1000 𝑊𝑅 𝑆𝑅
𝑃𝑇𝐵 = 350 × 𝑆𝐺𝑏𝑟𝑖 𝑛𝑒 × ×
100 − 𝑊𝑅 106

1000 × %𝑆&𝑊 28100

10 = 350 × 1.0253 × ×
100 − %𝑆&𝑊 106

%𝑆&𝑊 = 0.1%

A one desalting unit is used to treat 1000 BPD of net oil. The oil entering the
first stage contains 5 percent water having 50000 PPM salt and 1.07 specific
gravity determine the salt content of the oil in pounds per thousands of bbl.

Solution

1000 × 5 50000
𝑃𝑇𝐵 = 350 × 1.07 × ×
100 − 5 106

𝑃𝑇𝐵 = 985.5

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 A one desalting unit is used to treat 2000 BPD of net oil. The oil entering the
first stage contains 10 percent water having 60000 PPM salt and 1.07specific
gravity determine the salt content of the oil in pounds per thousands of bbl.

Determine salt content by PTB of crude oil 1000 bbl produced from new
produced well has water cut 15 Percent and water salinity 45,000 ppm at 25 C ?

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 The following production data are used in sizing a fire box of vertical H. treater:

 Oil production = 400 STB/day

 Water production = 300 STB/day

 Specific gravity of oil = 0.815

 Specific gravity of water = 1.02

 Emulsion 20 % of water

 Flowing temperature = 90 F

 Treating temperature =150 F

 Specific heat of oil = 0.5 Btu/lb/F

 Specific heat of water = 1.0 Btu/lb/F

 Settling time = 2.5 hr

 Heat losses 20 %

Calculate the total heat required in Btu/hr Solution.

Solution

For Oil:

The weight of the oil is

𝑆𝑇𝐵 𝑙𝑏 𝑔𝑎𝑙 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦

𝑊 = 400 × (0.815 × 8.34 × 42 )× = 4758 𝑙𝑏/𝑕𝑟
𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑏𝑙 24 𝑕𝑟

The heat load for oil  Q = m Cp ∆T

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 Q= 4758 × 0.5 × (150-90) = 142740 Btu/hr

For Water:

The weight of the water is

𝑆𝑇𝐵 20 𝑙𝑏 𝑔𝑎𝑙 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦

𝑊 = (300 × ) × (1.02 × 8.34 × 42 )× = 893.21 𝑙𝑏/𝑕𝑟
𝑑𝑎𝑦 100 𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑏𝑙 24 𝑕𝑟

The heat load for water  Q = m Cp ∆T

Q= 893 × 1 × (150-90) = 53600 Btu/hr

Total heat load =142740+53600 = 196340 Btu/hr

Heat losses = 0.2×196200 = 39268 Btu/hr

The total heat required = 196340 + 39268 = 235608 Btu/hr

Hence, 250000 Btu/hr firebox satisfies the minimum requirement heat in the
above production data.

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 For a lease consisting of five producing wells, each with an average production
capacity of 10,000 bbl/day. Find:

1. Total storage capacity

2. Number of storage tanks

Solution

Rule a:

Capacity of one tank = 2 – 3 days of oil production/well

= 2.5 × 10 000 = 25 000 bbl/well

For five wells, Total storage capacity = 5 × 25 000 = 125 000 bbl

Rule b:

Storage capacity for the entire lease = 3-4 days of oil production / lease

= 3.5 × 50 000 = 175 000 bbl

Conclusions:

The number of storage tanks according to rule a is 125 000 / 25 000

= 5 tanks

The number of storage tanks according to rule b is 175 000 / 25 000

= 7 tanks

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 For a lease consisting of 8 producing wells, each with an average production
capacity of 20,000 bbl/day, find the approximate total storage capacity and the
number of storage tanks.

For a lease consisting of five producing wells, each well with an average oil
production capacity of 10,000 bbl/day and water daily production for five wells
about 500 bbl/day after separation Process by test separator. Find the following:

1. Total storage capacity.

2. Number of storage tanks.

A produced oil field has ten wells each well producing 2000 bbls/day what are
the number of tanks required and total capacity storage for field.

Solution

Capacity of one tank = 2 – 3 days of oil production/well

= 2.5 × 2000 = 5000 bbl/well

Daily production rate = 10 × 2000 = 20,000 bbls

The number of tanks = 20000/ 5000 = 4 tanks

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 For safety consideration the total capacity should has from two to three days
spare capacity

Total capacity for emergency = 20000 × 2 /5000 = 8 tanks

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 Estimate the operating ratio per stage for oil and gas processing plant if the
discharge pressure is 1200 psia and suction pressure is 500 psia and number of
stages two

Solution

1/𝑛
𝑃𝑑
𝑅=
𝑃𝑠

where R = ratio per stage

Pd = discharge pressure, psia

Ps = suction pressure, psia

n = number of stages

1/𝑛 1/2
𝑃𝑑 1200
𝑅= = = 1.549
𝑃𝑠 500

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 Gas Vented from Glycol Dehydrator

F = 1 MMcf/day

W = 21.7 lbH2O/MMcf

R = 3 gallons/pound

OC = 150%

G = 3cf/gallon

Solution

𝐹 × 𝑊 × 𝑅 × 𝑂𝐶 × 𝐺 × 365 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝐺𝑉 =
1000 𝑐𝑓/𝑀𝑐𝑓

1 × 21.7 × 3 × 1.5 × 3 × 365 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

𝐺𝑉 = = 107 𝑀𝑐𝑓/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
1000 𝑐𝑓/𝑀𝑐𝑓

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 Water removal by dehydration

𝑊𝑖 − 𝑊𝑜 𝐺
𝑊𝑟 =
24
Where:

Wr = Water removed, lb/hr.

Wi = Water at inlet, lb/MSCF.

Wo = Water at outlet, lb/MSCF.

G = Gas flow rate, MSCF/D.

Desalter efficiency can be calculated as

𝑆𝑖 − 𝑆𝑜 × 100
𝑆𝐸 =
𝑆𝑖

Where:

SE = salt removed efficiency (%).

Si = salt content of raw crude oil (PTB).

So = salt content of desalted oil (PTB).

Desalter efficiency should be 90 - 95%.

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