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ME6603A QB PDF
ME6603A QB PDF
1. An alloy bar 1m long and 200 mm2 in cross section is fixed at one end is subjected to a
compressive load of 20 kN. If the modulus of elasticity for the alloy is 100GPa, find the
decrease in the length of the bar. Also determine the stress developed and the decrease in
length at 0.25m, 0.5m and 0.75m. Solve by collocation method. (16)
2. An alloy bar 1m long and 200 mm2 in cross section is fixed at one end is subjected to a
compressive load of 20 kN. If the modulus of elasticity for the alloy is 100GPa, find the
decrease in the length of the bar. Also determine the stress developed and the decrease in
length at 0.25m, 0.5m and 0.75m. Solve by Ritz method. (16)
𝑑 2𝑦
4. The differential equation for a phenomenon is given by − 500 𝑥2 = 0; 0≤x≤5. The
𝑑𝑥 2
boundary condition are y(0) = 0, y(5)=0. Find the approximate solution using any classical
technique. Start with minimal possible approximate solution.
5. Determine using any Weighted Residual technique the temperature distribution along a
circular fin of length 6 cm and radius 1 cm. The fin is attached to a boiler whose wall
temperature is 140°C and the free end is insulated. Assume convection coefficient h=10
W/cm2 ° C. Conduction coefficient K = 70 W/cm2 °C and T∞ = 40°C. The governing
equation for the heat transfer through the fin is given by
𝑑 𝑑𝑇
− 𝐾𝐴 𝑋 + ℎ𝑝 𝑥 (𝑇 − 𝑇∞) = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Assume appropriate boundary conditions and calculate the temperatures at every 1 cm
from the left end.
6. Derive the governing equation for a tapered rod fixed at one end and subjected to its own
self weight and a force P at the other end as shown in Figure. Let the length of the bar be l
and let the cross section vary linearly from A1 at the top fixed end to A2 at the free end. E
and γ represent the young’s modulus and specific weight of the material of the bar.
Convert this equation into its weak form and hence determine the matrices for solving
using the Ritz Technique.
7. A simply supported beam subjected to uniformly distributed load over entire span.
Determine the bending moment and deflection at mid span by using Rayleigh-Ritz method
and compare with exact solutions.
4. Find the deflection at the centre of a simply supported beam of a span length “l” subjected
to uniformly distributed load throughout its length as shown in Fig. 02 using: (i) Point
collocation method, (ii) Subdomain collocation method, (iii) Least squares method and (iv)
Galerkin’s method
6. A beam AB of span “l” simply supported at ends and carrying a concentrated load W at the
centre “C” as shown in Fig. 03. Determine the deflection at midspan by using Rayleigh-Ritz
method and compare with exact solutions.
7. A cantilever beam of length L is loaded with a point load at the free end. Find the
maximum deflection and bending moment using Rayleigh-Ritz method using the function
Y= A [ 1 – cos(π x/ 2 L) ].
8. Consider a uniform rod subjected to a uniform axial load as illustrated in fig. It can be
readily shown that the deformation of the bar is governed by the differential equation
𝑑 2𝑦
𝐴𝐸 + 𝑞0 = 0
𝑑 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢
With the boundary conditions u (0) =0, ⋮ x=L = 0. Find the approximate solution to this
𝑑𝑥
problem by point collocation method.
9. The governing equation for a fully developed steady laminar flow of a Newtonian viscous
fluid on an inclined flat surface as shown in fig is given by
d 2y
µ dx 2 + ρg cos θ =0
Where,
µ = coefficient of viscosity
ν = fluid velocity
ρ = density
g = acceleration due to gravity
θ = angle between inclined surface and the vertical
𝑑𝑣
The boundary conditions are given by 𝑑𝑥 ⋮ x=0 = 0 (Zero Shear Stress)
ν (L) = 0 (no slip)
Find the velocity distribution ν(x) using weighted residual method.
10. Consider the problem of a cantilever beam under uniformly distributed load qo as shown
𝑑 4𝜈
in figure. The governing differential equation is given by EI 𝑑𝑥 4 -qo=0 and the boundary
𝑑𝜈 𝑑 2𝜈 𝑑 3𝜈
conditions are given by ν (0) = 0, 𝑑𝑥 0 = 0,𝑑𝑥 2 (L)= 0, 𝑑𝑥 3 (L)= 0. Where the first two boundary
conditions enforce zero displacement and slope at the fixed end and the last two conditions
prescribe zero bending moment and shear force at the free end. weighted residual method.
11. Let us consider the example of a simply supported beam under uniformly distributed load as
shown in figure . The governing differential equation and the boundary conditions are given by
12.Consider the problems of a long cylinder of radius R with uniformly distributed heat source qo.
The governing differential equation is given by
𝑑 2𝑇 1 𝑑𝑇 𝑞o
+ + =0
𝑑𝑟 2 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑘
And the boundary conditions are given by
T(R) = Tw the wall temperature
𝑑𝑇
qO πR2 = (-k) (2πRL) ⋮ r=R
𝑑𝑟
the second boundary conditions implies that heat generated = heat lost. Determine the
temperature distribution T as a function of radial location
13. Consider the simply supported rectangular plate subjected to a uniform load, as shown in fig.
The governing differential equation is given by
Eh 3 ∂ 4y ∂ 4w ∂ 4𝑤
[ + 2 ∂x 2 ∂y 2 + ∂y 4 ] – qo = 0 and the boundary conditions by
12 (1−v)2 dx 4
𝜕2 𝑤 𝜕2 𝑤
W(o,y) = 0 = w(a,y); w(x,0) =0 =w(x,b); 𝜕𝑥 2
= 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 ; 𝜕𝑦 2
= 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏
solve this using Galerkin’s method.
PART – A
UNIT -2
One Dimensional Second Order Equations – Discretization – Element Types – Linear & Higher
Order Elements – Derivation of shape functions and stiffness matrices & force vectors – Assembly of
matrices – Solution of problems from solid mechanics and heat transfer. Longitudinal vibration
frequencies and mode shapes – Fourth order beam equation – Transverse deflections and natural
frequencies of beam.
PART – B
Derivation:
1. Shape function (Ni), Stiffness matrix [K] , Force vector derivation for
(i) Linear bar element (ii) Quadratic bar element (iii) Truss element (iv) Beam element
(v) Longitudinal vibration of bar element (vi) Heat transfer problems.
Problems:
1. A two noded truss element is shown in Figure. The nodal displacements are u1 = 5 mm and
11 1
u2 = 8 mm. Calculate the displacement at x = 4 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 (16)
2. For the two bar truss shown in Figure, determine the displacements of node 1 and the stress
in element 1-3. (16)
3. Derive the shape functions for one dimensional linear element using direct method. (16)
4. The loading and other parameters for a two bar truss element is shown in Fig. Determine
5. Determine the shape function and element matrices for quadratic bar element. (16)
6. Derive the shape functions for a 2D beam element. (8)
7. Derive the stiffness matrix for 2D truss element. (8)
8. Write the mathematical formulation for a steady state heat transfer conduction problem and
derive the stiffness and force matrices for the same. (16)
9. A tapered bar of aluminium is having a length of 500 cm. The area of cross section at the
fixed end is 80 cm2 and the free end is 20 cm2 with the variation of the sectional area as
linear. The bar is subjected to an axial load of 10 kN at 240 mm from the fixed end.
Calculate the maximum displacement and stress developed in the bar. (16)
10. A fixed beam AB of 5 m span carries a point load of 20 kN at a distance of 2m from A.
Determine the slope and deflection under the load. Assume EI = 10 × 103kN- m2. (16)
11. For the spring system shown in Figure 1, calculate the global stiffness matrix,
displacements of nodes 2 and 3, the reaction forces at node 1 and 4. Also calculate the
forces in the spring 2. Assume, k1= k3 = 100 N/m, k2 = 200 N/m, u1=u4=0 and P = 500 N.
12. Derive an equation to find the displacement at node 2 of fixed-fixed beam subjected to
axial load P at node 2 using Rayleigh-Ritz method.
15. Determine the maximum deflection and slope in the beam, loaded as shown in Figure.
Determine also the reactions at the supports. E = 200 GPa, I=20 × 10-6 m4, q = 5 kN/m
and L= 1m.
16. For a three-bar assemblage shown in figure, determine (a) the global stiffness matrix, (b)
the displacements of nodes 2 and 3, (c) the reactions at nodes 1 & 4. A force of 3000 lb is
applied in the x direction at node 2. The length of each element is 30 in. Let E = 30 × 106
psi and A =1 in2 for elements 1 and 2, Let E = 15 × 106 psi and A = 2 in2 for element 3.
Nodes 1 and 4 are fixed.
UNIT – 3
3. Define bandwidth in finite element analysis and its significance in the solution of global
system matrices.
4. For the plane strain elements shown in figure, the nodal displacements are given as u1 =
0.005 mm, v1 = 0.002 mm, u2 = 0.0, v2 = 0.0, u3 = 0.005 mm, v3 = 0.30 mm. Determine the
element stresses and the principle angle. Take E = 70 Gpa and Poisson’s ration = 0.3 and use
unit thickness for plane strain. All coordinates are in mm.
5. Establish the traction force vector and estimate the nodal forces corresponding to a uniform
radial pressure of 7 bar acting on an axissymmetric element as shown in figure. Take E = 200
GPa and Poisson’s ratio = 0.25
6. Determine the element stiffness matrix and the thermal load vector for the plane stress
element shown in figure. The element experiences 20°C increases in temperature. Take E =
15e6 N/cm2, γ=0.25, t =0.5 cm and α= 6e-6/°C.
7. For the plane strain element shown in the Figure, the nodal displacements are given as u1=
0.005 mm, u2 = 0.002 mm, u3 = 0.0 mm, u4=0.0 mm, u5=0.004 mm, u6 = 0.0 mm. Determine
the element stress. Take E = 200 Gpa and γ =0.3. Use unit thickness for plane strain.
UNIT – 4
2. The nodal co-ordinates for an axisymmetric triangular element are given in figure.
Evaluate strain – displacement matrix for that element.
3. Calculate the element stiffness matrix for the axisymmetric triangular element shown in
Fig. The element experiences a 15°C increases in temperature. The coordinates are in mm.
Take α = 10×10-6/oC, E= 2×105 N/mm2, ν =0.25. The coordinates are (9,10) (6,7) (8,7).
5.
UNIT 5
ISOPARAMETRIC FORMULATION
(i) Plane stress, Plane strain (ii) Node, Element and Shape functions
4. Derive the shape fuctions for 4-noded rectangular element by using natural coordinate
system.
5. Evaluate the Cartesian coordinate of the point P which has local coordinates ε= 0.6 η= 0.8.
5. For the four noded element shown in Fig. (i) determine Jacobian and evaluate its value at
the point (1/2,1/3)
6. Determine the first two natural frequencies of longitudinal vibration of the bar shown in
Fig. assuming that the bar is discretised into two elements as shown. E and ρ represent the
young’s modulus and the mass density of the material of the bar.
8.Consider the Isoparametric quadrilateral element with nodes 1-4 at (5,5), (11,7), (12,5) and
(4,10) respectively. Computer the Jacobian matrix and its determinant at the element
centroid.
9. Use Gaussian quadrature with two points to evaluate the integral. The Gaussian points are
± 0.5774 and weights at the two points are equal to unity.