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UNIT-6
TRIGONOMETRY

7 # , & #, & ! . ! &# " & & # , 2+# * $# *&( . & #

. 2, # ! &2* & ) ! ! & # 2 $# *&( # . ! #+#2 & !% &2*& -7

1. If xcos – ysin = a, xsin + ycos = b, prove that x2+y2=a2+b2.

m
Ans: xcos - y sin = a

co
xsin + y cos = b
Squaring and adding
x2+y2=a2+b2.

y.
2. Prove that sec2 +cosec2 can never be less than 2.

Ans: S.T Sec2 + Cosec2 can never be less than 2. da

to
If possible let it be less than 2.
1 + Tan2 + 1 + Cot2 < 2.
2 + Tan2 + Cot2
es

(Tan + Cot )2 < 2.

Which is not possible.
di

3. If sinϕ = , show that 3cosϕ-4cos3ϕ = 0.

tu

Ans: Sin ϕ = ½
ϕ = 30o
.s

Substituting in place of ϕ =30o. We get 0.

w
w

4. If 7sin2ϕ+3cos2ϕ = 4, show that tanϕ = .

w

1
Ans: If 7 Sin2ϕ + 3 Cos2ϕ = 4 S.T. Tanϕ
3
2 2 2 2
7 Sin ϕ + 3 Cos ϕ = 4 (Sin ϕ + Cos ϕ)

3 Sin2ϕ = Cos2ϕ

Sin 2ϕ 1
=
Cos 2ϕ 3

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1
Tan2ϕ =
3

1
Tanϕ =
3

5. If cosϕ+sinϕ = cosϕ, prove that cosϕ - sinϕ = sin ϕ.

Ans: Cosϕ + Sinϕ = 2 Cosϕ

( Cosϕ + Sinϕ)2 = 2Cos2ϕ

m
Cos2ϕ + Sin2ϕ+2Cosϕ Sinϕ = 2Cos2ϕ
Cos2ϕ - 2Cosϕ Sinϕ+ Sin2ϕ = 2Sin2ϕ ∴2Sin2ϕ = 2 - 2Cos2ϕ

co
(Cosϕ - Sinϕ)2 = 2Sin2ϕ 1- Cos2ϕ = Sin2ϕ & 1 - Sin2ϕ =
Cos2ϕ

y.
or Cosϕ - Sinϕ = 2 Sinϕ.

6.
da
If tanA+sinA=m and tanA-sinA=n, show that m2-n2 = 4
to
Ans: TanA + SinA = m TanA – SinA = n.
2 2
m -n =4 mn .
es

m2-n2= (TanA + SinA)2-(TanA - SinA)2

= 4 TanA SinA
RHS 4 mn = 4 (TanA + SinA)(TanA − SinA)
di

=4 Tan 2 A − Sin 2 A
tu

Sin 2 A − Sin 2 ACos 2 A

=4
.s

Cos 2 A
Sin 4 A
w

=4
Cos 2 A
w

Sin 2 A
=4 = 4 TanA SinA
Cos 2 A
w

∴m2 – n2 = 4 mn

7. If secA= , prove that secA+tanA=2x or .

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1
Ans: Secϕ = x +
4x
1 2
Sec2ϕ =( x + ) (Sec2ϕ= 1 + Tan2ϕ)
4x
1 2
Tan2ϕ = ( x + ) -1
4x
1 2
Tan2ϕ = ( x - )
4x

1
Tanϕ = + x -
4x

m
1 1

co
Secϕ + Tanϕ = x + + x-
4x 4x
1
= 2x or

y.
2x

8.
da
If A, B are acute angles and sinA= cosB, then find the value of A+B.

Ans: A + B = 90o
to
es

9. a)Solve for ϕ, if tan5ϕ = 1.

di

45
Ans: Tan 5ϕ = 1 ϕ= ϕ=9o.
5
tu

Sinϕ 1 + Cosϕ
b)Solve for ϕ if + = 4.
.s

1 + Cosϕ Sinϕ
w

Sinϕ 1 + Cosϕ
Ans: + =4
w

1 + Cosϕ Sinϕ
w

Sin 2 ϕ + 1(Cosφ) 2
=4
Sinϕ(1 + Cosϕ)

Sin 2 ϕ + 1 + Cos 2 ϕ + 2Cosϕ

=4
Sinϕ + SinϕCosϕ

2 + 2Cosϕ
=4
Sinϕ (1 + Cosϕ )

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2 + (1 + Cosϕ )
=4
Sinϕ (1 + Cosϕ )

2
=4
Sinϕ

1
Sinϕ =
2
Sinϕ = Sin30
ϕ = 30o

m
10. If

co
Cosα Cosα

y.
Ans: =m =n
Cosβ Sinβ

m
Cos 2α
2=
n 2= Cosα 2
da
to
Cos 2 β Sin β
2
es

LHS = (m2+n2) Cos2 β

Cos 2α Cos 2α
di

+ Cos 2 β
Cos 2 β Sin 2 β
tu

1
2
α Cos 2 β
.s

= Cos
Cos βSin β
2 2
w

Cos 2α 2
w

= =n
Sin 2 β
w

(m2+n2) Cos 2 β =n2

11. If 7 cosecϕ-3cotϕ = 7, prove that 7cotϕ - 3cosecϕ = 3.

Ans: 7 Cosecϕ-2Cotϕ=7
P.T 7Cotϕ - 3 Cosecϕ=3
7 Cosecϕ-3Cotϕ=7
7Cosecϕ-7=3Cotϕ
7(Cosecϕ-1)=3Cotϕ

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7(Cosecϕ-1) (Cosecϕ+1)=3Cotϕ(Cosecϕ+1)
7(Cosec2ϕ-1)=3Cotϕ(Cosecϕ+1)
7Cot2ϕ=3 Cotϕ (Cosecϕ+1)
7Cotϕ= 3(Cosecϕ+1)
7Cotϕ-3 Cosecϕ=3

12. 2(sin 6ϕ+cos6ϕ) – 3(sin4ϕ+cos4ϕ)+1 = 0

Ans: (Sin2ϕ)3 + (Cos2ϕ)3-3 (Sin4ϕ+(Cos4ϕ)+1=0

Consider (Sin2ϕ)3 +(Cos2ϕ)3
(Sin2ϕ+Cos2ϕ)3-3 Sin2ϕCos2ϕ( Sin2ϕ+Cos2ϕ)
= 1- 3Sin2ϕ Cos2ϕ

m
Sin4ϕ+Cos4ϕ(Sin2ϕ)2+(Cos2ϕ)2
= (Sin2ϕ+Cos2ϕ)2-2 Sin2ϕ Cos2ϕ

co
= 1- 2 Sin2ϕ Cos2ϕ
= 2(Sin6ϕ+Cos6ϕ)-3(Sin4ϕ+Cos4ϕ) +1

y.
= 2 (1-3 Sin2ϕ Cos2ϕ)-3 (1-2 Sin2ϕ+Cos2ϕ)+1

13.
da
5(sin8A- cos8A) = (2sin2A – 1) (1- 2sin2A cos2 A)
to
Ans: Proceed as in Question No.12
es

5
14. If tanθ =& θ +φ =90o what is the value of cotφ.
6
5 Cotφ = 5 Since ϕ + θ = 90o.
di

Ans: Tanθ = i.e.

6 6
tu

15. What is the value of tanϕ in terms of sinϕ.

Sinϕ
Ans: Tan ϕ =
.s

Cosϕ
Sinϕ
w

Tan ϕ =
1 − Sin 2ϕ
w
w

16. If Secϕ+Tanϕ=4 find sin ϕ, cosϕ

Ans: Sec ϕ + Tan ϕ = 4

1 Sinϕ
+ =4
Cosϕ Cosϕ

1 + Sinϕ
=4
Cosϕ

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(1 + Sinϕ ) 2
= 16
Cos 2ϕ

apply (C & D)

(1 + Sinφ ) 2 + Cos 2φ 16 + 1
= =
(1 + Sinφ ) 2 − Cos 2φ 16 − 1

2(1 + Sinφ ) 17
=
2 Sinφ (1 + Sinφ ) 15

m
1 17
=
Sinφ 15

co
15
Sinϕ=
17

y.
Cosϕ = 1 − Sin 2ϕ

da
2
15 8
1− =
17 17
to
p2 −1
17. Secϕ+Tanϕ=p, prove that sinϕ =
es

p2 +1

P2 −1
di

Ans: Secϕ + Tanϕ= P. P.T Sinϕ= 2

P +1
tu

Proceed as in Question No.15

.s

18. Prove geometrically the value of Sin 60o

w

Ans: Exercise for practice.

1 − tan θ 3 −1 sin θ
w

19. If = ,show that =1

1 + tan θ 3 +1 cos 2θ
w

Ans: Exercise for practice.

2 1
20. If 2x=secθ and = tanθ ,then find the value of 2 x 2 − 2 .
x x
(Ans:1)
Ans: Exercise for practice.

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HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES

1. If the angle of elevation of cloud from a point ‘h’ meters above a lake is and the

angle of depression of its reflection in the lake is , prove that the height of the
cloud is .

Ans :

m
co
y.
da
If the angle of elevation of cloud from a point ‘n’ meters above a lake is ∝ and the
to
angle of depression of its reflection in the lake is β, prove that the height of the
tan β + tan α
es

cloud is h
tan β − tan α
Let AB be the surface of the lake and
di

Let p be an point of observation such that AP = h meters. Let c be the position of

the cloud and c’ be its reflection in the lake. Then ∠CPM = ∝ and ∠ MPC1 = β.
tu

Let CM = x.
.s

Then, CB = CM + MB = CM + PA = x + h
w

CM
In ∆ CPM, we have tan ∝ =
PM
w

x
tan ∝ =
w

AB
[∴ PM = AB]
AB = x cot∝ ………..1
In ∆ PMC’, we have
C'M
tanβ =
PM
x + 2h
tanβ = [Θ C’M=C’B+BM = x + h + n]
AB
AB = (x + 2h) cot β
From 1 & 2
x cot ∝ = (x + 2h) cot β

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x (cot ∝ - cot β) = 2h cot β (on equating the values of AB)

1 1 2h tan β − tan α 2h
x − = x =
tan α tan β tan β tan α + tan β tan β
2h tan α
x=
tan β − tan α
Hence, the height CB of the cloud is given by CB is given by CB = x + h
2h tan α
CB= +h
tan β − tan α
2h tan α + h tan β − h tan α h(tan α + h tan β )
CB- =
tan β − tan α tan β − tan α

m
co
2. From an aero plane vertically above a straight horizontal road, the angles of
depression of two consecutive milestones on opposite sides of the aero plane are
observed to be and . Show that the height of the aero plane above the road is

y.
.

Ans:
da
to
Let P Q be h
QB be x
es

Given : AB = 1 mile
QB = x
di

AQ = (1- x) mile
in ∆PAQ
tu

PQ
Tan α =
AQ
.s

h
w

Tan α =
1− x
w

h
w

1 – x= ………….1
Tanα

In ∆PQB
h
Tan β =
x
h
x=
Tanβ
Substitute for x in equation (1)
h h
1= +
Tanβ Tanα

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1 1
1= h +
Tanβ Tanα
1 Tanβ + Tanα
=
h Tanβ Tanα

∴h =

3. Two stations due south of a tower, which leans towards north are at distances ‘a’ and
‘b’ from its foot. If and be the elevations of the top of the tower from the
situation, prove that its inclination ‘ ’ to the horizontal given by

m
co
Ans: Let AB be the leaning tower and C and D be the given stations. Draw BL ⊥ DA

y.
produced.
Then, ∠BAL = 0, ∠BCA = α, ∠BDC = a and DA = b.
Let AL = x and BL = h
In right ∆ALB, we have : da
to
AL x
= Cot θ = Cot θ
BL h
es

x
= Cot θ x = h cot θ …..(i)
h
In right ∆BCL, we have :
di

CL
= Cot α a + x = h cot α
tu

BL
a = h (cot α - cot θ)
.s

a
h= ...(ii)
(cot α − cot θ )
w
w

In right ∆BDL, we have :

DL DA + AL
= cot β = cot β
w

BL BL
b+ x
= cot β b + x = b cot β
h
b = h ((cot β - cot θ) [using (i)]
b
h= ………..(iii)
(cot β − cot θ )

equating the value of h in (ii) and (iii), we get:

a b
=
(cot α − cot θ ) (cot β − cot θ )

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a cot β - a cot θ = b cot α - b cot θ

(b – a) cot θ = b cot α - a cotβ
b cot α − a cot βθ
cot θ =
(b − a )

4. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point on the same level as the foot
of the tower is . On advancing ‘p’ meters towards the foot of the tower, the angle of
elevation becomes . show that the height ‘h’ of the tower is given by h=

m
5. A boy standing on a horizontal plane finds a bird flying at a distance of 100m from

co
him at an elevation of 300. A girl standing on the roof of 20 meter high building finds
the angle of elevation of the same bird to be 450. Both the boy and the girl are on

y.
opposite sides of the bird. Find the distance of the bird from the girl. (Ans: 42.42m)

da
Ans: In right ∆ ACB
AC
Sin 30 =
AB
to
1 AC
=
2 100
es

2 AC = 100
AC = 50m
di

AF = (50 – 20) = 30m

In right ∆ AFE
tu

AF
Sin 45 =
AE
.s

1 30
=
w

2 AE
AE = 30 2
w

= 30 x 1.414
= 42.42m
w

6. From a window x meters high above the ground in a street, the angles of elevation
and depression of the top and the foot of the other house on the opposite side of the
street are and respectively. Show that the height of the opposite house is
Meters.

Ans: Let AB be the house and P be the window

Let BQ = x ∴ PC = x
Let AC = a

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PQ h
In ∆ PQB, tan θ = or tan θ =
QB x
h
∴x= = h cot θ
tan θ
AC a
In ∆ PAC, tan θ = or tan θ =
PC x
∴ a = x tan θ > (h cot θ) tan θ = h tan θ cot θ.
∴ the height of the tower = AB = AC + BC
= a + h = h tan θ cot θ + h = h (tanθ cot θ + 1)

m
7. Two ships are sailing in the sea on either side of a lighthouse; the angles of
depression of two ships as observed from the top of the lighthouse are 600 and 450

co
respectively. If the distance between the ships is meters, find the

y.
height of the lighthouse. (Ans:200m)

Ans: In right ∆ ABC

Tan 60 =
h da
to
BC
h
3=
es

BC
H = 3 BC
di

In right ∆ ABD
h
tu

Tan 45 =
BD
h = BD
.s

1+ 3
BC + BD = 200
w

3
w

1+ 3
BC + 3 BC = 200
3
w

200(1 + 3
BC =
(
3 1+ 3 )
∴h= 3 BC
200
= 3
3
= 200m
∴ height of light house = 200m

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8. A round balloon of radius ‘a’ subtends an angle at the eye of the observer while the
angle of elevation of its centre is . Prove that the height of the center of the balloon
is a sin cosec /2.

Ans: Let be the centre of the ballon of radius ‘r’ and ‘p’ the eye of the observer. Let
PA, PB be tangents from P to ballong. Then ∠APB = .
θ
∴∠APO = ∠BPO =
2
Let OL be perpendicular from O on the horizontal PX. We are given that the
angle of the elevation of the centre of the ballon is φ i.e.,
∠OPL = φ
θ OA

m
In ∆OAP, we have sin =
2 OP
θ a

co
sin =
2 OP
θ

y.
OP = a cosec
2

da
OL
In ∆OP L, we have sinφ =
OP
φ
OL = OP sin φ = a cosec
to
sin .
2
Hence, the height of the center of the balloon is a sin cosec /2.
es

9. The angle of elevation of a jet fighter from a point A on the ground is 600. After a
flight of 15 seconds, the angle of elevation changes to 300. If the jet is flying at a
di

speed of 720 km/hr, find the constant height at which the jet is flying.(Use
tu

3 =1.732 (Ans: 2598m)

.s

Ans: 36 km / hr = 10m / sec

720 km / h = 10 x 720
w

36
w

Speed = 200 m/s

w

Distance of jet from

AE = speed x time
= 200 x 15
= 3000 m
AC oppositeside
tan 60o =
BC adjacentside

AC
3=
BC
BC 3 = AC

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AC = ED (constant height)
∴ BC 3 = ED ……………….1
ED oppositeside
tan 30o =
BC + CD adjacentside
1 ED
=
3 BC + 3000
BC + 3000
=ED
3
BC + 3000
=BC 3 (from equation 1)
3

m
BC + 3000 = 3BC
3BC – BC = 3000

co
2 BC = 3000
BC = 3000
2

y.
BC = 1500 m

ED = BC 3 (from equation 1) da
to
= 1500 3
= 1500 x 1.732
es

ED = 2598m
∴ The height of the jet fighter is 2598m.
di
tu

10. A vertical post stands on a horizontal plane. The angle of elevation of the top is 60o
2h
and that of a point x metre be the height of the post, then prove that x = .
.s

3
Self Practice
w

11. A fire in a building B is reported on telephone to two fire stations P and Q, 10km
w

apart from each other on a straight road. P observes that the fire is at an angle of 60o
to the road and Q observes that it is an angle of 45o to the road. Which station should
w

send its team and how much will this team have to travel? (Ans:7.32km)

Self Practice

12. A ladder sets against a wall at an angle α to the horizontal. If the foot is pulled away
from the wall through a distance of ‘a’, so that is slides a distance ‘b’ down the wall
cos α − cos β a
making an angle β with the horizontal. Show that = .
sin β − sin α b
Ans: Let CB = x m. Length of ladder remains same

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CB
Cos α = ∴ ED = AC Let Ed be
CA
x
Cos α = ∴ ED = AC = h
h
x = hcos α ………(1)

DC + CB
cos β =
ED
a+x
cos β =
h
a + x = hcos β

m
x = hcos β – a ………(2)
from (1) & (2)

co
hcos α = hcos β - a
hcos α - hcos β = - a

y.
-a = h(cosα - cosβ) ……...(3)
AE + EB
Sin α =

Sin α =
AC
b + EB
da
to
h
hSin α – b = EB
EB = hSin α – b
es

……...(4)
EB
Sin β =
DE
di

EB
Sin β =
tu

h
EB = hSin β ………(5)
.s

From (4) & (5)

w

hSin β = hSin α – b
b = hsin α – hSin β
w

-b = h(Sin β - Sin α) ……...(6)

w

Divide equation (3) with equation (6)

− a h(cos α − cos β )
=
− b h(sin β − Sinα )

a Cosα − Cosβ
∴ =
b Sinβ − Sinα

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13. Two stations due south of a leaning tower which leans towards the north are at
distances a and b from its foot. If α , β be the elevations of the top of the tower
b cot α − a cot β
from these stations, prove that its inclination ϕ is given by cot ϕ = .
b−a
Ans:
Let AE = x, BE = h
BE h
Tan φ = =
AE x
1
x= h x
tan φ

m
x = h cot φ ---------------1

co
BE h
tan α = =
CE a+x

y.
a + x = h cot α
x= h cot α - a --------------2

tan β =
BE
=
DE b + x
h
da
to
b+x = h cot β
x = h cot β - b ---------------3
es

from 1 and 2
di

h cot φ = h cot α - a
h ( cot φ + cot α ) = a
tu

a
h= -------------4
.s

− cot φ + cot α
from 1 and 3
w

h cot φ = h cot β - b
h ( cot φ - cot β) = b
w

b
w

h=
− cot φ + cot β
from 4 and 5

a b
=
− cot φ + cot α − cot φ + cot β
a (cot β - cot φ ) = b ( cot α - cot φ )
- a cot φ + b cot φ = b cot α - a cot β
(b – a) cot φ = b cot α - a cot β

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b cot α - a cot β
cot φ =
b−a

14. In Figure, what are the angles of depression from the observing positions O1 and O2
of the object at A?

(Ans: 30o ,45o)

Self Practice

m
15. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower standing on a horizontal plane from a

co
point A is α . After walking a distance d towards the foot of the tower the angle
d
of elevation is found to be β . Find the height of the tower. (Ans: )

y.
cot α − cot β
Ans:
Let BC = x
tan β =
AB
da
to
CB
h
tan β =
es

x
h
x=
tan β
di

x = h cot β ---------(1)
tu

AB
tan α =
.s

DC + CB
h
tan α =
w

d+x
w

h
d+x= = hcotα
tan α
w

x = h cot α - d ----------(2)

from 1 and 2
h cot β = h cot α - d
h (cot α - cot β ) = d
d
h=
cot α − cot β

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16. A man on a top of a tower observes a truck at an angle of depression α where

1
tanα = and sees that it is moving towards the base of the tower. Ten minutes
5
later, the angle of depression of the truck is found to be β where tan β=√5, if the
truck is moving at a uniform speed, determine how much more time it will take to
reach the base of the tower...

10 minutes=600sec A

Ans: Let the speed of the truck be x m/sec CD=BC-BD

In right triangle ABC

m
h 1

co
tanα = tanα =
BC 5

y.
BC=h√5…………. 1
In right triangle ABD
C
da
α
D
β
B
to
h
tanβ=
BD
es

h=√5BD ( tan β=√5 )

CD=BC-BD ( CD=600x )
di

600x =5BD-BD
BD=150x
tu

150 x
Time taken =
x
.s

=150 seconds
Time taken by the truck to reach the tower is 150 sec.
w
w
w

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