Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

7 Basic Properties of Circles (II)

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 7 Basic Properties of Circles (II)

Activity Follow-up Exercise

p. 66
Activity 7.1 (p. 63)
∵
1. x  25 (alt. s, TC // DE)
1.

OTB = 90 (tangent  radius)

x  y  90
(tangent  radius)
y  90  25
 65

2. OT = OC (radii)
OTC  OCT (base s, isos. △)
2. 90. IfF the angle between ST and PQA is not equal
to 90, a right-angled triangle with ST as the
x
hypothenuse can be drawn. In siuch case, the opposite OTC  OCT  TOC  180 ( sum of
side perpendicular to PQ is shorter than ST. So, the line △)
segment ST is shortest when ST  PQ. 180  70
x 
 2
3. (a) OC  55
(b) No
OTB  90 (tangent  radius)
4. 90 x  y  90
y  90  x
Activity 7.2 (p. 82)
 90  55 (tangent  radius)
1. (a)  35

3. ∵

OTA  90 (tangent  radius)

AT 2
 OT 2
 AO 2
(Pyth. theorem)
12  r2 2
 (4  r ) 2

144  r 2
 16  8r  r 2
r  16
(b) (i) Yes
(ii) Yes
4. TG = TE (given)
TGE  TEG (base s, isos. △)
2.  60
GTB  TGE (alt. s, AB // CD)
 60
OTB  90
(tangent  radius)
x  60  90
x  30

p. 69
1. PTO = QTO (tangent properties)
x  25
3. Yes
TQ = TP (tangent properties)
y  6

2. OPT  90 (tangent  radius)

x  110   90 (ext.  of △)
 20

QTO  PTO (tangent properties))

y  20

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

p. 77
3. OPT  90 (tangent  radius) 1. CAT  CTQ ( in alt. segment)
x  26  90 a  75
x  64
CBT  CTQ ( in alt. segment)
TQ  TP b  75
(tangent  radius)
∴∵ TQP  TPQ
 64
y  180  64  64 BAT  BTQ
2. ( in alt. segment)
 52 (tangent properties) x  35
BOT  2BAT
QOP  2QRP y  2x ( at centre twice  at ⊙ )
4. x  2  54 ( at centre twice  at  2  35
ce

 108  70
⊙ )
ce
3.
OPT  OQT  90 (tangent  radius)
Consider quadrilateral OQTP. OTQ  90 (tangent  radius)
y  360  90  90  108
ABT  ATQ ( in alt. segment)
 72
 x  ATO  OTQ
 25  90
PQR  APQ
5.  115 
AP  AQ
APQ  AQP
alt. s, AP // QR 4. STQ  SRT ( in alt. segment)
tangent properties x
base s, isos.
∴ PQR = AQP x  ( 62  x )  40  180 ( sum of )
∴ PQ bisects RQA. x  39

p. 75 p. 87
ATP  ABT
1. ( in alt. segment) 1. ∵ ADB = ACB = 50 (given)
x  70
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. (converse of s in
BTQ  BAT ( in alt. segment) the same segment)
y  45
BAD  BCD  100  70
2. ∵
BAT  BTQ  170
2. ( in alt. segment)
x  50  180
∴ A, B, C and D are not concyclic.
ABT  ATP ( in alt. segment)
y  74 ABC  100  180
3. (adj. s on st. line)
ABC  80
ABC  100
3. TBA  180  35  42 ( sum of △) ∴ A, B, C and D are not concyclic.
 103
ATQ  ABT ( in alt. segment) 4. ABD  40  120  180 ( sum of
△)
x  103 ABD  20

4. BAT  BTP ABC  ADC  ( 20  50)  (40  70)

( in alt. segment)
x  180
ATB  TBA  BAT  180 ∴ A, B, C and D are not concyclic. (opp. s supp.)
( sum of
x  110   x  180
5. BAD  60  30
x  35
 90
△) ∵ BCE  BAD  90
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. (ext.  = int. opp. )

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 7 Basic Properties of Circles (II)

Exercise PA 2  OA2  (82  6 2 ) cm 2

Exercise 7A (p. 70)  100 cm 2
Level 1
OC  OP PO 2  ( 4  6) 2 cm 2
1. (radii)
 5 cm  10 2 cm 2
Consider △OPB.  100 cm 2
∴ PA + OA = PO2
2 2

OP 2  PB 2  OB 2 (Pyth. theorem)∴ OA  PA converse of Pyth.

52  122  (5  x) 2 theorem
∴ PA is the tangent to the converse of tangent
132  (5  x) 2 circle at A. converse of tangent 
x  8 or x  18 (rejected) radius  radius

2.
converse of tangent  radius
OP  OC (radii)
OPC  OCP (base s, isos. )
180  130
OPC  ( sum of )
2
 25
OPB = 90 (tangen(tangent 
radius)t
x  25  90
x  90  25
 65

TB  TA
TBA  TAB △
3.  68
x  68  68  180 △
x  44

( tangent properties)
(base s, isos. )

( sum of )

4. ATO  BTO (tangent

properties)

ATO  BTO  130  180 ( adj. s

180  130 on st. line)
ATO 
2
 25
OAT  90 (tangent 
radius)
x  180  90  25
 65 △
( sum
of )

5. OA  OB radii
 6 cm

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

6. ∵ AP = AR (tangent properties)
∴ AR = 3 cm 10. ABC = 90 (tangent  radius)
∴ RC  (8  3) cm BOD  180  90  32 ( sum of △)
 5 cm  58
∵ RC = QC (tangent properties) 1
∴ QC = 5 cm BAC  BOD
∵ BP = BQ (tangent properties) 2 ( at centre twice  at ⊙ )
∴ BQ = 2 cm 1 ce

BC  BQ  QC   58
2
 ( 2  5) cm
 29
 7 cm
ACB  ABC  BAC  180 ( sum of △)
ACB  180  90  29
7. OAR  OAP (tangent properties)  61
 27
OAR  AOB  OBR  180 
( sum of Level 2
27  116   OBR  180 AOB  2ACB

OBR  37
11. (a)  2  65 ( at centre twice  at ⊙ )
ce
△)  130

(b) OAT  OBT  90 (tangent  radius)

Consider quadrilateral AOBT.
OBQ  OBR ∵ Sum of the interior angles of quadrilateral
( (tangent properties) AOBT  360
(tangent properties) ATB  360  90  90  130
∴
(tangent properties)  50
(tangent properties)

1
TPQ  TOQ
ce

 37 2
QBR  37  37 12.
∴ 1
 74   68
2
 34
8. OA = OB (radii)
( at centre twice  at )
OAB  OBA (base s, isos. )
 34
AOT  34  34 (ext.  of )
 68 OTB  90 (tangent  radius)
TPB  PTB  QBT  180
OAT  90 (tangent  radius) ( sum of )
34  ( 90  15)  QBT  180
AOT  OAT  ATO  180 (  sum of ∵∴
) QBT  41
68  90  ATO  180
ATO  22
13. Let the radius of the circle be r cm.
OTA = 90 (tangent  radius)
9. OT = OP (radii)
OT 2  AT 2  AO 2
OTP  OPT
r 2  12 2  (8  r ) 2 (Pyth. theorem)
 62
OTB  90 r 2  144  64  16r  r 2
( base s, isos. ) r  5
∴ The radius of the circle is 5 cm.
(tangent  radius) TA  TB
14.
∴ PTB  90  62 TAB  TBA
 28 ( tangent properties)
PBT  PTB  OPT
(ext.  of △) (base s, isos. )
PBT  28  62
PBT  34

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 7 Basic Properties of Circles (II)

ATB  TAB  TBA  sumof △)

(180 PTA  180  TPA  PAT
( sum
44  2TBA  180  180  42  100
TBA  68  38
BMQ  25  68 of △)
(ext.  of △)
BMQ  43
AMQ  BMQ  180
(adj. s of (b) OT  PT (tangent  radius)
AMQ  43  180 ATO  90  PTA
on st. line )
AMQ  137  90  38
 52
15. SMEFSU07EX@F01
OA  OT (radii)
TAO  ATO (base s, isos. △)
 52
TOA  180  52  52 ( sum of )
∴ △
 76

Join OA, OB and OD.

OAE  OBC  90 (tangent  radius)
∵
OAE  OBC  90  90
 180
and AE // BF
∴ AOB is a straight line.
AOE  DOE
BOC  DOC
( tangent properties) (adj. s on
(tangent properties) st. line)
AOE  DOE  DOC  BOC  180
2DOE  2DOC  180
2(DOE  DOC )  180
2EOC  180
EOC  90

16. (a) Reflex POT  360  128 (s at a

 232
pt.)

1
PQT  ( reflex POT
( at) centre
2 twice
1
  232
2
 116 

OTQ  180  PQT

(b) (int. s, QP // TO
 180  116 
 64
OT  AB (tangent  radius)
QTA  90  OTQ
∴  90  64
 26

17. (a) PAT  TCB (ext. , cyclic quad.)

 100

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

18. SMEFSU07EX@F02 21. AP = AS, BP = BQ, CQ = CR

and DR = DS (tangent properties)
Perimeter of ABCD
 AB  BC  CD  DA
 AB  ( BQ  CQ )  CD  ( DS  AS )
 AB  CD  ( BQ  AS )  (CQ  DS )
 AB  CD  ( BP  AP )  (CR  DR )
Join AB.  AB  CD  AB  CD
Let AOT   .  2 AB  2CD
 ( 2  12  2  8) cm
BOT  θ tangent properties  40 cm
OA  OB radii
OAB  OBA base s, isos. 22.
180  AOB
OAB   sum of
2
180  2θ

2
 90  θ
CAB  90  in semi-circle
CAO  CAB  OAB SMEFSU07EX@F03
 90  (90  θ )
θ
CAO  AOT
∴ AC // TO alt. s equal

19. Let AP = x cm.

AP = AR (tangent properties)
BP = BQ (tangent properties)
CR = CQ (tangent properties)
Join OP.
∵ BP = (12  x) cm
Let OQB   .
∴ BQ  (12  x) cm
CQ  [7  (12  x )] cm OQ  OP radii
∵
 ( x  5) cm OQB  OPB   s, isos.
base
tangent  radius
∴ CR  (x  5) cm OPA  90
AR  [10  ( x  5)] cm BPA  90  θ
Consider △QOB.
 (15  x ) cm OBQ  180  90  
∵ AP = AR
 90  
∴ x = 15  x
∴ x = 7.5 ABP  OBQ
∴ AP = 7.5 cm  90  
BPA  ABP
20. BP = BR (tangent properties)
CR = CQ (tangent properties) AP  AB
∵  sum of
BR  CR  6 cm
BP  CQ  6 cm   (1) vert. opp. s

AP  AQ (tangent properties)
BP  AB  AC  CQ
sides opp. equal s
BP  9 cm  7 cm  CQ
From (1), we have 23. (a) AB = BD tangent properties
PB  9 cm  7 cm  (6 cm  PB ) BD = BC tangent properties
∴ PB  2 cm ∴ AB = BC
∴ AP = 11 cm
(b) BAD = BDA base s, isos. △

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 7 Basic Properties of Circles (II)

BAD  BDA  DBC BTP  TAB ( in alt. segment)

ext.  of △  25
2BDA  DBC
TBA  BTP  TPB
1 (ext.  of △)
BDA  DBC 65  25  x
2
BDC = BCD base s, isos. △ x  40
BDC  BCD  DBA
2BDC  DBA ext.  of △5. TP = TA (given)
BDC 
1
DBA TPA  TAP (base s, isos. △)
2 TPA  TAP  ATQ(ext.  of )
DBC  DBA  180 adj. s on st. line 2TAP  74
ADC TAP  37
 BDA  BDC BTP  TAP( in alt. segment)
 37
∴ 
1 1
DBC  DBA 37  x  74  180 (adj. s on st. line)
2 2
x  69
1
  180
2
 90 6. TBC  CTQ ( in alt. segment)
 37
Exercise 7B (p. 78) BCT  BTP ( in alt. segment)
Level 1
ABT  ATP
 75
1. ( in alt. segment) ACB  TBC (alt. s, CA // TB)
x  115  　　
 37
ABT  ACT  180
2. (opp. s, cyclic
(37  x )  (75  37)  180
BTQ  180  132 (adj. s on st. line) x  31
 48
quad.)
BAT  BTQ (  in alt. segment)
x  48
7. (a) Consider △BCD and △CAD.
3. TA  TB
BDC  CDA common angle
TAB  TBA
(given) BCD  CAD  in alt. segment
(base s, isos. ) DBC  180  BDC  BCD  sum of
TAB  TBA  ATB  180 DCA  180  CDA  CAD  sum of
2TAB  42  180 ∴ DBC = DCA
( sum of ∴ △BCD ~ △CAD AAA
TAB  69
BTQ  TAB
( in alt. segment) (b) ∵ △BCD ~ △CAD
x  69 segment) BD CD
∴ 
CD AD
△)
9 12 cm
∴ 
12 9 cm  AB
9 cm  AB  16 cm
ATB  90
AB  7 cm
4. TAB  180  ATB  TBA
 180  90  65
8. (a) Consider △BCT and △CAT.
 25 CTB  ATC
(  in semi - circle)
TCB  TAC
(  sum of ) common angle
 in alt. segment
CBT  180  CTB  TCB
ACT  180  ATC  TAC

8
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

 sum of
 sum of
∴ CBT = ACT
∴ △BCT ~ △CAT AAA

(b) ∵ △BCT ~ △CAT

BT CT
 Join BD.
CT AT
ADB  PAB ( in alt. segment)
8 10 2
∴   66
10 2 x 8
x 8  25 BDC  MCB ( in alt. segment)

x  17  32

ADC  ADB  BDC

TA  TB
9.  66  32
TAB  TBA
( tangent properties)  98
ABC  180  ADC
(base s, isos. ) (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
 180  98
 82
TAB  TBA  ATB  180 ( sum of )
2TAB  56  180
TAB  62 12. CTP  TAC ( in alt. segment)
 37
ACB  TAB ( in alt. segment) ATC  180  ATQ  CTP (adj. s, on st. line)
 62  180  52  37
 91
ATC  ABC  180
BAC  ACB  ABC  180 ( sum of ) (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
91  ABC  180
32  62  ABC  180
ABC  89
ABC  86

10.
ACB  CAD alt. s, CB // DE
13.  given
ADT  ATQ (  in alt. segment) AB AC
 53 ∴ ABC  ACB base s, isos.

DAT  BCD ABC

(ext. , cyclic quad.)  CAD
∴ DE is the tangent to the
 60 circle at A. converse of  in
DAT  ADT  ATD  180 alt. segment
( sum of
60  53  ATD  180
ATD  67 TC  TA given
△) 14.
TCA  TAC base s, isos. △
BT  BA given
∴
BTA  BAT base s, isos. △
11. BTA  TCA
∴ PA is the tangent to
the circle at T. converse of  in
alt. segment

15. BD  BC ( given)
BDC  BCD (base s, isos. )
Let BCD = t.
ABD  BCD  BDC (ext.  of )
 2t
SMEFSU07EX@F04 x ABD ( in alt. segment)
 2t

9
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (II)

x  y  BDC  180 (adj. s on st. line)

∴ CPA  
2t  y  t  180 BAC  90 ( in semi-circle)
y  180  3t Consider △BPA.
ABP  BPA  PAB  180
Take t  20 ,
x  2( 20)     (90   )  180 ( sum of
 40   30
ABC  30
y  180  3( 20)
 180  60 △)
 120
(or any other reasonable answers)
19. (a) ABP  ACB ( in alt. segment)
Level 2  39
EDB  ABE APB  180  PAB  ABP
16. (
 70  180  105  39
EBD  EDC  36
(  in alt. segment) sum of △)

(  in alt. segment)
(b) ADB  ABP ( in alt. segment)
Consider △BCD.
EBD  BCD  BDC (180
 sumof △)  39
EDC  50  ( 70  EDC )  180 DAE  ACB (alt. s, PD // BC)
EDC  30  39
AEB  ADB  DAE
(ext.  of △)
 39  39
CTP 180  CTQ
17. (adj. s on st. line)  78
180  145
35 20. (a) Consider △ABC and △BTC.
CAT CTP ( in alt. segment) BAC  TBC  in alt. segment
 35 ACB  90  in semi-circle
ACT  TPC  CTP (ext.  of BCT  180  90adj. s on st. line
△)
 25  35  90
 60 ACB  BCT
CTA  180  ACT  CAT ( sum of  sum of △
ABC
 180  60  35  sum of △
 180  BAC   ACB
sum of △
 85  180  TBC  BCT
△)
 BTC
CTA  ABC  180 ∴ △ABC ~ △BTC AAA
(opp. s, cyclic
85  ABC  180
ABC  95
(b) AB 2  AC 2  CB 2 (Pyth. theorem)

quad.) ∴ AB  52  32 cm
 34 cm
∵ △ABC ~ △BTC
18. Let ABC = .
AB AC

CAP  ABC TB BC
  34 cm 5

∴ TB 3
AC  CP
CAP  CPA
5TB  3 34 cm
(  in alt. segment) 3 34
TB  cm
5
(given)
21. SMEFSUO7EX@F05
(base s, isos. )

10
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

common angle
 in alt. segment


 sum of

 sum of
∴ △PAT ~ △PTB AAA
Join AM, AN, AB, BM and BN.
(b) Let PA = x cm.
∵ △PAT ~ △PTB
PA PT

AMB ANB 2

PT PB

  (arcs prop. to s at
x

6 5 x
6

AMB 1
∴
5x  x 2  36

ANB x 2  5x  36  0
( x  4)( x  9)  0
⊙ce)
ANB  2AMB x  4 or x  9 ( rejected)
PA  4 cm
AMB  ANB  180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.) ∴
3AMB  180
24. (a) PD  PC
AMB  60
PDC  PCD
PA  PB (tangent properties)
( tangent properties)
PAB  PBA (base s, isos. )
(base s, isos. )
PAB  AMB ( in alt. segment)
180  DPC
 60 PCD 
APB  PAB  PBA  180
2 ( sum of △)
( sum of △ 180  50
APB  60  60  180 
APB  60 2
 65
BA  BC (given) CBD  PCD ( in alt. segment)
BAC  BCA (base s, isos. △ )  65
 x BDC  BCN
(ext.  of △ )
ABT  BAC  BCA  36
22. AB  AD
 2x
CTQ  BCA (alt. s, AC // PQ) ABD  ADB
 x (  in alt. segment)
BAT  CTQ ( in alt. segment)
 x (given)
Consider △ATB. (base s, isos. )
ATB  ABT  BAT  180
( sum of △ ABC  ADC  180 (opp. s, cyclic
78  2 x  x  180 quad.)
x  34
(ABD  DBC )  ( ADB  BDC )  180
23. (a) Consider △PAT and △PTB. (ABD  ADB )  65  36  180
APT  TPB
2ADB  79
PTA  ABT
ADB  39.5
PAT  180  PTA  APT ADC  ADB  BDC
 180  ABT  TPB ∴  39.5  36
 PTB  75.5

(b) BAC  BCN ( in alt. segment)

 36

11
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (II)

AKD  ABK  BAK Consider △APT.

(ext.  of △ APT  PAT  ATQ
 39.5  36
 75.5 42  (BAC  CAT )  100 (ext.  of △)
42  (BAC  25)  100
25. SMEFSU07EX@F06 BAC  33
(b) Consider △ABT.
ABT  ATB  TAB  180
( sum
100  ATB  (33  25)  180
ATB  22
of △)

Exercise 7C (p. 88)

Level 1
Join AB.
BAD  BCD
ABC  CAT 1. (a) 
 (38  42)  (35  65)
CAB  CBT
(  in alt. segment)  180
 A, B, C and D are concyclic. opp. s supp.
(  in alt. segment)
Consider △ABT. CDB  CAB 
(b) ( s in the same segment)
BAT  ABT  ATB  180 ( sum of △ x  38

(CAT  CAB )  (ABC  CBT )  702. (a) DBC

180
ABC  CAB  ABC  CAB  110 
 180  BDC  DCB
ABC  CAB  55 
 180  35  105  sum of △
Consider △ABC.
ABC  CAB  ACB  180  40
( sum of △
55  ACB  180
 DAC
ACB  125  A, B, C and D are
concyclic. converse of s
in the same
26. (a) ABT  ATQ ( in alt. segment) segment
 100 BAC  BDC 
(b) ( s in the same segment)
CBT  180  PBC  ABT x  35
(adj.
 180  55  100
 25 3. (a) CAD = DBC = 90
line)  A, B, C and D are
concyclic. converse of s
CAT  CBT (s in the same segment) in the same
segment
 25
(b) BAC
 180  EAB  CAD (adj. s on st.
 180  55  90
 35
line)

BDC  BAC (s in the same

 x  35
segment)

4. (a)

12
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

Mark the point F as shown in the figure.

13
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (II)

Consider △ABF.  ABCD is a cyclic

ABF  180  BAF  AFB quadrilateral.
 180  45  85
 50
 sum of △

ABC  ABF  FBC

 50  35
 85
 ABC = ADE
 A, B, C and D are
concyclic. ext.  = int.
opp. 

(b) DAC  DBC (s in the same

x  35

segment)

5. Consider △PBC.
PBC  PCB  APB ext.  of
△
16  PCB  62
PCB  46
ACD  BCD  PCB
 82  46
 36
 ABD  ACD
 A, B, C and D are
concyclic. converse of s in
the same segment

6. ABC = ADC opp. s of // gram

PQB = PDC ext. , cyclic quad.
DPQ = PQB alt. s, AD // BC
 DPQ = ABC
 A, B, Q and P are
concyclic. ext.  = int. opp. 

7. AD = AE given
ADE = AED base s, isos. △
ADE = ABC opp. s of // gram
 AED = ABC
 A, B, C and E are
concyclic. ext.  = int. opp. 

8. BPT = 90  in semi-circle

SQC = 90  in semi-circle
AQS  180  SQC adj. s on st. line
 180  90
 90
 AQS = BPT = 90
 A, P, R and Q are
concyclic. ext.  = int. opp. 

9. ATQ = ABT  in alt. segment

ATQ = CDT alt. s, PQ // CD
 ABT = CDT
 A, B, C and D are
concyclic. ext.  = int. opp. 

14
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

10. BAD = 180 – (x + y) ( sum of △)

BAD  BCD  180
(opp. s, cyclic
180  ( x  y )  z  180
x y  z
quad.)

Take x = 30 and y = 50, we have

z  30  50
 80
 x = 30, y = 50, z = 80
(or any other reasonable answers)

15
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (II)

11.

D is a point on the other side of AB such that

AD  BD.

Level 2
12. (a) OAT = 90 tangent  radius
OBT = 90 tangent  radius
 OAT + OBT = 180
 O, B, T and A are
concyclic. opp. s supp.

(b)  O, B, T and A are

concyclic. (proved in (a))
OTB  OAB
 (s in the same
 30
segment)

13. (a) APB = 90  in semi-circle

APM  APB  180 adj. s on st.
APM  90  180
APM  90
line

AOM = 90 given

 APM = AOM
 O, P, M and A are
concyclic. converse of s in
the same segment

(b) OA = OP radii
OAP = OPA base s, isos. △
OAP = OMP s in the same segment
 OPA = OMB

14. BRS = SQA ext. , cyclic quad.

SRC = 180 – BRS adj. s on st. line
SRC = SPA ext. , cyclic quad.
 180 – SQA = SPA
 SQA + SPA = 180
 A, Q, S and P are
concyclic. opp. s supp.
 AQSP is a cyclic
quadrilateral.

16
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

15. (a)  at ⊙ce

CAD  180  ACP  APB
 90  APB
 sum of △

 COD  2(90  APB )

 180  2APB

18. (a) (i) BQP = x  in alt.

Join PB and let ARP = .
segment
PBA = ARP =  s in the
CQP = y  in alt.
same segment
segment
APB = 90  in
 BQC = BQP + CQP
semi-circle
In △APB,  BQC = x + y
(ii) Consider △APD.
PAQ  180  APB  PBA 
APD  180  PAD  PDA 
 90    180  x  y
sum of △
sum of △
In △AQP,
PQB  PAQ  APQ BQC + BPC
 90    
 ( x  y )  (180  x  y )
ext.  of △  180
 90
 B, P, C and Q are
concyclic. opp. s supp.
(b)
(b)

Join RB.
TQB = 90 proved in (a)
TRB = 90  in semi-circle
TQB + TRB = 180
 R, T, Q and B are Join BC.
concyclic. opp. s supp. CQP = y  in alt. segment
 RTQB is a cyclic  B, P, C and Q are
quadrilateral. concyclic.
 CBP = CQP = y s in the same
16. Consider △ACB and △DBC. segment
AC = DB given  CDA = CBP = y
ACB = DBC given  A, B, C and D are
BC = CB common side
concyclic. ext.  = int. opp. 
 △ACB  △DBC SAS
BAC = CDB corr. s,  △s Revision Exercise 7 (p. 93)
 A, B, C and D are concyclic. converse of s in Level 1
the same segment 1. TB = TA (tangent properties)
TBA = TAB = x (base s, isos. △)
17. (a) ACB = 90  in semi-circle
TAB  TBA  ATB  180
ECP  180  ACB adj. s on ( sum of
2 x  58  180
 90
x  61
st. line
△)
ADB = 90  in semi-circle
 ECP = ADB TBA = ACB ( in alt. segment)
 P, D, E and C are ACB = CBF = y (alt. s, AC // TF)
concyclic. ext.  = int. opp.   TBA = y
But TBA = x = 61
(b) COD = 2CAD  at centre twice  y  61

17
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (II)

2. OAB = 90 (tangent  radius)

ODC = 90 (tangent  radius)
Sum of interior angles of pentagon = 180 (5 – 2)
= 540


AOD  540  90  90  100  128

 132

Join OC.
3. (a) BAP = 90 (tangent  radius)
COP  2CAP ( at centre twice
BAQ  180  ABQ  AQB
 2  29
 180  90  29
 58
 61
 at ⊙ )
( sum of △) ce

OCP = 90 (tangent  radius)

CAP  BAP  BAQ APC  180  OCP  COP 
(
 90  61  180  90  58
 29  32
sum of △)
(b)

4. BAC  BCQ ( in alt. segment)

 80
PAB  BAC  TAC  180
(adj. s on
36  80  x  180
x  64
st. line)

ABC = TAC ( in alt. segment)

 y  64
TA = TC (tangent properties)
TAC = TCA (base s, isos. △)
z  180  TAC  TCA 
( sum of △)
 180  64  64
 52

5. Let OCA = a.
OA = OC (radii)
OAC = OCA = a (base s, isos. △)
OCB = 90 (tangent  radius)
ACB  90  a
AB  AC (given)
ABC  ACB (base s, isos. △)
 90  a
OAC  ABC  ACB
 (90  a )  (90  a )
 180  2a
 180 – 2a = a
 a = 60
 OCA  60

6. BTP  OBT (alt. s, TP // OB)

 27
OTP = 90 (tangent  radius)

18
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

OTA  OTP  BTP

 90  27
 63
OA = OT (radii)
OAT  OTA (base s, isos. △)
 63
AOB  OBA  OAT (ext.  of △)
AOB  27  63
AOB  36

7. CAQ = ABC ( in alt. segment)

BAC = 90 ( in semi-circle)
Consider △ABQ.
ABQ  BAQ  AQC  180
ABC  (BAC  CAQ)  34  180 (
2ABC  90  34  180
ABC  28
sum of △)

8.

Join OB.
 BA = BD (given)
 DAB = ADB (base s, isos. △)
 OB = OA (radii)
 OBA = OAB (base s, isos. △)
OBD = 90 (tangent  radius)
Consider △ABD.
DAB + ABD + ADB = 180 ( sum of △)
DAB  (OBA  OBD )  DAB  180
3DAB  90  180
DAB  30

9. Consider △OBC.
OBC  OCB  BOC  180 ( sum of
OBC  OCB  134  180
OBC  OCB  46
△)

ABO = OBC (tangent properties)

ACO = OCB (tangent properties)
BAC  180  ABC  ACB
 180  2OBC  2OCB
(
 180  2(OBC  OCB )
 180  2  46
 88
sum of △)

19
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (II)

10. (a) ABC  180  BCA  BAC

13. (a)
 180  28  36
 116 
 sum of △

ABC = ADE = 116

 A, B, C and D are concyclic. ext.  = int.
opp. 
Join AC.  ABCD is a cyclic
CAB = 90 ( in semi-circle) quadrilateral.
ACB = BAQ ( in alt. segment)
= 36 CAD  ADE  ACD
(b) (ext.  of
ABC  180  CAB  ACB  116   54
 180  90  36  62
 54 △)
( sum of △) CBD  CAD
(s in the same segment)
 62
ADC  ABC  180
(b) ADC  54  180 (opp. s, cyclic
ADC  126
quad.)

11. (a) TDA  TCB (corr. s, AQ // BC)

 70
TQD  QTC  TDA
(ext.  of △)
26  QTC  70
QTC  44

(b) TBC  QTC ( in alt. segment)

 44
ATD  TBC  TCB  180
( sum
ATD  44  70  180
ATD  66
of △)

12.

Join OP and OQ.

OP  AB tangent  radius
OQ  AC tangent  radius
OP = OQ radii
 AB = AC chords equidistant from centre
are equal

20
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

14. ACB = 90  in semi-circle ABC  ADC (opp.  180 

s,
CAD  CDA  ACB ext.  of △ ( x  34)  (34  x  34) cyclic
 180quad.)

 90 x  39
ACD  180  ACB adj. s on st. line
 180  90 18. PAB = BPC ( in alt. segment)
 90 BAD = BCP (ext. , cyclic quad.)
In △PBC,
BAC  ABC  ACD ext.  of △
BPC  BCP  PBC  180 ( sum of △)
 90 BPC  BCP  100  180
 CAD + CDA =
BAC + ABC BPC  BCP  80
and CDA = BAC given PAD  PAB  BAD
 CAD = ABC  BPC  BCP
 AD is the tangent to  80
the circle at A. converse of  in


alt. segment 19.

DE EBD
15.
 
CD DAC
arcs prop. to s at ⊙ce



CD  DE given
Join OB.
OBP = OBQ = 90
OAP = OCQ = 90

AOB  OBP  APB  OAP  360

(tangent  radius)
(tangent  radius)

 EBD = DAC AOB  90  x  90  360

 P, A, B and Q are
AOB  180  x
concyclic. converse of s in the same
segment BOC  OCQ  BQC  OBQ  360
 PABQ is a cyclic BOC  90  y  90  360
quadrilateral. BOC  180  y
z  360  AOB  BOC
16. Draw a line segment PQ in rectangle ABCD, then draw (s at a
another line segment RS which is perpendicular to PQ as  360  (180  x )  (180  y )
shown in the following figure.  x y
pt.)

20. BY =BX (tangent properties)

BYX =BXY (base s, isos. △)
180  60
Level 2  BYX = BXY  2 ( sum of
DBC  AQB (alt. s, BC // AQ)
17. (a)  60
x △)
ABD  BDC (alt. s, BA // CD)
 BYX is an equilateral triangle.
 34 Let XY = a cm,
 ABC  DBC  ABD then BX = BY = a cm.
CY = CZ (tangent properties)
 x  34 AZ = AX (tangent properties)
CY  CZ  (5  a ) cm
(b) QAD  ABD ( in alt. segment)  AZ  CA  CZ
 34  [7  (5  a )] cm
ADB  QAD  AQD (ext.  of  (2  a ) cm
 34  x AX  AB  BX
and
△)
 (8  a ) cm
 AZ = AX

21
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (II)

 2+a= 8–a 21. (a)

 a= 3
 XY  3 cm

Join OP and OQ.

OPB = OQB = 90 tangent  radius
POQ  OQB  QBP
OPB  360
POQ  90  90  90  360
POQ  90
 OPBQ is a parallelogram. opp. s equal
OP = OQ radii
 OPBQ is a square.

(b) Let the radius of the circle be r cm.

PB = QB = r cm (property of square)
 AP = (12 – r) cm and
CQ = (5 – r) cm
AR = AP and CR = CQ (tangent properties)
AC  AR  CR
  [(12  r )  (5  r )] cm
 (17  2r ) cm
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 (Pyth. theorem)
AC  12  5 cm 2 2

 13 cm
 17  2 r  13
r2
 The radius of the circle  2 cm

22. (a) ONC = 90 tangent  radius

NCO = ACB common angle
NOC
 180  ONC  NCO
 90  NCO
ABC
 180  BAC  ACB
 90  ACB
 NOC = ABC
 △CON ~ △CBA AAA

(b) OMA = ONA = 90 tangent  radius

AM // NO int. s supp.
AN // MO int. s supp.
AM = AN tangent properties
 AMON is a square.

(c) Let the radius of the circle be r cm.

AM = AN = r cm (property of square)

22
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

 △CON ~ △CBA (proved in (a))

NO NC (b)  △PAC ~ △PBA proved in (a)
 PC PA
AB AC   corr. sides, ~ △s
r 6r PA PB
   PA2 = PC  PB
4 6
6r  24  4r (c) Let PC = x cm.
r  2 .4 Using the result of (b),

 The radius of the circle  2.4 cm

PA 2  PC  ( PC  BC )
6 2  x( x  5)
23. (a)
x 2  5 x  36  0
( x  4)( x  9)  0
x  4 or x  9 (rejected)
 PC  4 cm

26. (a) ADE  DAT  ATD (ext.  of

Join OA, OB and OC.  x y
Consider △ACO and △BCO. △)
CA = CB given
OA = OB radii AE = AD (given)
CO = CO common side AET = ADE (base s, isos. △)
 △ACO  △BCO SSS  AET  x  y

(b)  ACBO is a cyclic BTE  ATE

quadrilateral of the (b) given
larger circle.  y
CAO + CBO = 180 opp. s, cyclic quad. In △CET,
CAO = CBO corr. s,  △s AET  ECT  CTE ext.  of △
 CAO = CBO = 90 x  y  ECT  y
 AC and BC are tangents ECT = x
to the smaller circle at  BAT = ACB
A and B respectively. converse of
 TA is the tangent to the
tangent  radius
circle at A. converse of  in
alt. segment
24. (a) BR = BP tangent properties
CR = CQ tangent properties
27.
 BC = BR + CR
 BC = BP + CQ

(b) AP = AQ (tangent properties)

Perimeter of △ABC
 AB  AC  BC
 AB  AC  ( BP  CQ )
 ( AB  BP)  ( AC  CQ )
(proved in (a))
 AP  AQ Join OC and CT.
 2 AP BAC = CBT  in alt. segment
OC = OA radii
 ( 2  12) cm
OCA = OAC base s, isos. △
 24 cm COT = OCA alt. s, TO // CA
 CBT = COT
25. (a) Consider △PAC and △PBA.  C, O, B and T are
CAP = ABP  in alt. concyclic. converse of s in the
segment same segment
CPA = APB common angle
ACP  180  CAP  CPA 28. BDC = ABD alt. s, CF // BA
DEF = ABD ext. , cyclic quad.
 180  ABP  APB
KAE = DEF corr. s, CA // DE
 BAP  BDC = KAE
 sum of △  A, K, D and F are
concyclic. ext.  = int. opp. 
 △PAC ~ △PBA AAA

23
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (II)

29. (a) ABC = ADC = 90  in semi-circle CBF = FGB ( in alt.

FBE  180  ABC adj. s on st. segment)
=x
 90 ABG  GBF  CBF  180
line (adj. s on
36  102  x  180
EDF  180  ADC adj. s on st. x  42
 90 st. line)
line
 FBE = EDF
 B, E, F and D are
concyclic. converse of s in the
same segment
 BEFD is a cyclic
quadrilateral.

(b) BDC = BAC = 35 (s in the same segment)

BFE = BDC = 35 (s in the same segment)
DCF  CEF  CFE (ext.  of )
△
 27  35
 62
DCF  CFD  ADC
(ext.  of
62  CFD  90
CFD  28
△)

30. (a) ABC = 90  in semi-circle

CM  QS line joining centre
to mid-pt. of chord
 chord
 ABC = CMS = 90
 B, R, M and C are
concyclic. ext.  = int. opp. 
 BRMC is a cyclic
quadrilateral.

(b) PBR = BCA  in alt. segment

BCA = BRP ext. , cyclic quad.
 PBR  BRP
PB  PR sides opp. equal s

Multiple Choice Questions (p. 98)

1. Answer: C
ABO = CBO (tangent properties)
= 34
OAC = OAB (tangent properties)
=x
OCB = OCA (tangent properties)
= 25
ABC  BAC  ACB  180 
( sum of
2  34  2 x  2  25  180
x  31
△)

2. Answer: C
GBF = GED (ext. ,
cyclic quad.)
= 102

24
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

3. Answer: B ADB  PAB ( in alt. segment)

CDB = CAB = 52
 47
 A, B, C and D are
concyclic. (converse of s in the
BAD  180  ABD  ADB (
same segment)  180  2  47
 ABCD is a cyclic  86
quadrilateral. sum of △)
ADC  CBA  180
(opp. s,
(52  ADB )  72  180 BAD  DCB  180
(opp. s, cyclic quad.)
ADB  56 86  x  180
cyclic quad.) x  94

7. Answer: B
4. Answer: C ACB = BAP ( in alt.
segment)
= 52
BAC = 90 ( in semi-circle)
ABC  BAC  ACB  180 ( sum of
ABC  90  52  180
ABC  38
△)

Join QS. CAQ  ABC ( in alt. segment)

BP = BQ (tangent properties)  38
BPQ = BQP (base s, isos. △) CAQ  x  13  ACB
180  90 (ext.  of △)
BQP  ( sum o f △) 38  x  13  52
2 x  27
 45
CQ = CR (tangent properties) 8. Answer: D
CQR = CRQ(base s, isos. △)
180(5  2)
180  124 BCD 
CQR  ( sum of △) 5
2
 108
 28 PC = QC (tangent properties)
PSQ  BQP ( in alt. segment) CPQ = CQP (base s, isos. △)
 45 180  BCD
QSR  CQR
CQP 
( in alt. segment) 2 ( sum of △)
 28 180  108
PSR  PSQ  QSR 

2
 45  28
 36
 73
PRQ  CQP ( in alt. segment)
 36
5. Answer: A
TC = TB (tangent properties)
TCB = TBC (base s, isos. △) 9. Answer: B
TCB = ABC (alt. s, CT // AB) With the notations in the figure, join AB.
TBC = BAC ( in alt. segment)
ACB  180  BAC  ABC
 180  TBC  TCB ( sum of
 BTC
 32
△)

6. Answer: D
PAB  ABP BAC = CBE ( in alt.
(alt. s, PQ // BD)
segment)
 47 = 37

25
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (II)

PB = PA (tangent properties) 
BAP  180  84  37 (adj. s on st. line) 10. Answer: D
 59

CD DBC 1
ABP  BAP
 59
(base s, isos. △)

x  180  59  59 ( sum of △)

 62
  
DA DCA 3
(arcs prop. to s at ⊙ce)

63
DBC  (arcs prop. to s at ⊙ce)
3
 21
ABD = 63 (s in the same segment)
ACB = 37 ( in alt. segment)
ABC  ACB  BAC  180
( sum of
(63  21)  37  BAC  180
BAC  59
△)

11. Answer: D
ACE = 90 ( in semi-circle)
ECD = x ( in alt. segment)
BAC  ACD  180
(int. s, AB // PD)
(52  x )  (90  x )  180
x  19

12. Answer: B

Join BD.
BDA = 90 ( in semi-circle)
ABD = 53 ( in alt. segment)
BDC  180  90  53 (adj. s on st.
 37
line)
x  37  53 (ext.  of △)
x  16

13. Answer: C
Let PB = a cm.
AC  6 2  8 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
 10 cm
PB = QB (tangent properties)
QC = RC (tangent properties)
AP = AR (tangent properties)
 QC = (6 – a) cm
and AP = (8 – a) cm

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

AC  AR  RC
 10  (8  a )  (6  a )
a2
 AR  (8  2) cm
 6 cm

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 7 Basic Properties of Circles (II)

HKMO (p. 99)

Join OA, OB and OP. Draw a line OM which is perpendicular

to CB.
Let OM = l cm and radius of the circle = r cm.
CM = MB (line from centre  chord bisects chord)
9
MB  cm
2
 4.5 cm
Consider △OMB.
OM2 + MB2 = OB2 (Pyth. theorem)
l2 + 4.52 = r2
l2 = r2 – 4.52  (1)
Consider △OMP and △OPA.
(4.5 + d)2 + l2 = r2 + 62
4.52 + 9d + d2 + l2 = r2 + 36 (2)
By substituting (1) into (2), we have
4.5 2  9d  d 2  (r 2  4.5 2 )  r 2  36
d 2  9d  36  0
(d  3)(d  12)  0
d  3 or d  12 (rejected)

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