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Chapters
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Chapter 8 : Slope and Deflection
Topics
Chapter 1 : Simple Stress and
Strain
Chapter 2 : Principal Stresses 8.1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOMENT, SLOPE AND
and Strains DEFLECTION
Chapter 3 : Bending Moment The curvature of a curve y = f() of radius R is given by,
and Shear Force Diagrams
Chapter 3 : Part 2
Chapter 4 : Simple Bending of
Beams
Chapter 5 : Torsion
Chapter 6 : Thin Cylinders and
Spheres
Chapter 7 : Columns and Struts
Chapter 8 : Slope and
Deflection

8.2 MACAULAY’S METHOD OF INTEGRATION

This method is suitable for beams subjected to concentrated
loads and can be extended to uniformly distributed loads also.
It consists of successive integration of expressions for bending
moment in such a way that same constants of integration are
valid for all portions of the beam even though the law of
bending moment differs from portion to portion. The following
procedure is adopted to apply this method:
1. Write the general expression for the bending moment
covering all the loads just before the right hand support.
2. A bracket is disregarded when for a particular value of x the
contents of the bracket becomes negative.
3. The bracket terms must be kept intact and not multiplied out
until a numerical substitution is made for x.
4. If there is a uniformly distributed load starting anywhere and
Loremate.com on extending upto the right and then the general equation for
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bending moment will hold good for the entire beam. However,
Like 3,760 if the load does not extend upto the right end, the load may be

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extended upto the right end, and an equal and opposite load
may be added to counteract the effect due to the additional
load.

8.2.1 Concentrated Load on a Simply Supported Beam

Consider a simply supported beam AB of span 1 carrying
concentrated load W at C at a distance ‘a’ from left end
support.

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8.2.2 Uniformly Distributed Load on Simply Supported

Beam
Consider beam AB of length 1, simply supported at the ends
and carrying a uniformly distributed load of intensity w per unit
length, as shown in Fig. 8.2. The bending moment at a section
x — x is

8.2.3 Concentrated Load at the Free end of a Cantilever

Consider a cantilever beam AB of span 1carrying concentrated
load W at the free end,
a shown in Fig. 8.3. Bending moment at adistance x from the
free end is

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Consider a cantilever beam AB of span 1carrying uniformly

distributed loadof intensity
to per unit length over the whole span, as shownin Fig. 8.4.
The bending moment at a distance x from free end A is

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8.2.5 Cantilever Carrying a Concentrated Load not at the

Free End
Consider a cantilever AB of span 1
carrying a concentrated load W at a distance‘a’ from the free
end A, as shown in Fig. 8.5.
The bending moment at a distance x from thefree end is,

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Example 8.1. A beam AB, 15 m long is simply supported

at the ends. It carries two concentrated loads of 900 kN
and 60 kN at 4m and lOm respectively from the left end.
Moment of inertia of the beam about the neutral axis is
15 x 10 m4 and E = 200 GPa. Calculate the deflection of
the beam under the two loads.

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Example 8.2 A beam AB, simply supported at the ends, is

5m long. It is loaded as shown in Fig. 8.7 (a). If E = 210
GPa and I = 1 x 104m4 calculate the deflection at the
centre.

Solution. The udi has been extended to the end B and an

equal and opposite udi is applied on the span DB, as shown in
Fig. 8.7 (h).

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