Technical Specifications

for procurement of ADS-B Ground Station surveillance system

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 GENERAL........................................................................................................... 5
1.1.1 Purpose.................................................................................................... 5
1.1.2 Scope...................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Document Structure....................................................................................5
1.3 Applications of The Document.....................................................................5
1.3.1 Mandating................................................................................................ 5
1.3.2 Recommendation Phrases..........................................................................6
1.3.3 Basic Assumptions....................................................................................6
1.4 Description of System..................................................................................6
1.4.1 General Description of the Systems............................................................6
1.4.1.1 1090 ES ADS-B for RAD Application................................................6
1.4.2 Operational Objectives..............................................................................7
1.4.2.1 ADS-B 1090 ES system....................................................................7
1.4.3 Composition of the equipment....................................................................7
1.4.3.1 ADS-B 1090 ES system....................................................................7
Ground stations........................................................................................... 7
Central Processor........................................................................................ 7
Network connections...................................................................................7
CMS and interfaces.....................................................................................7
1.5 Definitions and Abbreviations......................................................................8
1.5.1 Definitions............................................................................................... 8
1.5.2 Abbreviations......................................................................................... 12
1.6 REFERENCES......................................................................................... 14
1.6.1 Relation to Other Documents...................................................................14
1.7 ICAO, Eurocontrol, EUROCAE/RTCA References....................................14
1.7.1 ICAO.................................................................................................... 14
1.7.2 Eurocontrol............................................................................................ 15
1.7.3 EUROCAE/RTCA..................................................................................15
2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS.............................................................17
2.1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................17
2.1.1 Software Design.....................................................................................17
2.1.2 Hardware Design....................................................................................17
2.2 ADS-B system...........................................................................................18
2.2.1 1090 ES Ground Station Services.............................................................18
2.2.2 1090 ES Ground Station Modes and States................................................18
2.2.2.1 1090 ES Ground Station Modes.......................................................18
2.2.2.2 1090 ES Ground Station States........................................................18
2.2.2.3 Time Source States.........................................................................18
2.2.3 Functional Requirements.........................................................................19
2.2.3.1 1090 ES Reception and Decoding Function......................................19
2.2.3.2 Report Assembly Function..............................................................20
2.2.3.3 Report Filtering Function................................................................20
2.2.3.4 UTC Time Synchronisation Function...............................................20
2.2.3.5 Ground Station Management and Status Reporting Function...............20
2.2.4 Additional Requirements.........................................................................21
2.2.4.1 Power Supply................................................................................21
2.2.4.2 Coverage requirement....................................................................21

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3 MINIMUM PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS..............................................23
3.1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................23
3.2 ADS-B system...........................................................................................23
3.2.1 Coverage and Detection...........................................................................23
3.2.2 System Capacity.....................................................................................23
3.2.2.1 Overall Capacity............................................................................23
3.2.2.2 Target Overloads............................................................................24
3.2.2.3 Communications Overloads.............................................................24
3.2.3 System Latency......................................................................................24
3.2.4 Continuity.............................................................................................. 24
3.2.5 Integrity................................................................................................. 24
3.2.6 Accuracy............................................................................................... 24
3.2.6.1 Time of Applicability Accuracy.......................................................24
3.2.6.2 Time of Message Reception Accuracy..............................................25
3.2.6.3 Data Accuracy...............................................................................25
3.2.7 Availability............................................................................................25
3.2.8 Equipment Control and Status..................................................................25
3.2.8.1 General......................................................................................... 25
3.2.8.2 Monitoring Functions (Local & Remote)..........................................26
3.2.8.3 Control Functions...........................................................................26
3.2.8.4 Security......................................................................................... 26
3.2.8.5 Data Logging.................................................................................27
3.2.9 Message Processing and Report Assembly.................................................27
3.2.9.1 General Message Processing Requirements.......................................27
3.2.9.2 Report Triggering...........................................................................28
3.2.9.3 Data Item Inclusion........................................................................29
3.2.9.4 ASTERIX Category 021 Report Assembly........................................31
3.2.9.5 ASTERIX Category 021 Edition 0.23 Report Assembly.....................31
3.2.10 Receiver Characteristics......................................................................31
3.2.10.1 Receiver Sensitivity........................................................................31
3.2.10.2 Receiver Desired Signal Dynamic Range..........................................31
4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS....................................................................32
4.1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................32
4.2 Storage...................................................................................................... 32
4.3 Transport.................................................................................................. 32
4.4 Outdoor use..............................................................................................32
4.5 European legislative requirements.............................................................32
5 INSTALLATION, TRAINING, WARRANTY........................................................34
5.1 INSTALLATION......................................................................................34
5.2 TRAINING............................................................................................... 34
5.3 WARRANTY............................................................................................34
6 APPENDIX A ASTERIX CAT 021/023.................................................................35

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1 GENERAL

This Technical Specification document specifies the minimum performance

requirements for ADS-B 1090 MHz Extended Squitter (1090 ES) Ground Station that
will be part of a system providing air situation picture to air traffic controllers and other
users within the Ljubljana FIR.

1.1.1 Purpose

 In the frame of this document the ADS-B system is primarily intended for
ATM in the Ljubljana FIR area to provide capability for autonomous cross
check of radar derived data and ADS-B GPS derived data. In phase one no
operational use of ADS-B data is foreseen.

1.1.2 Scope
The Technical Specification is designed to ensure that the procured ADS-B System
will be compatible with all relevant ICAO, EUROCONTROL and EUROCAE
specifications. Also the 1090 ES Ground Stations equipment will be compatible with
aircraft Mode S transponder equipment certified to ED-102/DO-260 or DO-260B and
capable of satisfying the requirements specified in ED-126 and ED-129.

1.2 DOCUMENT STRUCTURE

Chapter 1 of this document provides information required to understand the need for
the equipment characteristics and tests defined in the remaining chapters. It describes
typical equipment applications and operational objectives and is the basis for the
performance criteria stated.
Chapter 2 contains general design requirements for ADS-B system.
Chapter 3 contains the minimum performance specification for the ADS-B system,
defining performance under standard operating conditions.
Chapter 4 contains the environmental conditions for ADS-B system.
Chapter 5 contains installation and training requirements
Appendixes contain details about the related Eurocontrol ASTERIX categories.

1.3 APPLICATIONS OF THE DOCUMENT

1.3.1 Mandating
Compliance with this technical specification is recommended as a means of assuring
that the equipment will satisfactorily perform its intended functions under all conditions
normally encountered in Air Traffic Management surveillance operations.

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1.3.2 Recommendation Phrases
Shall - The use of the word ‘Shall’ indicates a mandated criterion; i.e. compliance
with the particular procedure or specification is mandatory and no alternative may be
applied.
Should - The use of the word ‘Should’ indicate that though the procedure or criterion
is regarded as the preferred option, alternative procedures, specifications or criteria may
be applied, provided that the manufacturer, installer or tester can provide information or
data to adequately support and justify the alternative.

1.3.3 Basic Assumptions

ASS1 The 1090 ES Ground Station is to be used to support the surveillance services
already in place in Ljubljana FIR.
ASS2 This specification will define the minimum functionality and performance
needed for ASS1.
ASS3 The 1090 ES Ground Station is to be interoperable with all ADS-B Mode S
transmitters conformant to ED-73B/DO-181C.
ASS4 The 1090 ES Ground Station can be connected to multiple client ground
systems (serving possibly different applications) and will provide a standard interface to
them based on the ASTERIX Category 021 and 023 specifications.
ASS5 The ES Ground Stations will provide a control and monitoring interface based
on industrial standards including as a minimum Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP).
ASS6 In a service intended for future ATC operational use, ASTERIX Category 021
reports will be output only when a validated WGS-84 position has been received. In
accordance with ED-126, reports will not be output if only the altitude has been received.

1.4 DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM

1.4.1 General Description of the Systems

1.4.1.1 1090 ES ADS-B for RAD Application

The 1090 ES Ground Station is part of a system that provides airspace and airport
surface situational awareness to aircraft pilots, air traffic controllers and other users. The
system provides services that are used by higher-level applications as described below
in this section. The ADS-B service collects position, velocity and status information from
systems and sensors on the aircraft and broadcasts this information to other targets and
Ground Stations. Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) is a means by
which aircraft, aerodrome vehicles and other objects can automatically transmit and/or
receive identification, position, velocity and additional data in a broadcast mode via a
data link. ADS-B is automatic because no external stimulus is required; it is dependent
because it relies on on-board navigation sources and on-board broadcast transmission
systems to provide surveillance information to other users. The aircraft originating the
broadcast will have no knowledge of which users are receiving its broadcast; any user,
either aircraft or ground based, within range of this broadcast, may choose to process
the received ADS-B surveillance information. The ADS-B-RAD application will enable an
enhancement of Air Traffic Services in areas where radar surveillance currently exists
and will apply to en-route and terminal phases of flight. The introduction of ADS-B may

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enhance these services by improving the overall quality of surveillance (i.e. radar +
ADS-B), especially when (and where) many aircraft become ADS-B equipped. Benefits
are expected from the improvements in quality of surveillance when ADS-B information
is added to the existing radar surveillance environment. Furthermore, in the longer term,
surveillance infrastructure costs may be reduced by replacing some of the SSR stations
required to provide multi-radar cover by ADS-B (assuming that the costs of ADS-B
sensors will be significantly less than SSR). In this scenario consideration would need to
be made of ADS-B equipage rates (in a similar way to Mode A/C equipage rates).
The intention of this application is to allow the procedures currently using radar to be
continued and enhanced by ADS-B.
As a minimum, the ADS-B data include three-dimensional position, the
corresponding time of the position data and a Figure of Merit that characterises the
accuracy of the position data, for estimating and predicting aircraft position. Additional
data may be provided as appropriate, such as velocity, intent and meteorological data.

1.4.2 Operational Objectives

1.4.2.1 ADS-B 1090 ES system

The ADS-B-RAD application could in future support, and enhance, Air Traffic
Services through the addition of ADS-B surveillance, in areas where radar surveillance
currently exists. It could apply to the en-route and terminal airspace.

1.4.3 Composition of the equipment

1.4.3.1 ADS-B 1090 ES system

ADS-B systems basically consist of 4 main ground components as shown below

Ground stations

Central Processor

Network connections

CMS and interfaces

1.5 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

1.5.1 Definitions
Accuracy - Accuracy is the quantitative bound of certainty in the calculated position
for a target as related to the true position of that target (see also Containment limit).
NOTE: The Accuracy bound is usually defined as the 95% or 2σ limit. The Containment
limit will be defined as the 4σ limit or greater and is usually significantly larger in
dimension. Horizontal position Accuracy is expressed as a Root Mean Square (RMS) of
an absolute distance error averaged over statistically significant set of measurements

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 Aircraft Address - A unique combination of twenty-four bits available for assignment
to an aircraft for the purpose of air-ground communications, navigation and surveillance.
Aircraft Identification (ACID) - The operational identification of the flight as used in
the Item 7 of the flight plan. It is either the ICAO designator for the aircraft operating
agency followed by the flight Identification or the registration marking of the aircraft
(when no flight plan is available or there is no aircraft operating agency designator).
Approach - Approach is the area from the runway threshold out to a distance of 20
nautical miles and within the runway glide path.
Availability - The probability that a system is able to perform its intended function at
the initiation of the intended operation. It is quantified as the proportion of time the
system is actually available to the time the system is planned to be available. Periods of
planned maintenance are discounted from Availability figures. NOTE: This definition is
consistent with EUROCAE ED-126.
Assurance Level (AL) - A measure of software assurance of ground based systems
used for Communication, Navigation and Surveillance in an Air Traffic Management
context (CNS/ATM). NOTE: Assurance Level is defined in ED-109 and are numbered
AL1 to AL6 with AL1 being the most stringent.
Cartesian Coordinates - Coordinates X, Y, Z in a local 3D Cartesian Coordinates
system with an origin at a system Receiving Unit defined in WGS-84 coordinates,
where:
 X and Y – axes define a plane which is tangential to the WGS-84 Ellipsoid at the
location of the origin
 Y – axis points to the geographical north at the origin
 X – axis is perpendicular to the Y – axis and points to the geographical east at
the origin
 Z – axis is perpendicular to the X, Y plane and points away from the centre of
the Earth
NOTE: This 3D Cartesian Coordinates system is consistent with the 2D system that
is defined in Cat020 Standard document.
The system Receiving Unit is defined in WGS-84 coordinates and may be published
in ASTERIX Category 019 using data items I019/600 and I019/610.
Coasting - The generation of Target Reports using Predicted Position over a period
greater than the Output Period.
Containment limit - A volume around a target’s true position that should not be
exceeded by measurement error in normal operation (see also Accuracy). NOTE: The
Accuracy bound is usually defined as the 95% or 2σ limit. The Containment limit will be
defined as the 4σ limit or greater and is usually significantly larger in dimension.
Continuity of Service - The ability of a system or an item to perform its required
function without unscheduled interruption throughout the duration of the intended
operation, assuming the system is available when the procedure is initiated.
Data Age - The interval between the Time of Applicability of a piece of information
and the time of output.
Detection - A successful decode of a target transmission.
NOTE: See also Position detection.
NOTE: Includes SSR interrogator replies and Squitter (1090MHz).
Extrapolation [persistent data] - The continued use of parameters that remain
constant or changes infrequently for inclusion in Target Reports when these parameters
have not been explicitly refreshed or updated from the target source.

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 NOTE: Such parameters should normally have a maximum acceptable Data Age
beyond which Extrapolation should not be continued.
Extrapolation [variable data] - The calculation of the value of a parameter at a
specified point in time based upon a historical sequence of values for that parameter for
inclusion in Target Reports when the parameter has not been explicitly refreshed or
updated from the target source.
NOTE: The calculations will require a tracking function to be performed on historical
data in order to generate the extrapolated data. Where the Extrapolation continues for a
period greater than the Output Period this may be referred to as Coasting. Any variable
parameter should normally have a maximum acceptable Coasting duration beyond
which Extrapolation should not continue.
False Target Report - A Target Report at a position of greater distance than the
expected Containment limit from the target’s true position at the time of position
measurement, or a Target Report that is spurious i.e. does not relate to any target within
the Operational Coverage Volume.
Ground station - A Receiving Unit or a Transmitting Unit or an arrangement of co-
located Receiving Unit and Transmitting Unit with all supporting infrastructure.
NOTE 1: This would include antennae; masts; communication links; power;
environmental housing; etc as appropriate to the operating requirements.
NOTE 2: In ASTERIX specifications this is sometimes referred to as a Remote
Sensor.
Identity - Operational identification consisting in either Aircraft Address A unique
combination of twenty-four bits available for assignment to an aircraft for the purpose of
air-ground communications, navigation and surveillance.
Integrity - An attribute of a system or an item indicating that it can be relied on to
perform correctly on demand. (It includes the ability of the system to inform the user in a
timely manner of any performance degradation.
NOTE: This is consistent with EUROCONTROL Surveillance Standard definition B-
3.2.
Interrogation - Generation of signals for the purpose of eliciting a transmission from
target.
Illegal ICAO 24-bit aircraft address - An address consisting of all zeros or all ones.
Multilateration System - A Multilateration System is any group of equipment
configured to provide position and identification derived from target transmitted signals
using Time Difference of Arrival.
Mode S - An SSR mode that is defined to include the concepts of selective target
addressing and of squitter.
Operational Coverage Volume - The geographic volume of interest within which the
system provides surveillance with required performance.
Output Period - Time between successive Target Reports for the same target.
Periodic Delayed Mode - The system operates a fixed time interval between
successive Target Reports for the same target. The most recent measurement is
delayed to the Output Period boundary. The Time of Applicability of the most recent
measurement is preserved. NOTE: This mode will be used where a regular time interval
between the outputs of Target Reports is required by the end user.
Periodic Predicted Mode - The system operates a fixed time interval between
successive Target Reports for the same target. The Target Report contains predicted
information based upon previous data. Time of Applicability will be set to the time the

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Target Report is created. NOTE: This mode will be used where a regular time interval
between the Time of Applicability of Target Reports is required by the end user.
Position detection - A successful decoding of a target transmission on sufficient
number of sensors to allow calculation of the position.
Predicted Position - A position obtained from an Extrapolation process when
operating in Periodic Mode such that output data generated on each Output Period is
applicable at the time of output. NOTE: If Predicted Position does not include a Position
detection made within that Output Period then that target will be considered to be
Coasting. The longer the Coasting period, then the lower the confidence in the Accuracy
of the position information.
Probability of position detection - The Probability of position detection (PD) is the
probability of generating a Target Report during the defined Update Interval where the
Target Report has derived the target position from at least one Position detection
occurring within the Update Interval.
Probability of false detection - The Probability of false detection (PFD) is the ratio
of the total number of False Target Reports to the number of all Target Reports output
by the system.
Probability of code detection - The Probability of code detection (PCD) is the
probability of outputting at least one correct and validated code (Mode A, Mode C) within
an Update Interval in which a Target Report has been output. For Mode S target, the
ratio of Target Reports with correct 24-bit aircraft address to the total number of Mode S
Target Reports. NOTE: 1. Separate probability figures will normally be applied to the
PCD of Mode A, the PCD of Mode C, and the PCD of 24-bit aircraft address. 2. For a
Mode S Target Report, the Mode A Code may be an Extrapolation [persistent data]. 3.
For a Mode S Target Report there will be a Pressure Altitude report instead of a Mode C
code.
Probability of false code detection - The Probability of False Code Detection
(PFCD) is the ratio of the number of Target Reports containing an incorrect but validated
code to the total number of Target Reports which contain a code (Mode A, pressure
altitude); For Mode S target, the ratio of the number of Target Reports containing an
incorrect 24-bit aircraft address to the total number of Mode S Target Reports. NOTE: 1.
Separate probability figures will normally be applied to the PFCD of Mode A, the PFCD
of Mode C, and the PFCD of 24-bit aircraft address. 2. For a Mode S Target Report, the
Mode A Code may be an Extrapolation [persistent data]. 3. For a Mode S Target Report
there will be an altitude report instead of a Mode C code.
Processing delay - The delay between the signal arriving at the Receiving Unit and
the time at which a Target Report is output by theSystem.
Positional Resolution - The distance between two targets below which the
surveillance system can no longer achieve specified performance.
Receiving Unit - A device capable of Detection of signals-in-space and processing
these into a form suitable for onward transmission.
Smoothing - Smoothing is the process of averaging/filtering by the system of
multiple measurements for a single target to produce consolidated output data. NOTE:
Smoothing may be used to reduce the measurement noise in Position detection. It may
also be used in circumstances of high position detection rates to limit Target Report
rates to an acceptable level.
Squitter - A spontaneous transmission generated at a pseudo random rate by a
Mode S transponder.
System Capacity - System capacity is defined as the minimum number of target that
the system must process within a specified time interval.

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 Software Assurance Level (SWAL) - A measure of assurance intended to apply to
software components that are part of an Air Navigation System (ANS), focusing only on
the ‘ground’ segment of ANS and provides a reference against which stakeholders can
assess their own practices for software specification, design, development, operation,
maintenance, evolution and decommissioning. NOTE: Assurance Level is defined in ED-
153 and are numbered SWAL1 to SWAL4 with SWAL1 being the most stringent.
Target - Any vehicle or aircraft equipped with an SSR transponder or equivalent,
which has been turned on and is functioning in compliance with its Minimum Operating
Performance Standards.
Target Report - An output of a System providing position, Identity and potentially
additional information for a target on one or more target transmission received at a
number of sensors (see also Position detection).
Time of Applicability - The time at which a measurement or Extrapolation of any
varying parameter can be considered as true within the bounds of expected error.
NOTE: Error in estimating Time of Applicability is a contribution to overall error and
should therefore be minimised by design. Processing delay beyond the point where
Time of Applicability has been applied does not contribute to error, but contributes to
Data Age.
Time of Arrival (TOA) - The Time of Arrival is the time a transmission from a target
is received at a Receiving Unit.
Track - A progressive series of Target Reports that have been associated with a
single target.
Transmitting Unit - A device capable of generating signals for the purpose of target
Interrogation in accordance with ICAO Annex 10 Volume IV for Secondary Surveillance
Radar.
Transponder - A device compliant with ICAO Annex 10 Volume IV for reception of,
and response to Interrogation from a Secondary Surveillance Radar.
Update - A renewal of Target Reports relating to all targets under surveillance.
Update Interval - The maximum permissible time interval between successive Target
Reports for the same target.
Validation - The determination that the requirements for a product are sufficiently
correct and complete.

1.5.2 Abbreviations
1090 ES 1090 MHz Extended Squitter
ACAS Airborne Collision Avoidance System
ACC Area Control Centre
ACID Aircraft Identification
ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast
AL Assurance Level
ANS Air Navigation System
ASTERIX All purpose STructured EuRocontrol surveillance Information
eXchange
A-SMGCS Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System
ATC Air Traffic Control

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ATM Air Traffic Management
ATS Air Traffic Services
BDS comm-B Data Selector
BITE Built In Test Equipment
CE Européenne (European CE mark)
CMS Control and Monitoring System
CNS Communication, Navigation and Surveillance
CP Central Processor
DF Downlink Format
EEC European Economic Community
EMC Electromagnetic compatibility
ES Extended Squitter
ETSI EN European Telecommunications Standards Institute European Norm
EU European Union
EUROCAE European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment
FOM Figure of Merit
FS Flight Status
FTC Format Type Code (ADS-B)
FL Flight level
GBS Ground Bit Status
GPS Global Positioning System
GS Ground Station
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation
IFR Instrumental Flight Rules
LVD Low Voltage Directive
MB Mode S comm.-B data
MLAT Multilateration
MOPS Minimum Operational Performance Specification
MTTR Mean Time To Repair
NM Nautical Miles
OVL Overload Indicator
PCD Probability of Code Detection
PD Probability of Position Detection
PFCD Probability of False Code Detection
PFD Probability of False Detection
RA Resolution Advisory
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square

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 RMTR Reference and Monitoring Transponder
RTCA Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics
RXU Receiving Unit
SAC The System Area Code
SIC System Identification Code
SPI Special Pulse (Position) Identification
SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar
SWAL Software Assurance Level
TDOA Time of difference of arrival
TMA Terminal Manoeuvring Area
TOA Time of Arrival
TXU Transmitting Unit
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
WAM Wide Area Multilateration
WEEE Waste electrical and electronic equipment
WGS World Geodetic System

1.6 REFERENCES

1.6.1 Relation to Other Documents

ICAO – This document considers International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
material whenever appropriate. Terminology used in this specification is consistent with
ICAO use.
 ICAO Circular 311 “Assessment of ADS-B to support Air Traffic Services and
guidelines for implementation”
 ICAO Annex 2, ICAO Annex 10 and ICAO Annex 11: including Standards and
Recommended Practices (SARPS) for the provision and use of ATS. Unless
explicitly stated, this document assumes the provision and use of ATS are
implemented in accordance with these SARPS.
EUROCAE Documents - This Technical Specification is compliant with the following
EUROCAE/RTCA documents:
 EUROCAE ED-126 / RTCA DO-303h: Safety Performance and
Interoperability Requirements for ADS-B NRA Application
 EUROCAE ED-102 / RTCA DO-260: Minimum Operational Performance
Standards for 1090 MHz Automatic Dependent Surveillance
 RTCA DO-260B: Minimum Operational Performance Standards for 1090
MHz Automatic Dependent Surveillance
 EUROCAE ED-73B / RTCA DO-181C: Minimum Operational Performance
Standards for Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System/Mode Select
(ATCRBS/Mode S) Airborne Equipment

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1.7 ICAO, EUROCONTROL, EUROCAE/RTCA REFERENCES

1.7.1 ICAO
Annex 10 — Aeronautical Telecommunications and Volume IV - Surveillance and
Collision Avoidance Systems
Annex 14 — Aerodromes
Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services
Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Air Traffic Management (PANSATM, Doc
4444)
“Air Traffic Services”, ICAO, Annex 11 to the convention on International Civil
Aviation, Thirteenth edition, July 2001
“Air Traffic Management”, ICAO, Procedures for Air Navigation Services, Document
4444, Fourteenth edition - proposal to update Amendment 4 to include ADS-B
procedures in Chapter 8 ‘Surveillance Services’.
Annex 2, Rules of the Air
Annex 10, Aeronautical Telecommunications - Volume II (Communications
Procedures including those with PANS status)
Annex 10,VOL III Amendment 80
Annex 10, VOL IV, including proposed amendment 82
Doc 8400, ABC - ICAO Abbreviations and Codes
Annex 15, Aeronautical Information Services
Annex 6, Operation of Aircraft, Part I - International Commercial Air Transport –
Aeroplanes
Circular 311 “Assessment of ADS-B to support Air Traffic Services and guidelines for
implementation“

1.7.2 Eurocontrol
EUROCONTROL Standard Document for Surveillance Data Exchange, Part 1, All
Purpose Structured Eurocontrol Surveillance Information Exchange (ARTERIX),
SUR.ET1.ST05.2000-STD-01-01
EUROCONTROL Standard Document for Surveillance Data Exchange, Part 7:
Category 010, Transmission of Monosensor Surface Movement Data,
SUR.ET.ST05.2000-STD-07-01
EUROCONTROL Standard Document for Surveillance Data Exchange, Part 18:
Category 019, Multilateration System Status Messages, SUR.ET1.ST05.2000-STD-18-
02
EUROCONTROL Standard Document for Surveillance Data Exchange, Part 14:
Category 020, Multilateration Data, SUR.ET1.ST05.2000-STD-14-02
EUROCONTROL Standard Document for Surveillance Data Exchange, Part 12:
Category 021, ADS-B Messages, SUR.ET1.ST05.2000-STD-12-01
EUROCONTROL Standard Document for Flight Data Exchange Interface Control
Document, Part 2, TCP/IP, COM.ET1.ST12-STD-01-01

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 EUROCONTROL Standard Document for Radar Surveillance in En-Route Airspace
and Major Terminal Areas, Edition 1.0 March 1997, SUR.ET1.ST01.1000-STD-01-01
EUROCONTROL Standard Document for Radar Surveillance in En-Route Airspace
and Major Terminal Areas
EUROCONTROL Standard Document for Surveillance Data Exchange Part 2b:
Category 034 Transmission of Monoradar Service Messages, SUR.ET1.ST05.2000-
STD-02b-01 Version 1.27, May 2007
EUROCONTROL Standard Document for Surveillance Data Exchange Part 16:
Category 023 CNS/ATM Ground Station Service Messages, Edition 1.2, April 2009
EUROCONTROL Standard Document for Surveillance Data Exchange Part 4:
Category 048 Transmission of Monoradar Target Reports, SUR.ET1.ST05.2000-STD-
04-01 Version 1.16, March 2009
EUROCONTROL Recommendations for ANS Software, SAF.ET1.ST03. 1000 -GUI-
01-00 (Dec 2005)

1.7.3 EUROCAE/RTCA
EUROCAE, Guidelines for Communication, Navigation, Surveillance and Air Traffic
Control (CNS/ATM) Systems Software Integrity Assurance ED-109
Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards for ADS-B, RTCA/DO-242,
February 19, 1998
Minimum Operational Performance Standards for 1090 MHz Extended Squitter ADS-
B and TIS-B, RTCA/DO-260B, 2009
Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon
System/Mode Select (ATCRBS/Mode S) Airborne Equipment, RTCA/DO-181C, June 12,
2001
Change No.1 to RTCA/DO-181C, May 17, 2002
Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards for TIS-B, RTCA/DO-286, April
10, 2003
Technical Specification for a 1090 Mhz Extended Squitter ADS-B Ground station ED-
129
EUROCAE ED-126 / RCTA DO-303h: Safety, Performance and Interoperability
Requirements Document for ADS-B NRA Application, December 2006
EUROCAE ED-78A / RTCA DO-264: Guidelines for Approval of the Provision and
Use of air Traffic Services Supported by Data Communications, March 2002.
RTCA DO-283A: Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Required
Navigation Performance for Area Navigation, October 28, 2003
EUROCAE ED-120 / RTCA DO-290: Safety and Performance Requirements for Air
Traffic Data Link Services in Continental Airspace, May 2004
EUROCAE ED-102 / RTCA DO-260: Minimum Operational Performance Standards
for 1090 MHz Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) and Traffic
Information Services (TIS-B)
RTCA DO-208: Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Airborne
Supplemental Navigation Equipment Using Global Positioning System (GPS)
RTCA DO-229C: Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Global
Positioning System/Wide Area Augmentation System Airborne Equipment

15
 RTCA DO-242A: Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards for Automatic
Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS B)
EUROCAE ED-73B / RTCA DO-181C: Minimum Operational Performance Standards
for Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System/Mode Select (ATCRBS/Mode S) Airborne
Equipment
EUROCAE ED-12B / RTCA DO-178B: Software Considerations in Airborne Systems
and Equipment Certification
EUROCAE ED-114: MOPS for Global Navigation Satellite GBAS Ground Equipment
to support Category I operations
EUROCAE ED-117: MOPS for Mode S Multilateration Systems for Use in ASMGCS

16
2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

2.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter establishes the design considerations for ADS-B systems.

 The objective of implementing ADS-B is to enhance the surveillance services
in Slovenia. In first phase the ADS-B derived data should be used only for
autonomous cross check of radar derived data and ADS-B GPS derived
data.

The ADS-B system shall output data in ASTERIX CAT021/CAT023. A filtering

functionality should also be provided in order to avoid overloading of the ARTAS tracker
with multiple identical ADS-B reports.

2.1.1 Software Design

Software design shall follow the guidelines for the assurance of software contained in
ED-109

2.1.2 Hardware Design

The system shall comply with all relevant EU regulatory standards, such as:
 Directive 2006/95/EC Electrical Equipment - Low Voltage Directive (LVD);
 Directive 2004/108/EC Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC);
 Directive 2002/96/EC Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE);
 Directive 2002/95/EC Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances
in electrical and electronic equipment;
 Directive 92/58/EC Health and safety signs and markings.
Note: Directive 2006/95/EC lays down the requirements covering all health and
safety risks of electrical equipment operating within certain voltage ranges. It replaces
previous Directive 73/23/EEC.
Note: Directive 2004/108/EC lays down requirements in order to preventing electrical
and electronic equipment from generating or being affected by electromagnetic
disturbances. It replaces Directive 89/336/EEC
The system shall be CE marked to demonstrate compliance with EU directives for
product safety.

17
2.2 ADS-B SYSTEM

2.2.1 1090 ES Ground Station Services

The 1090 ES Ground Stations shall provide ADS-B Services to client systems
connected to it via a data communications network. An ADS-B Service shall consist of
the provision of ADS-B reports per ED-126 for 1090 MHz ADS-B targets within the
service volume of Area of Interest, with data driven and periodic reporting modes. The
ADS-B Services shall include the periodic provision of Ground Station Status reports
and ASTERIX Version reports. Ground Station Status reports shall indicate to the client
system the status of the Ground Station and the characteristics of the ADS-B service
provided. ASTERIX Version reports shall indicate the message format version used for
ADS-B reports.

2.2.2 1090 ES Ground Station Modes and States

The 1090 ES Ground Station shall have various modes and states. Modes shall
generally be set by an operator, while a state is a property of the Ground Station which
the Ground Station shall typically set by itself.

2.2.2.1 1090 ES Ground Station Modes

Two modes shall be defined for the Ground Station: Operational and Maintenance.
Maintenance mode shall be used for changing the configuration of the Ground Station.
Configuration changes shall not be permitted in Operational mode.

2.2.2.2 1090 ES Ground Station States

Three states shall be defined for the 1090 ES Ground Station: Initialization, On-Line
and Failed.
The Initialization state shall be entered on power up.
The On-Line state shall be the normal operating state of the Ground Station.
The Failed state shall be entered when an error condition is detected that can affect
operational performance.
The current Ground Station state shall be reflected in status reports. Any changes in
state shall be reported immediately in an event-driven status report.
This specification does not exclude the possibility of sub-states.

2.2.2.3 Time Source States

Three states are defined with respect to UTC synchronization .These states are: Not
Coupled, UTC Coupled and Coasting.
The Not Coupled state shall indicate that the Ground Station is not synchronized to a
UTC time source.
The UTC Coupled state shall indicate that the Ground Station is synchronized to a
UTC time source.
The Coasting state shall indicate that the Ground Station is no longer synchronized
to a UTC time source but is able to maintain UTC time internally with the required

18
accuracy. When this accuracy can no longer be maintained the Time Source state shall
revert to Not Coupled.

2.2.3 Functional Requirements

The 1090 ES Ground Station shall provide at least the following functions:
 1090 ES Reception and Decoding: Reception of 1090 MHz RF and
extraction of Extended Squitter messages broadcast by ADS-B Out
transponders;
 Report Assembly: Compilation of ADS-B reports to be forwarded to third
party client ground systems (e.g. ADS-B servers, SDPD, etc.);
 UTC Time Synchronization: UTC time synchronization of the 1090 ES
Ground Station for output report time stamping;
 Ground Station Management and Status Reporting: Station management,
monitoring and control functions, and service status, including Built In Test
Equipment (BITE).

2.2.3.1 1090 ES Reception and Decoding Function

This function shall handle the reception and decoding of 1090 MHz Extended
Squitter messages transmitted over the 1090 MHz channel, including integrity checking.
It therefore shall consist of a reception and demodulation sub-function and a decoder
sub-function.
It shall be supported by one or more 1090 MHz antennas, which are designed such
that the 1090 ES Ground Station is capable of performing its intended functions.
The reception and demodulation sub-function shall be designed to receive, and
process in real time, 1090 MHz Extended Squitter RF Signals conformant to the RTCA
MOPS for 1090 MHz ES ADS-B (DO-260, DO-260A and DO-260B) and EUROCAE ED-
102 and ED-102A from airborne aircraft and ground viechles.
The decoding sub-function shall be capable of receiving and processing Extended
Squitter messages including at least the following types:
 Airborne Position;
 Aircraft Identification and Type;
 Airborne Velocity;
 Test Messages – Mode A Code;
 Aircraft Status;
 Target State and Status;
 Aircraft Operational Status.

2.2.3.2 Report Assembly Function

This function shall process the information extracted from received Extended Squitter
messages by the ADS-B Message Reception and Decoding function, and assembles
ASTERIX Category 021 reports in real time. Each report shall refer to a single target and
contains the latest information available. ASTERIX reports shall be transmitted over a
ground network to client systems.

19
 ASTERIX Category 021 reports shall include information that has to be extracted
from multiple Extended Squitter messages. The ADS-B Report Assembly function shall
perform all the necessary correlation, data age tracking and data conversion operations
which are required to assemble and translate squitter information to ASTERIX Category
021 format.
The ADS-B Report Assembly function shall be configured to produce ASTERIX
Category 021 reports either in Data Driven (Real Time) mode, or in Periodic mode.

2.2.3.3 Report Filtering Function

A filtering of duplicated identical reports from different ADS-B ground stations should
be provided in order to avoid overloading of the multisensor trackers.

2.2.3.4 UTC Time Synchronisation Function

The 1090 ES Ground Station shall ensure autonomous, reliable and accurate UTC
time stamping of the generated ASTERIX reports. For this purpose the 1090 ES Ground
Station should include a sufficiently reliable and accurate UTC time reference source, or
alternatively it should be able to interface to an external standard UTC time source of
equivalent quality. The internal or external time source shall supply all the data
necessary for the establishment of the UTC times of reception of position and velocity
information.

2.2.3.5 Ground Station Management and Status Reporting Function

The 1090 ES Ground Station shall operate unattended and autonomously. It shall
provide a monitoring, maintenance and control function allowing an operator to:
 Monitor the Ground Station status, and the status of each subsystem and
service, including BITE and end-to-end system checks;
 Perform maintenance, configuration, and control actions, including changes
of mode for the Ground Station.
The 1090 ES Ground Station shall provide protection against unauthorized access to
the system maintenance and control functions.

Status Reports
The 1090 ES Ground Station shall include a status reporting function, which reports
the status of the Ground Station and its services to client systems over a ground
network. These status reports shall use the ASTERIX Category 023 message format.
Status reports shall be generated periodically, with a configurable reporting period.
Reports shall also be generated immediately following any change in the status of a
1090 ES Ground Station function or subsystem.

BITE Function
The 1090 ES Ground Station shall include a Built In Test Equipment (BITE)
capability, such that there is a continuous monitoring of the operating status of the

20
equipment, which is achieved by the monitoring and analysis of critical system
parameters at all relevant system levels.
The 1090 ES Ground Station BITE shall be able to detect faults affecting the
performance of the Ground Station. BITE should register the faulty equipment locally at
the system and notify the monitoring, logging, and control subsystems accordingly.
The BITE tests include an end-to-end system check including the RF input to the
antenna.
This check may make use of a Site Monitor, which is an external 1090 ES ADS-B
emitter, allowing an overall integrity check of the system including the antenna.
The 1090 ES Ground Station shall execute BITE tests both at start-up and
periodically. The tests should be summarized in the form of an overall BITE status signal
to be used for failure indications to the operator and to client systems.

2.2.4 Additional Requirements

2.2.4.1 Power Supply

The power supply requirements vary depending upon site location.
The 1090 ES Ground Station shall operate from the following power supply:
 A 230V ± 10% AC power supply with a nominal frequency of 50 Hz ± 2Hz.
Option: Use of UPS may be considered as a backup solution for the 1090 ES
Ground Station.

2.2.4.2 Coverage requirement

Since Slovenia Control L.t.d. might put ADS-B antenna on existing TV Tower where
there might be screening - shielding problems (as presented on Picture 1). The bidder
shall propose solution that will alleviate screening issues and therefore guarantee 360
degrees coverage.

21
Picture 1

22
3 MINIMUM PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The requirements specified in this chapter are the minimum surveillance

performance specifications for ADS-B systems to support GPS derived data to radar
derived data comparison. In future it should be capable to support both
3. NM separation
5. NM separation.

ADS-B system defined in this chapter shall provide:

 The same or better surveillance data as Mode S radar;
 Equivalent or better Integrity, Continuity and Availability to that provided by
Mode S radar.

The requirements shall be met in standard operational conditions.

3.2 ADS-B SYSTEM

3.2.1 Coverage and Detection

The ADS-B system shall cover the whole Area of Interest (AOI) of the Ljubljana FIR
airspace, defined as the geographical volume in which is required provision of
surveillance service. For the purpose of ADS-B ground based surveillance a sufficient
detection range, location and number of ADS-B Ground Stations shall be provided in
order to guarantee the required level of Probability of detection. Since the detection
range of each 1090 ES Ground Station depends on the FRUIT environment and on the
Ground Station’s receiver configuration (single or multiple receivers), sensitivity, antenna
type(s) a proper location of the Ground Station sites shall be chosen.

3.2.2 System Capacity

3.2.2.1 Overall Capacity

The ADS-B ground surveillance system shall have the capacity to handle the reports
from the maximum load of aircraft in the Area of Interest. Consequently the 1090 ES
Ground Station shall have the capacity to:
a) Simultaneously process 1090 MHz ADS-B messages from at least 300 individual
airborne targets, transmitting such messages at the standard rates defined in DO-260/B,
and

23
 b) Output corresponding ASTERIX Category 021 reports at a maximum event driven
rate of four ASTERIX Category 021 reports per target per second, unless constrained by
Ground Station configuration, while meeting the latency requirements.
c) System shall be capable to feed data into ARTAS V7 and V8.1 with onward
versions of ATC Tracker, which it shall be then processed without any problems by this
Tracker.

3.2.2.2 Target Overloads

An overload mechanism shall be provided to detect when the number of targets
exceeds a configurable capacity threshold. When the threshold is exceeded the 1090
ES Ground Station shall set the ODP bit in item I023/100 of ASTERIX Category 023
Ground Station Status reports.

3.2.2.3 Communications Overloads

The 1090 ES Ground Station shall include the capability to detect communications1
overloads. When such an overload is detected, the 1090 ES Ground Station shall set
the OXT bit in item I023/100 of ASTERIX Category 023 Ground Station Status reports.

3.2.3 System Latency

The maximum latency from the time of receipt of a 1090 ES message sent by the
transponder on board an aircraft to the output of the corresponding ASTERIX Category
021 report shall be 0.5 seconds for all targets within the service volume and for all data-
driven ASTERIX Category 021 reports.

3.2.4 Continuity
The system shall perform its required function without unscheduled interruption.

3.2.5 Integrity
The 1090 ES Ground Station Software Assurance Level shall be equivalent to at
least ED-109 level AL4. The decoder undetected message error rate shall be better than
1 in 105 messages.

3.2.6 Accuracy

3.2.6.1 Time of Applicability Accuracy

Time of Applicability shall be output only when the T bit is set to 1 in the incoming
1090 ES position messages. The Time of Applicability for Position output by the 1090
ES Ground Station in ASTERIX Category 021 reports shall have an absolute accuracy
relative to UTC of ±0.2 seconds or less.

24
3.2.6.2 Time of Message Reception Accuracy
The absolute accuracy of the Time of Message Reception items for position and
velocity relative to UTC shall be ±25 milliseconds or less. The 1090 ES Ground Station
shall be able to maintain this level of accuracy in the coasting state for at least 30
minutes.

3.2.6.3 Data Accuracy

Position, velocity, altitude and other data shall be reported as received from the
aircraft without loss of accuracy, when allowed by the ASTERIX Category 021 format.
Where an ASTERIX report field has a different resolution from the corresponding data
field in a 1090 ES ADS-B message, the value included in the ASTERIX report shall be of
no greater resolution than the value received from the aircraft.

3.2.7 Availability
The availability is considered to be a part of reliability, and is defined as the
probability that a system will perform its required function at the initiation of the intended
operation.
Availability is quantified as the ratio of the time the system is actually available to the
time the system is planned to be available:

Availability = MTBF/( MTBF+ MTTR)

MTBF: Mean Time Between Failure

MTTR: Mean Time To Repair

The 1090 ES Ground Station shall achieve an Availability of 99.99%.

3.2.8 Equipment Control and Status

3.2.8.1 General
The 1090 ES Ground Station system shall provide an external control and monitoring
interface utilizing the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
The supplier of the ADS-B system shall provide the Management Information Base
(MIB), used to locate data within the ADS-B system.
The 1090 ES Ground Station shall be polled for its monitoring data using Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
Polling shall form part of an ADS-B Ground Station health check mechanism, which
is performed by a connected central Control & Monitoring system.
The 1090 ES Ground Station system shall provide the following information via
SNMP protocol:
 1090 ES Ground Station Modes;
 1090 ES Ground Station States.

25
3.2.8.2 Monitoring Functions (Local & Remote)

The state of the following functions shall be made available for monitoring to the
SNMP interface:
 Status Reporting;
 Buffer Overflows;
 Processor Overloads;
 Target Overloads;
 Communications Overload;
 Communications Loss;
 Time Synchronization;
 Temperature Range;
 End to End System Test.

3.2.8.3 Control Functions

It shall be possible to command the 1090 ES Ground Station between all available
operating modes from the SNMP interface via multiple channels.
It shall be possible to modify all configurable 1090 ES Ground Station parameters via
the control and monitoring interface.
It shall be possible to install the 1090 ES Ground Station software via the control
interface.
It shall be possible to save and restore configurable parameters of the 1090 ES
Ground Station to and from external electronic media.
The settings of all configuration parameters shall be preserved during power
interruption or restart of the Ground Station.

3.2.8.4 Security
The 1090 ES Ground Station shall allow a change of mode to be commanded by
authorized users only.
The 1090 ES Ground Station shall permit a change of configuration to be
commanded by authorized users only.

3.2.8.5 Data Logging

The 1090 ES Ground Station shall have the capability to log: user access activity, all
warnings and changes of state or mode and the control instructions with provided
timestamp.
The 1090 ES Ground Station shall include the functionality to save log files to an
external storage device.

26
 The 1090 ES Ground Station shall have the capability to retain log files in the event
of loss of power.

3.2.9 Message Processing and Report Assembly

The Ground Station shall decide when to send an ASTERIX report, what data items
to include in the report and how to generate the data items in the report from the
received Extended Squitter messages. These decisions are described in the following
sections on report triggering, data item inclusion, and target version determination and
report assembly.

3.2.9.1 General Message Processing Requirements

1090 ES Ground Station Time States

The Ground Station shall be in one of the three states with respect to UTC time:
 Not Coupled;
 UTC Coupled;
 Coasting.
ASTERIX Category 023 Ground Station Status and Service Status shall be produced
in all time source states.

Message Type Filtering

The 1090 ES Ground Station shall process ADS-B 1090 MHz Extended Squitter
messages defined in DO-260B.
As an option, the 1090 ES Ground Station may process non-ADS-B Mode S
messages, TIS-B messages, surface target messages or other message types.

Extended Squitter Version Processing

The 1090 ES Ground Station shall process Extended Squitter messages using the
formats described in DO-260B.

Duplicate Mode S Address Processing

At a minimum, the 1090 ES Ground Station shall be able to produce separate
ASTERIX Category 021 reports for at least two targets with the same Mode S address.
Targets with duplicate addresses shall meet the requirements for target acquisition,
maintenance and termination. ASTERIX Category 021 reports for targets with duplicate
addresses shall be transmitted as dictated by selected reporting mode (i.e. data-driven
or periodic).

3.2.9.2 Report Triggering

Report Types

27
 At a minimum, the 1090 ES Ground Station shall be able to process received
Extended Squitter messages and generate for transmission to client systems the report
types with the indicated ASTERIX format and transmission mode, containing the data
items specified in this document.
Note: Manufacturers may choose to support additional data items provided they can
be turned off in the Ground Station configuration.

The transmitted reports shall contain valid and unambiguous information obtained
from the received Extended Squitter messages and compiled in accordance with the
report assembly requirements.
At a minimum, the 1090 ES Ground Station shall support transmission of ASTERIX
Category 021, 023, and 247 reports over UDP/IP/Ethernet with a configurable IP
address.
The 1090 ES Ground Station shall be able to support transmission using IP
Multicast.
Note: 1090 ES Ground Station manufacturers may choose to support additional
protocols and interface types, for example TCP for ASTERIX Category 023.

Data Driven Transmission Mode

ASTERIX Category 021 Data Driven Reports
In this mode, the 1090 ES Ground Station shall generate and transmit an ASTERIX
Category 021 report containing state vector information after every successful decoding
(per ED-102 / DO-260, DO-260A and DO-260B, and including track (re)-initialization
whenever required) of a Position or Velocity squitter.
3.10.2.2.2 ASTERIX Category 023 Event Driven Reports
The 1090 ES Ground Station shall be able to transmit a Ground Station Status report
in ASTERIX Category 023 format whenever a change is detected in the Ground Station
status.
The 1090 ES Ground Station shall be able to transmit a Service Status report in
ASTERIX Category 023 format whenever a change is detected in the status of a service.

Periodic Transmission Mode

ASTERIX Category 021 Periodic Reports
The 1090 ES Ground Station shall periodically transmit an ASTERIX Category 021
state vector report with a period of x seconds, where x shall be configurable at a
minimum within the range 0.5 to 15 seconds with 0.5 second increments.
Periodic State Vector reports shall be transmitted only when the following condition
applies: Position information has been updated at least once (through the reception of
one or more new position squitter messages with FTC ≠ 0) since the transmission of the
previous periodic state vector report.
When in periodic transmission mode, the 1090 ES Ground Station shall nevertheless
transmit a Data Driven Position State Vector report whenever either the
Emergency/Priority Status or Surveillance Status value changes for any target that has
been fully acquired. Such reports shall always include the latest position and other
available data.

28
 ASTERIX Category 023 Periodic Reports
ASTERIX Category 023 Ground Station Status and Service Status reports shall also
be transmitted in periodic mode, each with an independently configurable period.

Target Acquisition
The acquisition phase shall begins with the first message received from a target, or
with the first message received from a target after all previously received position data
has expired. By default, the 1090 ES Ground Station shall not output ASTERIX Category
021 reports for targets that are in the acquisition phase, and are therefore not yet
validated.

3.2.9.3 Data Item Inclusion

State Vector Reports

These reports shall be produced in Periodic and Data Driven Transmission mode in
accordance with the configuration of the surveillance data service on the 1090 ES
Ground Station.
The 1090 ES Ground Stations shall provide multiple services with different
characteristics to different user groups.
State Vector reports shall be produced in ASTERIX Category 021 Version 1.4 format.
Optionally Version 0.23 format may also be supported (configurable).
State Vector reports shall contain the fields specified for periodic reports or for data
driven reports.

Data Driven State Vector Reports

In data driven mode, State Vector reports shall be of two types, namely position and
velocity.
Data Driven Position Reports
Data driven position reports shall be issued on the reception of a new position
squitter (after track initialization)

Data Driven Velocity Reports

Data driven velocity reports shall be issued on the reception of a new velocity squitter
provided at least one position report has been transmitted for the target since its last
track (re)initialization.
Data-driven velocity reports shall not be issued for targets with duplicate addresses.

Status Reports
The 1090 ES Ground Station shall report the status of the system and its
components through the use of ASTERIX Category 023 reports.
This document specifies three types of status reports (Ground Station Status,
Service Status and Service Statistics). The 1090 ES Ground Station shall be able to
generate at least Ground Station Status and Service Status reports.

29
 Status reports shall be transmitted periodically with a period of x seconds, where x
shall be configurable from 1 to 127 seconds in one-second increments.
Additionally the 1090 ES Ground Station shall transmit status reports in event driven
mode, whenever a change occurs in the Ground Station status or configuration data
items.

ASTERIX Version Reports

The ASTERIX Category 021 and 023 versions currently used by the 1090 ES Ground
Station shall be indicated in the reports.
The 1090 ES Ground Stations shall support multiple service capability and different
ASTERIX Category 021 and 023 versions per service. In that case a separate version
report shall be issued for each service.

Data Validity Periods

Data items extracted from ADS-B messages shall be included in ASTERIX target
reports for a time period that does not exceed a value dependent on the data item and
which may be configured differently per Ground Station Service. If the validity time of a
data item has been exceeded, the data item shall not be included in a report.
These validity periods must be set taking into account the requirements of the ADS-B
applications supported ARTAS Tracker.

3.2.9.4 ASTERIX Category 021 Report Assembly

The report assembly for ASTERIX Category 021 Edition 1.4 shall be in accordance
with the Eurocontrol ASTERIX standard.

3.2.9.5 ASTERIX Category 021 Edition 0.23 Report Assembly

The report assembly for ASTERIX Category 021 Edition 0.23 shall be in accordance
with Eurocontrol ASTERIX standard.

3.2.10 Receiver Characteristics

3.2.10.1 Receiver Sensitivity

Valid 1090 ES ADS-B Messages with a carrier frequency between 1089 and 1091
MHz applied directly to the connector at the 1090 ES Ground Station Receiver at a level
of -88 dBm shall produce a Successful Message Reception (SMR) rate of 90% or better.
Valid 1090 ES ADS-B Messages with a carrier frequency between 1089 and 1091
MHz applied directly to the connector at the 1090 ES Ground Station Receiver at a level
of –91 dBm shall produce a rate of Successful Message Reception of 15% or better at
ambient temperature conditions.
NOTE: The receiver sensitivity requirements apply for valid 1090 ES ADS-B
Message signals that comply with the pulse shape and pulse location requirements
specified in EUROCAE ED-73, Sensitivity requirements apply in the absence of
interference and overloads.

30
3.2.10.2 Receiver Desired Signal Dynamic Range
In the absence of interference or overloads, the 1090 ES Ground Station shall
achieve a Successful Message Reception (SMR) rate of 99% or better when the desired
signal level applied directly to the connector at the 1090 ES Ground Station Receiver is
between -85 dBm and -10 dBm.

31
4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

ADS-B ground station defined in ED-129, shares similar system elements with
telecommunications equipment and as such the ETSI EN 300 019 series of
environmental testing specifications were chosen as appropriate standards to define the
required environmental testing.

ADS-B systems shall meet all of the performance requirements specified within this
document,

4.2 STORAGE

ADS-B systems equipment, including packaging, shall be capable of storage at weather-

protected, partially temperature controlled locations.

4.3 TRANSPORT

ADS-B system equipment, including packaging, shall be capable of careful

transportation.

4.4 OUTDOOR USE

ADS-B system equipment installed at outdoor locations shall be capable of use at non-
weather protected environments.
ADS-B systems equipment is to be used in locations subject to extremes of heat or cold
so it is recommended that the most stringent of the following class is applied: Non-
weather protected – extended (extreme Europe)

4.5 EUROPEAN LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS

The system shall comply with all current EU regulatory standards including:

 Certificate of Interoperability according to Regulation (EC) No 552/2004 (DoC)

of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 March 2004 on the
interoperability of the European Air Traffic Management network

32

EC Regulation No 552/2004, the interoperability Regulation, Article 5 and Annex III
(3) as amended by EC Regulation No 1070/2009

Any additional document that might later be required by Slovenian CAA with regard
to issue operational permit for the ADS-B Ground station system

33
5 INSTALLATION, TRAINING, WARRANTY

5.1 INSTALLATION

System shall be installed on TV or small mobile phone operator like tower. It should
be contained in a container that could be attached to a Tower without jeopardising static
or dynamic loads of the tower.
System shall be capable to withstand without affecting its operational capability
extreme weather condition and temperatures extending from -30 degrees up to 40
degrees Celsius.
Installation of outdoor unit including ADS-B antenna shall take no more than 2 hours.
Installation of equipment shall be conducted by Slovenia Control technical staff,
supervised by Expert from manufacturer side. Expected length of cables from antenna
to communication room is around 60 m.

5.2 TRAINING

Training of Slovenia Control technical staff shall cover theoretical and practical part.
Theoretical part should cover basics of Mode S, Transponder, and GPS operation, as
well as detailed analysis of items that are transmitted via ES, and detailed theory of
operation of ADS-B unit
Practical part of training shall include installation procedures, fault finding procedure,
removal and replacement, and periodic maintenance procedures
Syllabus of training program shall be submitted to Slovenia Control prior to training.
Slovenia Control has the right to request modification of such program. Such
modifications shall be respected by the Contractor without any additional payment.
Slovenia Control shall confirm submitted program in writing.
After completion of the training the Contractor shall evaluate whether personnel of
the Slovenia Control acquired knowledge from the program and issue an certificate on
acquired knowledge correspond level C according to “Guidelines for a Common
System/Equipment Rating Training for Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel'' LEVEL C
regarded EC Guidelines for ATSEP and ESARRs regulatory.

5.3 WARRANTY

The Contractor shall guarantee the faultless technical operation of the system within the
warranty period. The warranty period for the system and all components of the system
should be at least 36 months.

34
6 APPENDIX A ASTERIX CAT 021/023

The following tables provides for a full overview of Cat021 data items and mapping to
the required ADS-B reports.

Table 1: ASTERIX Category 021 v1.4 Periodic or Data Driven Position Report:
Minimum Items

Item Content Notes

I021/010 Data Source 1090 ES Ground Station SIC 1090 ES GS configuration

Identification and SAC

I021/040 Target Report Type and characteristics of

Descriptor data transmitted

I021/071 Time of Time of applicability of the

Applicability for Position received position
OR I021/073 Time of (measurement by the
Message Reception of aircraft) or time of ES
Position message reception at the
Ground Station

I021/080 Target Address Target identifier as specified 24 bit ICAO address as

in the Extended Squitter specified in the Position
messages squitter

I021/090 Quality ADS-B quality indicators

Indicators transmitted by aircraft
according to MOPS version

I021/130 WGS-84 Position in WGS-84 Latest Position squitter

Position Coordinates and previous track
information [note 1]

I021/145 Flight Level Flight Level from barometric Latest Position squitter
measurements, not QNH [note 2]
corrected

I021/170 Target Target (aircraft or vehicle) Latest Identification

Identification identification in 8 characters squitter

I021/200 Target Status Status of the target

I021/210 MOPS Version Identification of MOPS Link Technology Type = 2

version used by aircraft to for 1090 ES
supply ADS-B information
and link technology

Notes:

35
 1. State Vector report shall not be transmitted if no new position squitter has been
received since the previous State Vector report.
2. This information shall be included only if it represents new information since the
previous State Vector report.

Table 2: ASTERIX Category 021 v1.4 Periodic or Data Driven Position Report:
Optional Items

Item Content Notes

I021/008 Aircraft Identification of the Latest Aircraft Status

operational status operational services squitter
available in the aircraft while
airborne

I021/015 Service Identification of the service 1090 ES GS configuration

Identifier offered to the receivers of
this report [note 1]

I021/016 Service Identification of services 1090 ES GS configuration

Management offered by the 1090 ES
Ground Station

I021/020 Emitter Characteristics of the Latest Identification

Category originating ADS-B unit squitter

I021/070 Mode 3/A Mode-3/A code converted Latest Test squitter

Code into octal representation

I021/074 Time of Fractional second time of May be included only if

Message Reception of receipt of the latest position I021/071 or I021/073 is
Position – High squitter with 2-30 second (~1 included (required for
Precision ns) resolution whole second reference)

I021/075 Time of Time of receipt of the latest 1090 ES GS UTC clock

Message Reception of velocity squitter with 1/128th
Velocity second resolution

I021/076 Time of Fractional second time of May be included only

Message Reception of receipt of the latest velocity when I021/075 is included
Velocity – High squitter with 2-30 second (~1
Precision ns) resolution

I021/077 Time of Report Time of transmission of the 1090 ES GS UTC clock

Transmission ASTERIX report

I021/132 Message Amplitude, in dBm, of latest 1090 ES GS

Amplitude ADS-B report received at the measurement
Ground Station

I021/140 Geometric Minimum altitude from a Latest Position squitter

Altitude plane tangent to the earth’s [note 2]

36
 ellipsoid, defined by WGS-84

I021/146 Intermediate The short-term vertical intent Latest Target State

State Selected Altitude as described by either the squitter [note 2]
FMS selected altitude, the
Altitude Control Panel
Selected Altitude, or the
current aircraft altitude
according to the aircraft's
mode of flight

I021/150 Air Speed Calculated Air Speed Latest velocity squitter

[note 2]

I021/151 True Air Speed True Air Speed Latest velocity squitter
[note 2]

I021/152 Magnetic Magnetic Heading Latest velocity squitter

Heading [note 2]

I021/155 Barometric Barometric Vertical Rate Latest velocity squitter

Vertical Rate [note 2]

I021/157 Geometric Geometric Vertical Rate Latest velocity squitter

Vertical Rate [note 2]

I021/160 Ground Vector Ground Speed and Track Latest velocity squitter
Angle [note 2]

Notes:
1. A 1090 ES Ground Station may support multiple services with different
characteristics (for example different volumes of coverage or different reporting
periods).
2. This information shall be included only if it represents new information since the
previous State Vector report.

Table 3: ASTERIX Category 021 v0.23 Periodic or Data Driven Position Report:
Minimum Items

Item Content Notes

I021/010 Data Source 1090 ES Ground Station SIC 1090 ES GS configuration

Identification and SAC

I021/030 Time of Day Time of Applicability of the Latest Position squitter

reported position [note 1]

I021/040 Target Report Type and characteristics of

Descriptor data transmitted

37
 I021/080 Target Address Target identifier 24 bit ICAO address

I021/090 Figure of Merit ADS Figure of Merit (FOM)

provided by the aircraft
avionics

I021/130 WGS-84 Position in WGS-84 Co- Latest Position squitter

Position ordinates and previous track
information [note 1]

I021/145 Flight Level Flight Level from barometric Latest Position squitter
measurements, not QNH
corrected

I021/170 Target Target (aircraft or vehicle) Latest Identification

Identification identification in 8 characters squitter
(if available)

I021/200 Target Status Status of the target Latest Position, Target

State, and Aircraft Status
squitters

I021/210 Link Link Technology used Link Technology Type = 2

Technology Indicator for 1090 ES

Note:
1. State Vector report shall not be transmitted if no new position squitter has been
received since the previous State Vector report.

Table 4: ASTERIX Category 021 v0.23 Periodic or Data Driven Position Report:
Optional Items

Item Content Notes

I021/020 Emitter Characteristics of the Latest identification

Category originating ADS-B unit squitter

I021/095 Velocity Velocity uncertainty category Latest velocity squitter

Accuracy of the least accurate velocity [note 1]
component

I021/140 Geometric Minimum altitude from a Latest Position squitter

Altitude plane tangent to the earth’s [note 1]
ellipsoid, defined by WGS-84

I021/146 Intermediate The short-term vertical intent Latest Target State

State Selected Altitude as described by either the squitter [note 1]
FMS selected altitude, the
Altitude Control Panel
Selected Altitude, or the
current aircraft altitude

38
 according to the aircraft's
mode of flight

I021/150 Air Speed Calculated Air Speed Latest Velocity Squitter

[note 1]

I021/151 True Air Speed True Air Speed Latest Velocity Squitter
[note 1]

I021/152 Magnetic Magnetic Heading Latest Velocity Squitter

Heading [note 1]

I021/155 Barometric Barometric Vertical Rate Latest Velocity Squitter

Vertical Rate [note 1]

I021/157 Geometric Geometric Vertical Rate Latest Velocity Squitter

Vertical Rate [note 1]

I021/160 Ground Vector Ground Speed and Track Latest Velocity Squitter
Angle [note 1]

Note:
1. This information shall be included only if it represents new information since the
previous State Vector report.

Table 5: ASTERIX Category 021 v1.4 Data Driven Velocity Report: Minimum Items

Item Content Notes

I021/010 Data Source 1090 ES Ground Station SIC Set by 1090 ES GS

Identification and SAC configuration

I021/077 Time of Report Time of transmission of the 1090 ES GS UTC clock

Transmission ASTERIX report message

I021/040 Target Report Type and characteristics of

Descriptor data transmitted

I021/075 Time of Time at which the velocity

Message Reception of information was received by
Velocity the Ground Station

I021/080 Target Address Target identifier as specified 24 bit ICAO address as

in the Extended Squitter specified in the position
messages squitter

I021/090 Quality Navigation accuracy Value equal to the

39
Indicators category for velocity set in
the primary subfield of
I021/090, bits 6 to 8. Only the
primary subfield shall be
included, and bits 2 to 5 shall
be set to zero
I021/150 Air speed OR Target velocity as reported in
I021/151 True Air speed the squitter
OR I021/160 Ground
Vector
I021/170 Target Target (aircraft or vehicle)
Identification identification in 8 characters
I021/200 Target Status Status of the target
I021/210 MOPS Version Identification of MOPS
version used by a/c to supply
ADS-B information and link
technology
Table 6: ASTERIX Category 021 v0.23 Data Driven Velocity Report: Minimum Items
Item Content
I021/010 Data Source 1090 ES Ground Station SIC
Identification and SAC
I021/030 Time of Day Time of applicability of the
reported velocity
I021/040 Target Report Type and characteristics of
Descriptor data transmitted
I021/080 Target Address Target identifier
I021/095 Velocity Velocity uncertainty category
Accuracy encoded per the NACv
provisions in DO-242A,
section 2.1.2.14 and
Appendix R
I021/150 Airspeed OR Target velocity as reported in
I021/151 True Airspeed the squitter
OR I021/160 Ground
Vector
Navigation Uncertainty
Category (NUCr) or
Navigation Accuracy
Category for Velocity
(NACv) as reported in the
velocity squitter
Reporting of airspeeds
may be disabled as a
Ground Station
configuration option
Latest identification
squitter
Link Technology Type = 2
for 1090 ES
Notes
Set by 1090 GS
configuration
Time of message
reception of the velocity
squitter
24 bit ICAO address
specified in the velocity
squitter
Equal to the Navigation
Uncertainty Category
(NUCr) or Navigation
Accuracy Category for
Velocity (NACv) as
reported in the velocity
squitter
Reporting of airspeeds
may be disabled as a
Ground Station
configuration option
40
I021/170 Target Target (aircraft or vehicle) Latest received
Identification identification in 8 characters Identification squitter
(if available)

I021/200 Target Status Status of the target

I021/210 Link Link Technology used Link Technology Type = 2

Technology for 1090 ES

Table 7: 1090 ES Ground Station Status Report: Minimum items

Item Content Notes

I023/000 Message Type 1 (= Ground Station Status Fixed

Report)

I023/010 Data Source 1090 ES Ground Station Set by 1090 ES GS

Identifier SAC and SIC configuration

I023/070 Time of Day UTC time stamp From the 1090 ES GS

corresponding to the time of UTC time source
transmission of the report

I023/100 Ground Station Status of the monitoring 1090 ES GS monitoring

Status system and time source outputs

Table 8: Service Status Report: Minimum items

Item Content Notes

I023/000 Message Type 2 (= Service Status Report) Fixed

I023/010 Data Source 1090 ES Ground Station Set by 1090 ES GS

Identifier SAC and SIC configuration

I023/070 Time of Day UTC time stamp From the 1090 ES GS

corresponding to the time of UTC time source
transmission of the report

I023/101 Service Service configuration settings Service class and report

Configuration periods

I023/110 Service Status Status of this Service

41
 Table 9: Summary of ASTERIX Category 021 Edition 0.23 Data Items

Data Supported by
Description Notes
Item No. Ground Station?

I021/010 Data Source Identification Yes

(SAC/SIC)

I021/020 Emitter Category Yes

I021/030 Time of Day (TOA) Yes

I021/032 Time of Day Accuracy No Not required

I021/040 Target Report Descriptor Yes

I021/080 Target Address Yes

I021/090 Figure of Merit Yes

I021/095 Velocity Accuracy Yes

I021/110 Trajectory Intent No Never

implemented in
the field

I021/130 Position in WGS-84 co- Yes

ordinates

I021/140 Geometric Altitude Yes

I021/145 Flight Level Yes

I021/146 Intermediate State Selected Yes

Altitude

I021/148 Final State Selected Altitude No No data available

in 1090 ES

I021/150 Air Speed Yes

I021/151 True Air Speed Yes

I021/152 Magnetic Heading Yes

I021/155 Barometric Vertical Rate Yes

I021/157 Geometric Vertical Rate Yes

I021/160 Ground Vector Yes

I021/165 Rate of Turn No Never

implemented in
1090 ES

42
I021/170 Target Identification Yes

I021/200 Target Status Yes

I021/210 Link Technology Indicator Yes

I021/220 Met Report No No support in DO-

260/260A

I021/230 Roll Angle No DO-260 only

43