Manual de Ingles Mecanico 1 Primavera 2019

Mecánica
y
Electromovilidad
INGLES MECANICA I
ENME 01 WORKBOOK
Primavera 2019
Page 1 ESCUELA DE MECANICA Y ELECTROMOVILIDAD – INACAP RENCA

SECTION 1: Entry Test
A. What are these?
B. Are these true or false? Correct the false sentences.

Example: (a) FALSE – The screwdriver is on the shelf.

C. Match an expression in column A with one in column B.
A B
Often annually
Every two weeks weekly
Hardly ever frequently
Once a year once a day
Every week rarely
On a daily basis fornightly
D. Match the words with the numbers:

Width ______
Diameter ____
Height _____
Volumen ____
Thickness____
Area_____
Length _____
Depth _____
E. Complete this: Example : (a) length________long
(a) Length___________
(b) Width ___________
(c) Height __________
(d) Depth __________
(e) Thickness_______

F. Label the following illustration. There are fourteen items.
Rear suspension
Brake fluid reservoir
Radiator
Alternator
Oil dipstick
Sealed beam headlight
Power steering reservoir
Fuel Injection
Disc brake
Air cleaner
Battery
Front suspension
Muffler (or undercarriage)
Rear axle
G. Put these headings in the corresponding boxes.
ADJECTIVE COLLEGE SUBJECT EQUIPMENT PERSON
SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT
NOUN
A. B. C. D. E.
1 Engineer engine engineering

2 electrician electricity electrical
3 electronics electron electronic
4 mechanic mechanism mechanics mechanical
5 technician technical
6 technologist technology
H. Fill in the gaps.

1. The _______________________is responsible for every ______________________ in the
factory. (engineering / engineer / engine).
2. I’m a ______________________ but I want to become a ______________________ engineer.
(mechanical / mechanic / mechanics).
3. The lab ______________________ maintains all the ______________________ equipment.
( technician / technical / technology)

I. Look at this picture and write the words in Spanish.
Blinker ____________________ Headlight ____________________

Brake ____________________ Accelerator, gas ____________________
Brake light ____________________ Hubcap ____________________
Floor mat ____________________ Dipstick ____________________
Engine; motor ____________________ Muffler ____________________
Gas can ____________________ Clutch ____________________
Horn ____________________ Steering wheel ____________________
Jumper cables ____________________ Motor oil ____________________
License plate ____________________ Bumper ____________________
Odometer ____________________ Speedometer ____________________
Seat ____________________ Battery ____________________
Seat belt ____________________ Buckle ____________________
Shock absorber ____________________ Rear view mirror ____________________
Spark plug ____________________ Exhaust pipe ____________________
Stick shift, gear shift ____________________ Fuel gauge ____________________
Tread ____________________ Hood ____________________
Trunk ____________________ Tire ____________________
Windshield ____________________ Windshield wiper ____________________

SECTION 2 : Tools, equipment and car parts.
1.1.3.- Categoriza palabras ya sea en

1.1.- Practica estrategias de inglés general o en inglés de la
comprensión de lectura de especialidad, a partir del significado de las
manual de la especialidad en palabras buscadas.
lengua materna, en base a la
utilización de herramientas de
obtención de significados de
palabras, compartiendo la
información con sus pares en el
grupo. Las funciones de: sustantivos (dan nombre a las cosas y llenan
la colocación "el..." o "la...."); verbos (indican las acciones);
adjetivos (describen cómo son las cosas o sustantivos y se
obtienen al preguntar ¿cómo es?... algo en el texto o ¿cómo
son?... algunas cosas en el texto; adverbios (describen cómo
se realiza la acción expresada en el verbo)
Types of Nouns: draw this word map giving a technical word of each type.
Now replace each rectangle with a mechanic term.

Common Noun
Used to name things in general, i.e. distributor, pan, pump, gasket,
bolt, washer.
Camshaft pulley ____________________ Intake manifold ____________________
Cylinder head ____________________ Rubber grommets ____________________
Distributor O´ring ____________________ Oil pan ____________________
Drain bolt crush … ____________________ Cylinder head ____________________
washer ____________________ cover gasket ____________________
Exhaust manifold ____________________ Oil filter ____________________
Exhaust manifold ____________________ Water pump gasket ____________________
gasket ____________________ ____________________
Oil pan gasket ____________________ Engine block ____________________
Timing belt drive ____________________ Intake manifold ____________________
pulley ____________________ gasket ____________________

Proper Noun
Used to name a specific (or individual ) thing or place. For example:
Countable noun
Have a singular and plural form and can be used with a number or a/an before it. They are
sometimes called Count Nounts. For example: antenna, hood, hubcaps,headlight.
Antenna ___________
Roof ___________
Windshield ___________
Hood ___________
Headlight ___________
Tires ___________
Hubcaps ___________
Brake ___________
Light
Trunk ___________
Handle ___________
Window ___________

Uncountable noun
cannot be counted. They often refer to substances, liquids, and abstract ideas. They
are sometimes called mass nouns. For example: fuel
Concrete noun Abstract noun

Refer to things that exist physically Have no physical existence. They
and that at least one of the senses refer to ideas, emotions, and
can detect. Example: engine concepts you cannot see, touch,
hear, smell or taste. Example:
engineering

Exercise 1 Determiners & Pronouns
Choose the correct option from the chart to complete the paragraph.
When sensors fail, 1)_________ limit the electronic engine control module’s (ECM) ability to control fuel mixture
and spark timing. 2) _______ lean fuel mixture (short injector pulse width) causes combustion temperatures to
increase. Early spark timing can cause detonation (pinging). 3)_____________ conditions can be caused by 4) ____
ECM malfunction anywhere in the network. 5) ___________ is why your ECM should be checked during the rebuild
for proper function and why 6) ____________ should use all new sensors. Because sensors are not cheap, you may
be tempted to cut corners and avoid replacement. But consider this: What does engine failure cost? It certainly
costs more than replacement of all electronics.
1) a) this b) they c) that

2) a) a b) an c) the
3) a) this b) that c) these
4) a) a b) an c) that
5) a) this b) his c) her
6) a) you b) your c) you’re
7) a) he b) she c) it

Exercise 2 Things at the workshop
What are these? Write the correct number for each item.
1. Fire…… 4. Boots …………. 8. Gloves………..
2. Machine……. 5. Guard…………. 9. Goggles……….
3. Helmet ……… 6. toolboard ……. 10.Match………….
Exercise 3 Parts of a car

Match the parts. There is one extra option.
a) Tyre….. c) Roof….. e) Window…..
b) Wheel….. d) Door…… f) Floor ………

Exercise 4 Tools and devices used in the workshop.
Complete the sentences with a “type” noun in the box.
device instrument system tool vehicle technician
1 A forklift is a ________________________
2 A scanner is an _______________________
3 An engine is a _________________________
4 A disk brake is a ________________________
5 A spanner is a __________________________
Exercise 5 More tools in the workshop.

Label the tools with words from the box.
grease gun / paint-sprayer / pliers / screwdriver / spanner / tyre levers / welder / wrench

Exercise 6 Things at the workshop.
Observe the picture and match the numbers with the corresponding objects and person.
Wheel ____ Calendar ____ Headlight ____
Gloves ____ Hammer ____ Lever ____
Mechanic ____ Drawers ____ License plate ____
Door ____ Bonnet ____ Spanners ____

Exercise 7 More tools used at the workshop.
Label the pictures with the words in the box. Which are tools?
BOX SPANNER DIPSTICK GEAR LEVER JACK
SCREWDRIVER TYRE VALVE WHEEL GUN WIRE BRUSH
Exercise 8 Some other types of tools.

Write the words in the correct columns.
adapter antenna bolts cable chisel nuts

plug saw screwdriver screws spanner washer
TOOLS ELECTRICAL FIXINGS
ADAPTER

Exercise 9 Finding the tools
Put the letters in order to make the correct word to complete each sentence.
1 You can use a s ______________________ ( anpsner) to loosen and tighten nuts.
2 You can use a h_______________________ ( aehmrm) to strike pieces of metal.
3 You can use a w _______________________ ( sahwre) to fix a bolt.
4 You can use a b _______________________(tobl) to hold pieces of metal together.
5 You can use a j _______________________ (kcja) to raise or lower the front and rear of a car.
Exercise 10 Garage equipment

Label the garage equipment with words from the box.
4-post lift airline compressor jack tyre changer wheel balancer

Exercise 11 More tools
Label the tools with words from the box.
Sparkplug Wrench Tire Gauge Punch Flat Head Driver
Open End 2 Pairs

Multi Driver & Bits 13mm Box Wrench
Wrenches Visegrips

Collective noun
Refer to a set of things. They are often followed by OF + PLURAL
NOUN. (a pair of pliers).
Example: a team of, a pile of, a stack of, a flock of, a bunch of.
collective nouns are commonly used when

referring to groups of animals, such as "a flock of
sheep" (un rebaño de ovejas) and "a school of
fish" (un banco de peces).
“A pair of pliers”

Exercise 12 Collective nouns
Make sentences. Use the correct forms of BE and the correct demonstrative. (If necessary see
page 16)
Example: (a) These are pliers.

This is a pair of pliers
(b) __________________ a set of spanners.
__________________spanners.
(c) __________________a tool box.
__________________a box of tools.
(d) _________________nails.
_________________a packet of nails.
(e) ___________________scissors.
__________________a pair of scissors

Exercise 13 Demonstrative pronouns
Complete the questions and write the answer in English. Use the corresponding demonstrative
pronoun.
1. What’s _______?
______________jack.
2. What’s _______?
_____________your spanner.

4. What’s ___________?
___________________an arline.
5. What are _____________?
____________________pliers.
6.What are _________?

___________________

Exercise 14 Workshop equipment.
Write the name for the equipment with words from the box.
scissor table engine hoist cylinder trolley lift truck
_________________. _________________. _________________. _________________.
Exercise 15 Verb to be in context.

Complete the sentences with words from the two exercises above.
1. I’m Mario. I’m a paint –sprayer. In my job, I use a compressor .
2. I’m Pedro. I’m a tyre fitter. In my job, I use a_________________ and an _________________,
3. I’m Sam. I change tyres. In my job, I use a _________________.
4. I’m Tomás. I’m a mechanic. In my job, I use a _________________, a
_________________, a_________________ and a _________________.

Exercise 16 Reading comprehension.
Read and answer your teacher’s questions about the text.
What’s a motor car?

An automobile or motor car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers,
which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that
automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seats for one to eight people,
typically have four wheels and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather
than goods. However, the term automobile is far from precise, because there are many types
of vehicles that do similar tasks.
Exercise 17 Parts of a motor car.

Complete the sentences with appropriate expressions. Choose from these:
BUMPERS / BOOT / BONNET / SEAT BELT / INDICATOR / AERIAL / LOGO / SUNROOF

/WINDSCREEN WIPERS / TYRES / BADGE
1. You open the _______________ to look at the engine.

2. The _______________absorb small impacts in an accident.
3. Don’t forget to retract the _______________ before using the car wash.
4. Can you put my suitcase in the _______________, please?
5. When it starts raining, you need to switch on the _______________.
6. What model is that? I don´t know I can’t see the _______________from here.
7. It is important to inflate the _______________ to correct the pressure for better fuel
consumption.
8. The Mercedes Star is a well – known _______________.
9. Open the _______________and let some sun and fresh air into the car.
10. I wish all drivers would use their _______________ when they want to turn right or
left!
11. Do not forget to fasten your _______________, it can save your life in case of an
accident.

Inspection Schedule
Exercise 18 Reading comprehension
What is suggested for your car?

Inspection Service and some tips to jump a car.
Exercise 19 Read this piece of information and explain the teacher
Fig. 1
Fig.2
Fig. 3

Exercise 20 Basic parts of the car - Internal parts.
Match the parts of the car with words from the box.
Exercise 21 More technical vocabulary.

Choose the correct alternative.
1. The function of the ……………………..is to make the car quieter.

(a) drive shafts
(b) fuel tank
(c) silencer
(d) chassis
2. The correct technical translation of the word body in Spanish is:

(a) cuerpo
(b) estructura
(c) carrocería
(d) chasis
3. The steering wheel main function is to…………the wheels.

(a) drive
(b) move
(c) stop
(d) steer

Exercise 22 Dashboard controls
Label the controls with the words in the box.
button display key lever pedal slider switch wheel
Exercise 23 Dashboard sample.

Translate this dashboard parts.

Exercise 24 Reading Comprehension.
Fuel Injector
The tip of the fuel-system injector spear incorporates an electronically controlled valve and a nozzle that sprays
fuel into each of an engine’s intake ports, or directly into its cylinders. Now the norm for more than 20 years, fuel
injection has practically eliminated the complications of cold starts, engine flooding and altitude sensitivity.
Fuel injector failure might appear as rough engine performance and/or hesitation, likely accompanied by the check
engine light. Fuel leaks are another possible, and dangerous, sign of failure, often at the seal where the injector
meets the engine. Exercise 24 Write in Spanish:
Atomised fuel ___________
Check engine ___________
light ___________
Cylinder ___________
Fuel filter ___________
Fuel leaks ___________
Intake ports ___________
Nozzle ___________
Plunger ___________
Seal ___________
Solenoid ___________
Spray tip ___________
Spring ___________

Exercise 25 Match the diagrams with the caption
Exercise 26 Label the diagram with the words in bold.

Fuel is pumped out of the fuel tank at the rear of the car. The fuel pump makes the fuel flow through the
fuel filter and along the fuel pipeline towards the engine and the injectors. The fuel filter prevents dirt and
water from passing through it and into the engine. Two valves are fitted to the fuel pump. The pressure
relief valve limits the maximum pressure. The other one, the non – return valve at the outlet of the pump,
stops the fuel from flowing back through it.
The pressure in the fuel delivery system keeps the fuel rail above the injectors full. It also makes the fuel
come out through the injectors as a fine spray. More fuel is delivered to the fuel rail than is needed. The
pressure allows the extra fuel to return through the pressure regulator to the fuel tank via the return fuel
pipeline. The regulator controls the operating pressure of the system. It also stops air locks from forming in
the pipes.
The fuel pump is electrical. If the car is in an accident, the pump switches itself off. This prevents fuel from
flowing around the fuel supply and possibly out of broken fuel pipes.

Automobile Systems
Exercise 27 Match the parts with the corresponding system.
All the bits in between the engine and wheels that Coolant System
A. produce, develop or assist drive.
1.
Brake System
B. Intake manifold, cylinder head, cap bearings 2.
Disc brake, drum brake, master brake cylinder, brake
C. pedal, accelerator and brake line, footbrake, 3. Chassis
handbrake, lever
Exhaust System
D. Engine, transmission, the driveshaft, differentials, axles 4.
Electrical System
E. Radiator, coolant reservoir, upper & bottom hoses 5.
Power Train
F. Exhaust manifold, muffler/ silencer and tail pipe 6.
Fuel System
G. Steering wheel, column, rack and pinion 7.
Suspension System
H. The skeleton of the vehicle 8.
Steering System
I. Fuel tank, fuel line, fuel pump. 9.
Drivetrain
J. Battery, alternator, distributor, diodes, terminal 10.
Engine
K. Shock absorbers, coil springs, control arms 11.

Exercise 28 Match 1 – 8 with a – h.
1 air a transmission (___________________________)
2 automatic b steering (___________________________)
3 brake c locking (___________________________)
4 central d tank (___________________________)
5 steering e pedal (___________________________)
6 electric f bag (___________________________)
7 fuel g wheel (___________________________)
8 power h windows (___________________________)
Exercise 29 Find the mistakes in these sentences.
1 The car has 4 bag airs.
2 The pedal brake is depressed.
3 My car doesn’t have a player CD.
4 The steering wheel has three movements.
5 The motor starter of this Renault is failing.
Exercise 30 Match the drawings with the corresponding text. There’s one extra text.
1
A. The spark plug supplies the spark that ignites the air/fuel
mixture so that combustion can occur. The spark must happen at just
the right moment for things to work properly.
B. The sump surrounds the crankshaft. It contains some amount of

oil, which collects in the bottom of the sump (the oil pan).
2
C. The crankshaft turns the piston's up and down motion into

circular motion just like a crank on a jack-in-the-box does.
3
D. The intake and exhaust valves open at the proper time to let in air
and fuel and to let out exhaust. Note that both valves are closed during
compression and combustion so that the combustion chamber is sealed.
E. The core of the engine is the cylinder, with the piston moving up
and down inside the cylinder. Most cars have more than one cylinder
(four, six and eight cylinders are common). In a multi-cylinder engine,
4 the cylinders usually are arranged in one of three ways: V, in line or
flat (also known as horizontally opposed or boxer), as shown in the
following figures.

Exercise 31 The suspension system of a car.
Translate the following text about the suspension system.
The suspension system of a car has two main functions. Firstly, it must keep all four road
wheels in contact with the road, so that steering, braking and transmission drive can
operate properly. Secondly, the suspension system must offer passengers maximum comfort.
The two functions are never quite compatible, so engineers always make a compromise. The
main suspension components in modern cars are leaf springs, coil springs, wishbones,
torsion bars, shock absorbers and McPherson struts. Leaf springs are leaves of tempered
steel clamped together and fastened to the chassis by a shackle at one end, a pivot at the
other. Coil springs are often used together with wishbones to give independent front
suspension. MacPherson struts also offer independent front suspension. They use a coil
spring together with a shock absorber. The spring absorbs bumps, while the shock absorber
dampens (stabilizes) up and down bouncing. A torsion bar is springy steel which absorbs
bumps by twisting and untwisting. Torsion bars are often part of the front – end suspension
unit.

Exercise 32 The suspension system parts.
Translate each of these parts.

Exercise 33 The suspension system parts.
Translate each of these parts.
Steering gear ___________________ Steering wheel ___________________
Gear box ___________________ Rack and pinion ___________________
Worm gear ___________________ Pitman shaft ___________________
Grooves ___________________ Steering linkage ___________________
Pinion gear ___________________ Tie rods ___________________
Rack gear ___________________ Steering knuckle ___________________
Linear motion ___________________ Hydraulic pressure ___________________
Steering column ___________________ Tie rod joints ___________________
Drive shafts ___________________ Rear – wheel – drive ___________________
Yokes ___________________ Fore and aft ___________________
Drive gear ___________________ CV joints ___________________

Exercise 34 Parts of the steering system.
Translate these paragraphs.
Universal joints allow drive shafts to move up and down with the suspension while the
shaft is moving, so power can be transmitted when the drive shaft isn’t in a straight line
between the transmission and drive wheels.
Rear – wheel – drive vehicles have universal joints (or U – joints) at both ends of the drive
shaft. U – joints connect to yokes that also allow drive shafts to move fore and aft as
vehicles go over bumps or dips in the road, which effectively shortens or lengthens the
shaft.
Front – drive vehicles also use two joints, called constant velocity (or CV) joints, but they
are a different kind that also compensate for steering changes.
On rear – drive vehicles, one sign of a worn U – joint is a “clank” sound when a drive gear is
engaged. On front – drive vehicles, CV joints often make a clicking noise when they are
worn. CV joints are covered by protective rubber boots, and if the boots crack or are
otherwise damaged, the CV joints will lose their lubrication and be damaged by dirt and
moisture.

Exercise 35 The alternator
Reading Comprehension.
The alternator is a generator that produces electricity to power the car’s ignition system, lights and
accessories. The engine drives the alternator by means of a belt, either with a dedicated belt or a belt
shared with other pulley-driven components.
An alternator will stop immediately if its drive belt breaks, but alternators can also fail over time and
with use, requiring replacement. Failing alternators can result in repeatedly drained batteries, dimming
headlights and localized noise.
Exercise 36 Troubleshooting section.

Read this case and talk to the teacher about it. Don’t use translators.
Can running a vehicle with a dead alternator solely off a jump battery pack cause damage
to the vehicle's battery?
I'm a service employee for a highway assistance
program. I came across a vehicle where the alternator
had failed, and the vehicle drew all available power from
the onboard battery, causing the operator of the vehicle
to be stuck on the side of the road. One of the tricks I've
learned is it's possible to temporarily connect in a battery
jump pack to the battery, secure the hood somehow,
and limp the vehicle off the road to a safer location.
However, one of my peers mentioned that they thought
running a vehicle solely off a battery pack could cause
damage, fire, or boil over of the battery on the target
vehicle.

Exercise 37 Starter motor removal.
Translate these instructions.
Starter motor removal

1. Remove the starter motor from the vehicle. Removal procedures will vary, for this truck it's underneath
the engine just above the oil pan. Be sure to disconnect the battery first when working on the starter to
remove the chance of a short.
Wire Brush
2 Tape up any exposed holes on the starter and clean the outside using a scraper and wire brush. Use a paint
marker to mark any case seams.
3. Remove the main power cable coming off the solenoid. Remove the outer bolts on the starter case, These are
extremely long and small, so take your time as you can risk breaking them depending on the condition of your
starter. The starter should pop right apart, do not force the starter apart as there are plastic components which
can break.
4. Remove the solenoid, the plunger will fit into a plastic fork so it does need to be shifted to one side so it can be
removed from the unit. Remove rubber cap holding the engagement lever into place, then remove the final
drive assembly. The gear reduction just slides apart and inside you will find a series of gears.
5. Remove the two bolts on the backside and pull off the cap. Remove the small rubber cap on the side that both
holds and insulates the cable which just slides out. Pull back on the shaft to help assist the armature and
brushes out. Pop the metal clips back and remove the cap on the brush carrier. Fully remove the metal clips
and pull the brushes out, be extremely careful not to lose the springs in the process.
6. Disconnect the starter connecting strap from the solenoid mounting screws. List and pull the solenoid
mounting screws.

7. Lift and pull the solenoid away from the pivot lever and housing.
8. Remove the shaft end cap screws, cap, circlip and spacing washers from the starter. Remove the through
bolts and the commutator end housing.
9. Lift the brush holder off the armature, after removing the brushes.
10. Remove the yoke and field coils. Note the position of the dust cover and pivot lever, then remove the
armature. Remove the circlip from the drive haft, then slide the collar off. Slide the pinion and clutch
assembly off the armature shaft. Remove the solenoid cap, desolder the solenoid wires and then push
the cap away from the solenoid chips.

Section 3 : Press that pedal.
2.1.1.- Identifica técnicas de scanning para la
2.1.- Aplica técnicas de localización de información en el texto de la
comprensión de lectura en la especialidad en idioma inglés, a partir de pauta
lengua materna, transfiriéndolas dada.
al proceso lector en idioma inglés 2.1.2.- Diferencia técnicas de skimming y
de textos de la especialidad, en el scanning, en la localización de ideas, a partir de
contexto de la localización de marcadores específicos presentes en el texto.
ideas principales y secundarias, 2.1.3.- Aplica técnicas de scanning y skimming,
colaborando activamente en el en la comprensión lectora de textos de la
trabajo de pares. especialidad, a partir de marcadores textuales
específicos.
Verbos más frecuentes en manuales en uso, en forma

imperativa, con instrucciones de acciones, como chunks : open
Verbs in context the pipe; check the engine; clean the exhaust pipe; replace the
bearings
Kris is showing Andres how to drive the car.

Exercise 38 Verbs for instructions.
Match the pictures with the verbs in the box.
.
LIFT UP PICK UP PULL OUT PUSH IN
PUT ON TAKE AWAY TAKE OFF PUT DOWN
Exercise 39 More Verbs.

Match the opposites Pick Up Tighten
Raise Lower
Remove Put Down
Loosen Sit
Stand Stop
Start Install
Exercise 40 More verbs.

Try this quiz. Choose the correct answer.
1 Turn the TV a) on b) off c) out

2 The doors are a) closed b) open c) outside
3 Turn a) left b) right c) up
4 Go a) in b) out c) down
5 Drive a) up b) down c) off
6 Put the hammer a) in the box b) on the box c) under the box

Exercise 41 More verbs.
Tick the words and phrases that you remember. Check the others in your dictionary.
NOUNS (car) NOUNS VERBS PHRASAL

VERBS
accelerator camera Actívate lift up
air pressure chest Adjust pick up
blanket cord Break pull out
cockpit device Detect push in
driver dial Insert put down
emergency stop fault Kick put on
fire suit handset Locate put together
flap ipod lower strip off
front laser beam Pump switch off
fuel outboard motor Raise switch on
gear lever plaster hole Repair take apart
hose receiver replace take away
mechanic robot service take off
nozzle sensor signal take out
passenger surface spill turn off
pit lane technology test turn on
pit-stop crew ticket machine touch adverbs
rear water heater time phrases ahead
socket water valve almost done away
trainee wireless hang on forward
trainer immediately sideways
tyre just a minute upright
visor nearly finished
wheel – gun one minute
wheel - jack
Exercise 42 Verbs in context

Complete the sentences with nouns from the Word List # 1 and 2. Some alternatives are
possible.
1 Loosen the nuts with the ……………………………………..
2 Raise the ……………………………………..of the car with the wheel-jack.
3 Adjust the ……………………………………..in the tyres.
4 Pull the cord on the ……………………………………..to start the engine.
5 If you see an accident ahead, press the brake and do an
……………………………………..
6 Push down the ……………………………………..with your right foot.
7 Clean the ……………………………………..on the driver’s helmet with a cloth.
8 If you need hot water, turn on the ………………………………………
9 Tighten the safety belt across your ……………………………………..

Exercise 43 Examples of instructions.
Match the sentences with the numbers in the pictures
Example: (a) I need the short clean spanner – number 3.
(a) I need the short clean spanner. Could you give it to me please?
(b) Switch on the machine. Press the small square button.
(c) Please use the wide coarse file for this job.
(d) Use the water from the tank. The large hot one.
(e) Could you clean the car, please? Use the large wet rag.
(f) Please push the plug into the socket. The large square one.
(g) Could you give me the long bent pipe, please?
(h) Push that lever. The short white one.
(i) Dry the window. Use the large dry rag.
(j) Pull the long white lever.
(k) Please repair the short broken pipe.
(l) I want to clean that spanner. The short dirty one.
(m) Please empty the small hot tank.
(n) Could you press the large round button, please?
(o) To finish the job, use the file. The wide fine one.
(p) Take the plug out and put it into the the small square socket.
(q) The FAST/SLOW button is the large square one.
(r) The large round socket has 240 volts.
(s) Put the small dry rag into the water.
(t) The stop button is the small round one.

Exercise 44 Order of instructions.
You are a trainee pit-stop mechanic. A trainer is giving you instructions. Write
numbers 1 – 10 to show the correct order of instructions.
Tighten the wheel nuts Adjust the air pressure in the tyre.
Raise the car with the jack Bring the new wheel out
Loosen the wheel nuts Put the new wheel on.
Take the old wheel off Put the jack under the car.
Take the old wheel away Lower the car and take the jack away.
Exercise 45 Number the steps for refueling a plane in the best order.
Switch on the pump.
Push the nozzle into the fuel socket.
Drive the fuel tanker to the plane.

1
Pump fuel into the plane’s fuel tanks.
Clean any spilled fuel off the plane.
Switch off the pump.
Close the fuel flap.
Remove the fuel nozzle .

Exercise 46 Verbs in a sequence.
Give these sentences the opposite meaning. (review Simple present)
1 The car enters the pit lane.
1 The car leaves the pit lane
2 The driver opens the fuel flap.
3 They loosen the wheel nuts.
4 They raise the car off the ground.
5 Someone switches on the fuel pump
6 They take off the old wheels
7 They take away the old wheels.
Exercise 47 Verbs plus complements.

Match the beginning of the sentences with their endings.
1 take off a the fuel hose

2 switch off b the wheel
3 pull out c the spanner from the ground
4 push down d the engine
5 pick up e the pedal

Exercise 48 More verbs for instructions
Complete the instructions. Use the verbs from the box
loosen pull push put take tighten
1_____________the hammer on the table. 4_______________the lever.
2_____________the hammer off the table. 5_____________ the nut.
3_____________the lever. 6_____________the nut.
Exercise 49 Related adjectives and verbs

Translate adjectives and verbs. Use the dictionary or cell phone (mobile phone).
Tight to tighten
Loose to loosen
Short to shorten
Wide to widen
Black to blacken
Strong to strengthen
Long to lengthen
Heat to heat
Cool to cool
Warm to warm
Clean to clean
Wet to wet

Exercise 50 Find pairs of verbs that mean the opposite. Join them with a line.
bring out loosen lower put in put on switch on start

switch off raise take away take off take out tighten turn off
Exercise 51 Give instructions for changing a set of spark plugs. Use verbs from the Exercise
above.
1 Drive the car into the garage and turn off the
engine.
2 …………………………the bonnet of the car.

3 …………………………the first lead.
4 …………………………the old spark plug with a
box spanner.
5 …………………………the old spark plug.
6 …………………………a new spark plug.
7…………………………the new spark plug with a
box spanner.
8 …………………………the first lead. Repeat steps
3-8 with the other spark plugs.
9 …………………………the car bonnet.
10 ………………………… the engine and drive out
of the garage.
Exercise 52 Underline the correct synonym for the following phrasal verbs:
remove tighten
To take off loosen To push in Insert
lower raise
empty stop
To pour in release To turn off start
fill run
raise carry
To lift up install To put down place
drive break
take leave
To pick up raise To take away deliver
turn carry

Exercise 53 Replace the underlined verb by a phrasal verb.
1. Please place the spanners on the table and come to fix this engine. (…………….)
2. Remove the wheel and adjust the tire pressure. (…………….).
3. Stop the engine and leave the car. (…………….).
4. Raise the engine with the hoist. (…………….).
Exercise 54 Translate these instructions from a handbook.
Engine Rear Support

Removal
(1) Disconnect the negative cable
from the battery.
(2) Raise vehicle on hoist.
(3) Support the transmission with a
jack
(4) Automatic transmission:
Remove the rear engine support
bracket through bolt (Fig. 25).
(5) Manual transmission: Remove
nuts securing insulator to
transmission. (Fig. 26)
(6) Raise the transmission and
engine slightly.
(7) Remove stud nuts and insulator from transmission mounting crossmember. (Fig. 25).
Remove insulator

Exercise 55 Complete the table with the opposite verb.
Verb Opposite
Put (on) (1) (off)
Tighten (2)
Push (3)
Exercise 56 Complete the table with similar verbs in the box.
enter leave rise sink
Up (1)
down (2)
Go in / into (3)
out / out of (4)
What’s to mesh?
To mesh:

Exercise 57 Using as many of the verbs as possible, make a list of the task done during
maintenance.
recalibrate drain check top up lubricate

clean dismantle replace service
Example:
a. clean, drain, check, service, dismantle ___ a pump
b. .............................................................................a filter
c. ………………………………………………the bearings
d. ………………………………………………………………………….a seal
e. ……………………………………………the fluid levels
f………………………………………………the sensors

Object pronouns
Son pronombres que reciben la acción del verbo y se ubican después de este. En inglés técnico las
formas usadas son it (cuando el verbo afecta a un solo objeto) y por otro lado them (cuando el
verbo afecta a más de un objeto).
Exercise 58 Match these sentences in the same way:
Example: (a) – (5): Ron: The tank is empty.(El tanque está vacío)
Alan: Please fill it. (Por favor, llénalo)
(a) The tank is empty. (1) Please loosen it.

(b) The door is open. (2) Please open them .
(c) The belt is tight. (3) Please empty it.
(d) The bonnets are closed. (4) Please pick it up.
(e) The screws are loose. (5) Please fill it .
(f) The bin is full. (6) Please open it.
(g) The light is on. (7) Please tighten them
(h) The bottles are empty. (8) Please switch it off.
(i) The spanner is on the floor. (9) Please close it.
(j) The box is closed. (10) Please fill them.
Cuando no se mencionan los pronombres después del verbo, obviamente se menciona el nombre del
objeto.
Ejemplo: PLEASE, OPEN THE BOX o también PLEASE, OPEN IT.

Exercise 59 Match the pictures with the instructions in the box.
Pull it out. Push them down. Pull it forward. Put it in. Pull it back. Pour it in.
Take it off. Pick them up. Switch it on. Take them out. Take it away.
Put it on. Pour it out. Switch it off. Put them down. Push it in.

Exercise 60 Look at the pictures and give instructions with the words in the box.
bend close cut drive in grip loosen measure open

pull out put put on strike take out take off tigthen use
Examples: 1 Grip the nail. Use a pair of pliers. 2 Pull out the nail. 3 …

Exercise 61 What are Mario, Alex and Rodrigo saying?
Write the instructions.

Exercise 62 Select the correct instructions for the actions in the figure below:
1 Turn the jack handle anticlockwise to lower the car.
2 Turn the gear wheel anticlockwise to raise the drill.
3 Turn the bolt clockwise to tighten it.
4 Press the top button to stop the motor.
5 Press the largest pedal to stop the car.
6 Pull the handle down to cut the metal bar.
7 Push the bar down to raise the load.

Exercise 63 Use the diagrams below and words in the previous exercise to complete the
instructions.

Exercise 64 Label these vehicle parts with words from the box.
axle body bonnet boot chassis engine roof tailgate
Exercise 65 Match the vehicle types in exercise 64 with the descriptions.
a) A four – wheel drive is agood vehicle for off – road use.
b) A ______________ has three or five doors. The tailgate at the back is usually called a door. You can put
down the back seats and carry cases.
c) A ______________ is a large expensive car, with a long chassis and wide body. It needs a big engine.
d) A ______________ has two doors and a soft roof that you can fold down. It is a good vehicle for driving in
warm countries.
e) A ______________ has two or four doors. The engine is at the front and the door (for cases) is at the back.
f) A ______________ is a two – door vehicle with a hard roof.
g) An ______________ has a long body, square at the back, with four doors. You can put down the back
seats and load large objects through the tailgate.
h) A ______________ has a large body and five to eight seats. It is a good vehicle for lage families.

British and American English terms used in these exercises.
Exercise 66 Match these words related to mechanics
British English (BrE) American English (AmE)
1 bonnet a gear shift

2 boot b turn signals, blinkers
3 estate c hood
4 saloon d gage
5 gear lever e truck
6 indicators f freeway
7 tyre g gas, gasoline
8 petrol h jumper cables
9 roof rack i station wagon
10 gauge j trunk
11 lorry k sedan
12 roundabout l stop lights
13 motorway m outlet
14 socket n tire
15 traffic lights o luggage rack
16 jump leads p traffic circle
17 accelerator q elevator
18 litre r wrench
19 cable / wire s windshield
20 centre t cord
21 car u antenna
22 vice v automobile
23 aerial w liter
24 spanner x center
25 windscreen y gas pedal / gas
26 lift z vise

Exercise 67 Label these conversations in the correct order. Then describe using the given
determiners.
The plate must be

worn out, but it is I have noticed that the
There it is, a normal thing at clutch is very noisy when I
everything’s in this mileage.
change gear.
order. It’s £200
VAT included.
Ok, I will then

replace the
tyres, change
the brake discs
and check the
Good morning, oil level
sir. I’ve come for
the 70,000 miles
servicing
Thanks see you for

the 90,000 servicing
Adjectives for cars

English adjectives almost always precede the noun and also they follow verb to be when
describing objects. They are mainly used to give information about a noun or pronoun.
I sold my old, red truck

and bought a shiny,
new, Italian sports car!

Exercise 68 Match the pictures with the sentences. The adjectives are in bold.
1 The car is shiny. 6 The rag is wet.
2 The water is hot 7 The water is cold.
3 The file is coarse. 8 The rag is dry.
4 The car is dull. 9 The file is fine.
5 The pipe is bent. 10 The pipe is straight.
Exercise 69 Study and translate these material descriptions:

Exercise 70 Match the sentences:
1 It’s flexible. a) When you heat it, it doesn’t burn or deform.
2 It’s rigid. b) When you drop it or strike it, it doesn’t break.
3 It’s hard. c) When you compress it, it doesn’t break or deform.
4 It’s tough. d) When you twist it, it doesn’t break or deform.
5 It’s elastic. e) You can’t bend it.
6 It’s heat-resistant. f) You can bend it, and it doesn’t break.
7 It’s strong in g) You can stretch it and make it longer, but it

compression doesn’t break.
8 It has torsional h) When you pull it, it doesn’t stretch or break.

strength.
i) You can’t scratch it or cut it.
Exercise 71 What are these shapes?
Exercise 72 Circle the correct words.
1 A surfboard sail is roughly triangle / triangular in shape, with one curved side.
2 A piston is basically a metal cylinder / cylindrical.
3 Scanners normally have rectangle / rectangular screens.
4 Don’t cut that pipe with the hand saw. It’s quicker to use the circle/ circular saw.
5 This battery is the new cube / cubic model. It’s exactly 30 x 30 x 30 cm.
6 This ball is not a perfect sphere / spherical . It’s flattered at the poles.
7 This racing car is in the shape of a cone / conical.
8 A protactor is a semi-circle/ semi-circular instrument for measuring angles.

Exercise 73 In the boxes below you will find many adjectives you can use to describe the
different vehicles. Can you also come up with suggestions of your own for describing the many
vehicles?

Exercise 74 Match the sentences with the picture.
Example: 1 The ruler is broken – picture (b)
1 The ruler is broken. 5 The screwdriver is bent.
2 The hammer is broken. 6 The saw is broken.
3 The screwdriver is broken. 7 The window is broken.
4 The tyre is flat. 8 The saw is bent.
(e)
Exercise 75 Match 1 – 8 with a – h.
a 1,005 – mm wheelbase
2 a 5,905 - mm b fuel tank.
3 a six-wheel c mining truck
4 a 4,354 - litres d frame
5 a 1,750 - rpm e top speed
6 a 54.3 – kph f maximum engine speed
7 a two – axle g truck weight
8 a 116 – tonne h ground clearance

Exercise 76 Match the names of the objects in the box with their pictures.
A-frame E – clip G - clamp T-junction U- bend
U-bolt V-engine G - clip
Exercise 77 Match the devices with their explanations.
1 V-belt a) Triangular in shape, this supports the sloping roof of a

house.
.
2 U-bolt b) A steel device for attaching a cycle to street furniture.
3 T-junction c) A fitting that goes on a shaft.
4 U-bend d) A tool for fixing a machine firmly to a workbench.
5 A-frame e) A fitting with a plate and two bolts, used a lot on boats.
6 D-lock f) A water trap which prevents smells from coming out of

a waste pipe
7 G-clamp g) This drives things like the fan and water pump in a car.
8 E-clip h) A rectangular pipe fittings where two pipes meet.

Exercise 78 Choose the correct alternative for these descriptions. Use your dictionary if
possible.
1. A headed pin or bolt of metal used for uniting two or more pieces by passing the shank
through a hole in each piece and then beating or pressing down the plain end so as to make a
second head.
a) A clamp b) A rivet c) A key
2. A device designed to bind or constrict or to press two or more parts together so as to hold them
firmly.
3. A small piece of wood or metal used as a wedge or for preventing motion between parts .
4. A headless bolt that is threaded at both ends, the centre portion being unthreaded.
a) A set screw b) A stud c) A circlip
5. A mechanical device with movable jaws with which an object can be secured to a bench or with
which two objects may be secured together.
a) A lock washer b) A clevis pin c) A clamp
6. A washer that prevents a nut from loosening.
a) A lock washer b) A clamp c) A clevis pin

Materials (steel, aluminum, plastic, rubber, nylon)
is is
What this helmet It polycarbonate.
‘s made of? ‘s made of
are are
What those ropes They nylon.
‘re ‘re
Exercise 79 Read the text and complete the table below.
This Racing car is made from the latest hi-tech

engineering materials. It’s made from metals,
alloys, ceramics, plastics and composites. Many
materials in the car are light but very strong. The
nose cone of the vehicle is made of strong, light
fiberglass.
The spoiler and the wings are made from two
materials. The inner core is light. It’s made of
polystyrene. The outer skin is hard and made of
fiberglass.
The frame is light, but very tough and rigid. It’s
made of cromoly, a steel alloy. The radiator is
made of aluminum. The aluminum is coated with
ceramic. These two materials are corrosion –
resistant.
The engine and piston are made of a light
aluminum alloy . each piston inside the engine is
coated with a heat – resistant ceramic.
The wheels are made of strong, light aluminum
alloy. The tyres are made of a tough rubber
composite.
Vocabulary:
An alloy is a mixture of two types of material. Fibreglass is a composite, it is a mixture of a plastic and a ceramic.
BrE tyre, AmE tire.

Exercise 80 Complete the sentences with a word from the list in the box. Use each word once
only.
battery bulb airline storeroom tank truck
1 We need a hundred – watt ____________to light up this workshop.
2 I want to inflate the tyre, but the _____________is very short.
3 This ___________holds fifteen litres of water.
4 We need a two – tonne _______________for the delivery.
5 The new engine needs a 24 – volt _____________.
6 Do you have a ladder in the _______________?
Exercise 81 Complete these statements with the words in the box.
bring carry cover keep look open press

protect put raise shield wear
1 The driver shields his eyes from dust by looking through the visor on his helmet.
2 The fuel guy ______________ the 40 kg fuel hose to the car by ______________it on his
shoulders.
3 The wheel jack guys ______________the whole car by ______________jacks under the front
and rear.
4 The wheel guys______________the new tyres warm by ______________them with electric
blankets.
5 The mechanics ______________themselves from fire by ______________fire suits.
6 The driver ______________the fuel flap on his car by ______________a button in the cockpit.

You can inflate a tyre…
En textos técnicos, cuando el modal CAN / CAN’T se conjuga con el pronombre “you” su significado
comunmente se interpreta como: “se puede” o “no se puede” hacer algo.
Ejemplo: You can use: Se puede usar.

You can’t use: No se puede usar
You can inflate a tyre using a foot pump.

by using
by means of
Exercise 82 Complete each sentence with a pair of verbs or a single verb.
adjust, check / attach, clean / brush, loosen, measure / look, put / use , raise, tighten / use
1. You tighten the wheel nuts using a box spanner.
2. You __________ the oil level by __________at the dipstick.
3. You __________the tyre pressure by __________the airline to the tyre valve.
4. You __________ the carburettor by means of a screwdriver.
5. You __________the spark plugs by __________the electrodes with a wire brush.
6. You __________ the end of the car by means of a jack.
7. You __________the wheel nuts by means of a wheel gun.
8. You __________the gear lever into the first gear __________the gear lever.

Section 4 : “There are no spanners.”.
3.1.- Aplica técnicas de 3.1.1.- Identifica unidades de

comprensión de lectura de significado, ya sea de existencia (there
textos de la especialidad en is/are), de localización (prepositional
inglés, a partir de la phrases), o de tiempo ( time/ hour), a
identificación de unidades de partir de formas lingüísticas dadas.
significado, actuando en
forma colaborativa.
Utiliza manuales de la especialidad

Unidades de existencia en el texto del manual: there is....;
there are....
Unidades de localización en el texto del manual: in the rear
of.....; in the front; on the upper part; below the...;
under... ; over... on... ; between X and Y; next to ...; etc.
Unidades de tiempo en el manual: for half an hour, for 45
min; for 30 sec
Obtención de datos
A. There’s no hammer in the box.

B. And there are no spanners
A: Are there any bolts?
B: Mm, there are no bolts in the toolbox

There to be
Singular (countable and uncountable nouns) Plural (Only Countable Nouns)
1. There’s a bolt on the workbench. There are some nails over there.
2. There’s some fuel in the tank There are some tools in the box.
3. There is a hammer on the bench. There are lots of cars at the workshop.
4. There’s no engine in this car. There are a couple of machines.
5. There isn’t an oil filter inside the box. There are no spanners in the box.
There is and there are indicate that something exists.
To indicate the opposite there’s no or there are no is used.
1 ___ ___ five screwdrivers in the toolbox. (there is / there are)
2 ___ ___ a jumper lead on the battery. (there is / there are)

Exercise 83 Match the sentences and the pictures.
Example: (a) There are no vices on the bench – 9
(b) There are goggles on the wall.
(c) There’s no guard on the machine.
(d) There are vices on the bench.
(e) There are tools on the board.
(f) There is no helmet on the wall.
(g) There are no goggles on the wall.
(h) There are gloves on the shelf.
(i) There are no tools on the board.
(j) There’s a guard on the machine.
(k) There are tools on the floor.
(l) There’s a helmet on the wall.
(m) There are no gloves on the shelf.

Exercise 84 You are a safety inspector, inspecting this workshop. Describe
what you see.
There is a liquid in the workshop. A cable is damaged.

There‘s some bricks on the floor. Two windows are locked.
There are no boxes around the bricks. The fire exit broken.
food on the machines. Some cables coiled.
drink on the stairs.
tools on the benches.
fire extinguishers
fire exit
cones
guards

Remember
There’s + singular
a spanner on the table

There’s some water in the tank
no vise on this workbench
an engine on the hoist
Remember:
There are + plural things
Two cars in the garage

There are tools on the shelf
no screws in the box
a lot of hammers over there.
not any fuses on this board.

Exercise 85 Complete the inspector’s report. Describe all the hazards in the workshop.
Safety Inspection Report
Visit to : Ally Bally Automotive Workshop

Date of report: 18th June
I inspected the workshop today 16th March. Here are my findings.
1 There is no fire extinguisher anywhere in the workshop.

2 There is a single fire exit, but the door is locked with a padlock.
3 ………………………………………………………………………………..
Exercise 86 Work in small groups. Write at least ten safety rules for the workshop. Use
Modal verbs.
Example : Put away all tools after work.
Do not bring food or drink into the workshop.
No eating or drinking in the workshop.
Always wear your safety boots
Never smoke near the fuel.
Staff must / must not smoke inside the workshop.

INACAP Mechanic Area
Work Group names: _________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Safety Rules for the workshop.
1_______________________________________________________________
2 _______________________________________________________________
3_______________________________________________________________
4_______________________________________________________________
5_______________________________________________________________
6_______________________________________________________________
7_______________________________________________________________
8_______________________________________________________________
9_______________________________________________________________
10_______________________________________________________________

PREPOSITIONS AND PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
Some prepositions and prepositional phrases are useful devices for indicating location. Study them with
the help of the following exercises.
Exercise 87 Prepositions and prepositional phrases.

Find them and explain their use to the teacher
.

Exercise 88 Translate these heavy machinery parts.
Starters and Alternators Crankshafts and Bearings Gears and Shafts Engine Pre Cleaners
Decal sets Camshafts Gaskets and Seals Mufflers and Pipes
Switches Pistons, Rings and Liners Bearings Exhaust Extensions
Universal Joints Water and Oil Pumps Pumps Rain Flaps
Lights Pulleys and “V” Belts Friction Discs
Gaskets Kits
Gauges
Radiators and Fuel Caps
Grouser Bar
Impellers and shafts
Gasket kits
Bearings
Gears and Shafts
Bearings
Friction Discs
Ripper points
Shrouds
Shanks Edges
End bits
Plow Bolts
Pumps CC500 Wear Protection

Cartridge kits / Shafts Pads TLC Component Protection
Seal kits Equalizer bars
Pins and Bushes
Sprocket Segments Trunions Front Idler Shafts, Gears and Pinions

Track Bolts and Nuts Balls Duo – Cone Seals Bearings, Seals and Gaskets
Track Adjuster Seal Kits Caps Guides
Wear Strips and Guards Springs

Exercise 89 Prepositions
Where are these things? Answer these questions
Is the spanner above the table in a)?
Where is the spanner in b)?
Is the spanner out of the box in c)?
Where is the switch in d)?
Is the switch on the right or on the left in e)?
Where is the switch in f)?
Where is the switch in g)?

Exercise 90 Complete the sentences after looking at the electronic panel below.
1 In the ________on the left there is an LCD display.
2 At the bottom on the right there are _________ _________ .
3 At the _______ on the ________ there are two gauges.
4 At the top on the right there is a _________ .
5 In the _________on the __________there are four switches.
6 At the bottom on the left there is a _______________.
Look at these prepositional phrases.
Study these prepositional phrases: AT THE TOP

In: in the middle, in the centre
At: at the top, at the bottom ON ON

THE THE
On: on the left, on the right LEFT RIGHT
To: to the left of, to the right of
AT THE BOTTOM

Exercise 91 Match the prepositional phrases with the numbers in each picture.
Example: (a) on the left of the wall– number 4.
(a) On the left of the wall (e) on the right of the wall
(b) At the top of the wall (f) to the right of the window
(c) Above the window (g) at the bottom of the wall
(d) To the left of the window (h) below the window
Prepositions of Movement Prepositions of place

Exercise 92 Read then correct these things location. There are six mistakes in location.
1 Here is one way to set up your items in the workshop. Put the starter motor in the centre.
2 Then put the gallon in the centre on the left and put the air filter in the centre on the right.
3 Put the rim at the top on the left and put the vise at the top on the right. Then put the
4 exhaust pipe at the top in the middle and put the toolbox at the bottom on the left. Finally,
5 put the piston at the bottom on the right, and put the alternator at the bottom in the centre.

Exercise 93 Look again at the shelf in the workshop. Are these statements true or false?
1 The vise is at the top, on the left. T/ F
2 The vise is above the gallon. T / F.
3 The vise is to the left of the toolbox. T / F
4 The piston is under the rim . T / F
5 The exhaust pipe is next to the vise. T / F
7 The air filter is above the alternator. T / F
Exercise 94 Write the meanings of these prepositions.

Exercise 95 Complete the sentences about the things in the workshop with words in the box.
above at below of in on to
1 The toolbox is ______________the top, _______the middle.
The rim is _______________the right_________the toolbox.
The starter motor is ______________the toolbox.
2 The alternator is ____________the bottom, _________the right.
The piston is ______________the left __________the alternator.
The air filter is ______________the alternator.

Exercise 96 Look again at these items in the workshop. Make sentences about the
locations of these objects. Use more than one preposition:
1 The alternator is………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………..
2 The exhaust pipe is………………………………………………………………….
3 The rim is ………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
4 The starter motor is……………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………
5 The gallon is ……………………………………………………………………

Exercise 97 Match the sentences with the numbers in the pictures.
Example (a) Please press the switch to the right of the window – number 4
What are the things?

a) switches and windows
b) dial and knobs
c) sockets and wall
d) levers and wheel
e) buttons
(a) Please pull the lever below the wheel.
(b) Could you press the ON button, please. That’s the button on the right.
(c) Turn the knob to the left of the dial.
(d) Could you press the switch above the window, please.
(e) Use the socket at the bottom. It has 110 volts.
(f) Press the button at the top.
(g) Use the socket on the left.
(h) Could you now turn the knob to the right of the dial, please.
(i) Now pull the lever above the wheel.
(j) Press the switch to the left of the window.
(k) Now please put the plug into the socket on the right.
(l) Please use the socket at the top of the wall.
(m) Now press the OFF button. That’s the button on the left.
(n) And now press the button at the bottom.
(o) Please press the switch below the window.

Exercise 98 Label the diagrams 1 – 6 with the six correct prepositions in the box.
To
Around
Up
Into
Out of
Over
From
Across
Through
Between
Into
Down
Below
Above
Under
Next to
Exercise 99 Use fig. 1 to complete the sentences about the car engine and transmission-
system. Use below, above or between.
For example:
1 The rocker box is above the cylinder head.
2 The cylinder block is _______________ the cylinder head.
3 The sump is _______________the cylinder block.
4 The cylinder block is _______________the sump.
5 The prop shaft is _______________the gearbox and the differential.
6 The differential is _______________the two half shafts.
..1

Exercise 100 Describe these movements of the truck. Use the words from the manual.
Example: A. The fork tilts down.
Exercise 101 Translate the heavy equipment below. Tell about their position.

Exercise 102 Look at the diagrams and answer the questions.
1 How many pedals does it have?

2 How many levers does it have?
3 Is the steering wheel on the left or on the right?
Exercise 103 Read the manual. Write the letters (A – G) from the diagram next to the controls.
In the diagram, you can see the controls of the forklift truck. On the left is a lever.
This is the direction lever (1________). Push this lever forwards, and the truck moves
forwards. Pull it backwards, and the truck reverses. Next you can see the steering
wheel (2________). This turns the truck to the left and right. At the top, on the right, you
can see two levers. Push the left-hand lever (3________) forwards, and the fork
moves up. Pull it back, and the fork moves down. Push the right-hand lever
(4________) forwards, and the fork tilts up. Pull it back, and the fork tilts down. At the
bottom, on the right, you can see a lever. This is the parking brake (5________). At
the bottom, you can see two pedals. The LH pedal is the brake (6________). The RH
pedal is the accelerator (7________).

Section 5 : You should check the engine..
4.2.2.- Distingue claramente ideas

principales e ideas secundarias dentro de
4.2.- Deduce los puntos
un texto, a partir de la organización de los
principales de un texto de la
párrafos.
especialidad en inglés, en
base a la organización del
párrafo y marcadores 4.2.3.- Clasifica la información en
lingüísticos de mandato, definiciones, obligaciones y sugerencias, a
obligación y sugerencia. partir de uso de verbo To Be en tiempo
presente simple, y los modales de
obligación must y de sugerencia should
Resumen de párrafos y textos simples, en inglés

Definiciones: This /that is a bearing . These/those are
pistons
Obligaciones: The exhaust valve must be open/closed
Sugerencia: The intake manifold should be replaced at (nº)
km
Exercise 104 Complete the sentences with can, can’t, could, couldn’t or will / won’t be able
to. Then match them with the pictures below.

Verb to be: ser / estar
Este verbo en el contexto técnico normalmente sirve para indicar el nombre de algún objeto u objetos,
decir donde está, cómo es, qué es, que actividad o proceso está ocurriendo, etc. Observar los ejemplos.
ES
IS ESTÁ
BE SON
ARE
ESTÁN
. .
They are girls and they are mechanics. They are

not fixing a jeep, but an old car. Their names are
Jenny and Ely.
.They are wide leaf springs. They are
made of steel and are the best.
They are racing cars. They are

Brazilian racing cars.

Modal Verb for obligation:
Do not
Wear
Don’t
Always a hard hat here. Never touch the machine.
You must not

wear
You must You mustn’t
Exercise 105 Complete the instructions with the words in the box.
ALWAYS DO DO NOT MUST MUSTN’T NEVER
1 ________________use a lighted match in this workshop.
2 ________________wash your hands after using these chemicals.
3 ________________enter this small space.
4 You _______________wear safety boots when you lift this.
5 __________________not smoke in this factory.
6 You _________________touch this machine with bare hands. It’s hot.
Exercise 106 Write these signs in another way.

Example: 1 Do not smoke here.

Exercise 107 What might happen if you don’t follow safety procedures? Match the
sentences
1 Never store cylinders by naked flames a Someone might slip over.
2 Always wear gloves when welding. b Someone may get poisoned.
3 You must wipe spillages up c They may explode.
immediately.
4 You mustn’t store chemicals in milk d Someone might trip over them.
bottles or jam jars.
5 Never leave bits of wood lying around e You might burn your hands
on the floor.
Modal Verbs for possibility: Might & Could

Se usa Might o Could para indicar daño, lesión o peligro posible en un taller o lugar de trabajo.
might burn your arm.

You injure / hurt yourself.
could get an electric shock
Exercise 108 Match the hazard with the possible result.
1) A live wire a) you might be hit
2) A greasy floor b) you might slip over
3) A sharp blade c) you might damage your hearing
4) Steam d) you might burn yourself
5) A careless truck driver e) you might electrocute yourself
6) A loose piece of flooring f) you might cut yourself
7) A very loud noise g) you might trip over

Exercise 109 Match the warnings with the pictures.
Warning Possible result

You might burn your hands.
You could injure your head.
You might fall into the gap.
You could trip over the bricks.
You might trap your hand in the gears.
You could get an electric shock.
Exercise 110 Complete the warnings. Use each word once only.
always could don’t might must mustn’t never
1 Staff ____________ wear hard hats at all times on this site.
2 You must ____________ use a lighted match near petrol or gas.
3 You ____________ smoke in the workshop or on the building site.
4 This low beam is very dangerous. You ____________ injure your head on it.
5 ____________ wear gloves if you lift these boxes. They have sharp edges.
6 The oven is very hot. You ____________ burn yourself. Please ____________ touch it.

Exercise 111 Complete these warnings with the words or phrases in the box. You can use the
words or phrases more than once.
COULD MIGHT THERE ARE THERE’S
1 Take care. Heavy weight. You _____________________injure your back.
2. Warning. _________________a cold surface here. You _____________

Injure your hands or arms.
3. Be careful. You _________________trap your hands in the gears.
4. Danger. ____________________lasers in this laboratory. You ________

injure your eyes.
Prohibition or negative instructions

Exercise 112 Study the vocabulary. Then use the words in the box to complete the safety
instructions. Use some of the words more than once.
always / don’t / must / mustn’t / never
1 Don’t____smoke in the garage.

2 ________ wear safety goggles when you use the sander.
3 ________ lift heavy weights alone by hand. Use a lift truck in the workshop.
4 ________ wear trainers when you are working in the workshop. ________ wear safety boots.
5 You ________ use a cylinder trolley when you move full or empty gas cylinders.
6 ________ leave fuel containers in the workshop. ________ put them in a locked storeroom.
8 You ________ use a welder without safety gloves and eye protection.
9 ________ work on a fuel tank which has fuel in it.
10 You ________ lower a gearbox from inside a car without a scissor table.
11 ________ use an engine hoist when you remove an engine.

Exercise 113 Complete each sentence with a pair of verbs.
lift – injure / reverse – hit / use – start / carry – drop / allow – injure /
service – trap / run – slip / leave – roll / walk – fall / climb – fall
1 Don’t run_____inside the workshop; you might __slip_ on an oily patch on the floor.
2 Don’t ________petrol to burn rubbish or waste; you could_______ a big fire.
3 Don’t ________ a car unbraked and in gear; it could _______backwards and injure somebody.
4 Don’t ________ a customer into the workshop; they might _______ themselves.
5 Don’t ________ inside the workshop; you might _______somebody or something.
6 Don’t ________ a ladder which is unsecured; you could _______and hurt yourself.
7 Don’t ________ a car engine in poor light; you might _______your hand.
8 Don’t ________ objects from raised storage areas down a ladder; you could _______ them.
9 Don’t ________ heavy objects without a hoist; you might _______your back.
10 Don’t ________ under raised forks of a fork-lift truck; an object could _______off and hit you.
Exercise 114 Translate this piece of information about safety procedures.

Section 6 : Petrol makes a car go faster than
diesel.. 5.1.1.- Identifica expresión de procesos en
acción en el manual, expresados mediante
presente continuo y de consecuencias a
futuro, mediante presencia de will o going
to.
5.1.2.- Traduce artículos, a fin de
5.1.- Descubre significados, a comprender estructuras con variedad de
partir de la correcta tiempos verbales, a partir de los elementos
interpretación de claves morfosintácticos presentes en el texto de la
morfosintácticas presentes en el especialidad.
texto de la especialidad.
5.2.- Interpreta manuales de la
especialidad, en base a su
reconocimiento de adjetivos
regulares e irregulares en sus
Estructura verbal de presente simple. Estructura verbal en
formas comparativas o
presente continuo. Formas verbales con will o going to.
superlativas.
Frases. Párrafos. Comparativos y superlativos aplicados a
sustantivos del área.
La traducción del texto técnico. Correcta traducción de
sustantivos del texto técnico pre modificados por un
sustantivo; collocation noun + noun. Frases en el texto
técnico con sustantivos pre-modificados
Frases en el texto técnico con sustantivos post modificados.
Simple Present Tense

The simple present (also present simple) is used to talk about:
(1) regular or routine events;

(2) machinery / equipment / car descriptions;
(3) processes
(4) definitions.
Singular subject : The piston moves up and down.
Plural subject : The pistons move up and down

Exercise 115 Replace the words in italics with a word from the box in the correct form.
Remember to add –s, -es, -ies, if needed.
convert extract operate receive transmit
1. How do you work this machine? __________________
2. The sensor sends signals to the receiving unit. __________________
3. The chief mechanic doesn’t get any complaints. __________________
4. Can you change metres into feet? __________________
5. The most common way to get fuel is by taking oil out from oil wells in oils fields
Exercise 116 Rewrite the sentences with the verb provided. Use the affirmative or negative.
__________________

Exercise 117 Find these things in the pictures.
a) crane b) underwater pipe c) fire drill
Exercise 118 Write questions and answers about these people. What are they doing today?
What do they usually do?
1 What is Sven doing today?
He is repairing an underwater pipe.
2 What does Sven usually do?

He trains sub-sea engineers.
3 What is Hans doing today?

__________________________________
____________________
4 What does Hans usually do?

__________________________________
____________________
5 What is Eric doing today?

_____________________________
_________________________
6_________________________________
_____________________?
He checks the electrical equipment.

Do you know these everyday objects in your job? Tell your teacher about them.
The first picture shows a graph. The graph line is curved.

The next picture shows an engine block. The block is cracked.
The third picture shows a filter. The filter is unattached.
Exercise 119 Look at pictures four, five and six. Complete the sentences below.
4. The …………………………..… picture ………………….…………a wheel gun.
5.The ……………………….is made of rubber.
6. The ……………………………shows a ……………………………………coolant.
7. The gallon ……………………………………………….…(label).
8. The ………………………………………………………………shows a toolbox.
9. ………………………………………………………………..…………(lock).

Internal Parts of a car
Exercise 120 Complete the text with words from the diagrams. Some are used more than
once.
On a front-wheel drive vehicle, the (1) engine is at the front of the car, between the two
wheels. Two (2)_____________________ drive the front wheels.
The (3)_____________________ is at the rear of the car, between the rear wheels and below
the passenger seat. It holds fuel for the engine. A (4)_____________________ carries fuel
below the car to the (5)_____________________ at the front. The (6)___________________
on the instrument panel shows the quantity of fuel in the (7)_____________________.
Each wheel is fitted with (8)_____________________. When the footbrake is pressed, the
(9)_____________________ slow the moving car. At rest, the handbrake stops the car from
moving.
The car’s exhaust system has a (10)_____________________ and an (11)______________.
The function of the (12)_____________________ is to reduce the noise from the engine. The
(13)_____________________ carries exhaust gases from the engine under the car between
the two rear wheels to the exit point at the rear.

Exercise 121 Match the parts with their functions.
1 silencer _______ a) slow and stop the wheels
2 fuel gauge_______ b) carries fuel to the engine from the fuel tank
3 engine _______ c) measures the fuel in the tank
4 pipeline _______ d) holds the fuel for the car
5 brakes _______ e) carries the exhaust gases to the rear of the car
6 drive shafts _______ f) makes the car quieter
7 fuel tank _______ g) turns the drive shaft
8 exhaust pipe _______ h) turn the wheels of the car

Functions
NOUNS ENGINES COOLING COOLING AND
(vehicle) NOUNS AND HEATING
HEATING (VERBS)
(NOUNS)
Benefit Cam Coil Absorb
Buoy Compression Compressor Compress
Energy Crankshaft Condenser Condense
resource
Fossil fuel Cylinder Cycle Decompress
Pendulum Exhaust port Evaporator Displace
VERBS Exhaust valve expansion Evaporate
Oscillate Explosion Fluid Expand
Reciprocate Force High pressure Extract
ADJECTIVE Hydrogen Operation Melt
(ALL)
Geotermal Ignition Principle operate
Linear Inlet Reaction Reverse
Oscillating Intake port Refrigerant Solidify
Reciprocating Intake valve Refrigeration Transfer
Rotary Internal- Upthrust
ADVERBS combustion
(ALL) engine
Anti-clockwise Piston
Clockwise Spark plug
Rapidly Stroke
Simultaneously Torsion
Top dead Vacuum
centre VERBS
(TDC) Compress
Expand
ignite
Exercise 122 Label the diagram with nouns from column 2.

Four – stroke diesel engine
Exercise 123 Write the heading for the operation of a four-stroke diesel engine. Find letters
for parts in the diagram and write them in the text.
Intake stroke. Air (1) D alone is drawn into the cylinder (2) through the intake port (3) _______
by the vacuum created by the descending piston (4) _______.
Compression stroke. The intake valve (5) _______ closes and the piston ascends (6) _______.
Air is compressed in the top of the cylinder (7) _______ and is heated to 700-900° C.
Combustion stroke. Diesel oil (8) _______ is injected into the top of the cylinder by the oil
injector (9) _______. It mixes with the compressed air above the piston. Combustion drives the
piston down wards and turns the crankshaft (10) _______.
Exhaust stroke. The exhaust valve (11) _______ opens. Exhaust gases (12) _______ are
pushed out of the cylinder through the outlet port (13) _______ by the rising piston.

Exercise 124 Match the part of the car with its function.

Exercise 125 Match these descriptions of a 4x4 vehicle.
1 it has a long wheelbase a) it can drive a long way on one tank of petrol
2 it has low fuel consumption b) it can pull another vehicle or trailer easily
3 it has high clearance c) the petrol tank is very big
4 it has strong towing power d) the drive shaft is long
5 it has large fuel capacity e) the driver can see clearly all around
6 it has good driver visibility f) there’s a lot of space between the ground and
the chassis

Functions and Processes
Learn these verbs. Use your dictionary:
cool lubricate
push flow
known refer
use is
Engine components
An oil pump a cooling system
A water pump a lubricating system
A sump moving parts
A passage metal pipe
An oil passage
Prepositions
From…….to
through
Exercise 126 Use the description of the cooling system to complete the description of the
lubricating system; refer to Figure A and B and the lists above.
Most cars use water to cool the engine. Water flows from the radiator through a system of
water passages and rubber hoses. A water pump pushes the water round. This system is
known as the cooling system. (See Fig.A)
Cars use ___________ to lubricate the ___________. Oil _________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________(See Fig. B).

The Present Continuous
The present continuous is used to talk about (1) things happening now; (2) things happening
temporarily around now; (3) plans or intentions for the near future.
I am pressing the brake pedal now.

You /We/They are breaking the safety rules.
He / She is turning the steering wheel.
The car (It) is moving to the left.
Things happenning now.

What’s Sebastian doing now?
a) He’s cutting a body panel. g) He’s welding the panel to the body.
b) He’s painting the car with a paint-sprayer. h) He’s labelling the parts that he can reuse.
c) He’s assessing the damage. i) He’s masking the paintwork with masking tape
d) He’s straightening the metal frame. j) He’s flattening the dents.
e) He’s sanding the filler. k) He’s dismantling the front of the car.
f) He’s fitting the new parts to the car. l) He’s putting on body filler.

Exercise 127 Write the –ing form (present continuous) of the verbs on the correct line.
assess / connect / cut / dismantle / fit / flatten / grip / hit / label /

measure / pull / push / put / raise / slide / straighten / use / wipe
1 Add – ing: assessing, ___________, ___________, ___________, ___________,
2 Double the last letter and add –ing: cutting, ___________,__________,

___________,___________, ___________
3 Drop the –e and add –ing: dismantling, ___________,___________,___________,

___________, ___________
Exercise 128 Match the actions with the verbs in the box.
BEND / COMPRESS / CUT / DROP / HEAT / SCRATCH / STRETCH / STRIKE
Exercise 129 Transform each of these verbs into gerunds. Follow the rules mentioned above.
Bend ……bending……… Scratch ……………………

Compress …………………… Stretch……………………
Cut …………………… Strike ……………………
Drop ……………………
Heat ……………………

Exercise 130 Complete the text, using the verbs in the present continuous.
CUT / DO / PAINT / PUT / REMOVE / REPLACE / SAND / USE / WELD
The first repair job won’t take long. The mechanic is (1) doing a patch repair on the
bonnet. He’s (2) ____________ a small patch of filler onto the fiberglass bonnet.
Now, he’s (3) ____________ the patch with a sanding block. Now he’s (4)
____________ the repaired bonnet with some paint. Job done! The second job will
take longer. Look at that damaged door frame. First, he’s (5) ____________ the
corrosion. He’s (6) ___________ a sanding disk. Now, he’s (7) ____________ out
the corroded section with a power tool. Finally, he’s (8) __________ a new bar to the
chassis, so the chassis will stay rigid. The third job has the most damaged part, but
will be the easiest. Look at the nearside rear panel. Watch. He’s (9)_________ the
damaged panel with new one.

What are these people doing?
Exercise 131 Describe the pictures using the verbs in the box in the present continuous tense.
activate carry examine insert put raise

receive replace rotate run step strip
1 He’s replacing the spark plugs. (B)

2 They’re carrying some batteries. (K)
3 She’s ___________________________________________________ the wheel.
4 They __________________________________________________the generator.
5 She ____________________________________________________off the old paint.
6 He_____________________________________________________ the alarm.
7 He ______________________________________________________a key.
8 She ____________________________________________________a training course.
9 He ______________________________________________________the car.
10 She __________________________________________________on the alarm pad.
11 He ______________________________________________________on a fire suit.
12 She____________________________________________________ a mobile signal.

(Simple Present) v.s. (Present continuous).
(Habitual activities) v.s. (Temporary activities).
Exercise 132 Choose the simple present or the present continuos.
1. The wheel-jack mechanics lower / raise the car off the ground.
2. They put the new wheel on the car and tighten / loosen the nuts.
3. You pull / press the cord to start the motor.
4. I report to / supervise a team of five technicians.
5. John operates / replaces the machines and checks them daily for any problems.
6. Fran Neumann is working / works for a car manufacturing company in Santiago. He is visiting /
visits a factory in Buenos Aires this week.
7. They are planning / plan to go to Brazil this year. They are having / have their car annual meeting
in August every autumn.
8. I normally am operating / operate the drilling equipment, but I am training / train new pump man at
the moment.
9. I am / hope to meet the chief mechanic next week. We are discussing / are going to discuss the
new pit stop procedures.
10. They want to make / are making a new robot. They finish / are finishing it by next year.

Exercise 133 There’s a problem with the forklift truck. Say what’s going wrong.
“I’m pressing the pedal, but the truck is

not going faster.”
1. The truck driver is pressing (press) the accelerator truck, but the truck is not going
(not go) faster.
2. He ______________________ (pull) the lever back, but the forks
_____________________________________________________(not rise).
3. The chief mechanic ______________________(push down) the brake pedal, but
the truck _______________________________________________(not slow).
4. Mario ______________________(slide) the lever forwards, but the forks
__________________________________________________(not tilt) upwards.
5. Sebastian ______________________(pull) the direction lever backwards, but the
truck___________________________________________________(not reverse).
6. Alfredo ______________________(move) the direction lever forwards, but the truck
____________________________________________________(not go) forwards.

Check your vocabulary
Exercise 134 Guess the device from its description. There’s one extra option.
1 This item covers the head and protects it. Skateboarders use it
2 This tool has handles and jaws. It can grip nuts and bolts. It pulls nails out.
3. This equipment converts (or changes) sunlight into electricity.
4. You rotate these items onto bolts. You tighten them with a spanner.
5. This item receives radio and TV signals. You can see it on a house or a car.
.
Exercise 135 Identify the equipment from the description
1. It converts energy from the Sun into heat or electricity

2. It pushes water around a water supply system, or around a car engine.
3. It blows cold air onto a car radiator and cools the water inside it.
4. It controls the temperature of water or air in a heating or cooling system.
Thermostat
Fan Pump Solar
panel
Exercise 136 Match 1 – 5 with a – e.

1 Open a the engine.
2 Remove and replace b the cover.
3 Plug in c the lever.
4 Turn on d the lead.
5 Pull e the fuse.

Comparatives
Observe these four structures to compare steel and cast iron.
Steel Cast iron
Steel is as useful as cast iron

almost as useful as
almost as useful a material as
Steel is stronger than cast iron

far stronger
slightly stronger
more expensive
much more expensive
Cast iron is weaker than steel

less expensive
a much less expensive material
a much less expensive material to produce

Exercise 137 Read this passage, and then complete the sentences below:
There are three main materials used in making pipes: metal, rubber and plastic. Metal is stronger than
rubber or plastic. It is also heavier and more rigid than rubber or plastic. Rubber is the most flexible of the
three materials, but it is also the weakest. The lightest of the three materials is plastic. It is also the least
expensive than either metal or rubber.
Exercise 138 Now complete these sentences. Use the correct form of one of the words in brackets.
Example : (a) Rubber is weaker than metal or plastic.
(a) Rubber is ___________than metal or plastic. (strong / weak)
(b) Rubber is also ______ _______than the other two materials. (flexible / rigid)
(c) The ___________ of the three materials is metal. (strong / weak)
(d) The ________ ___________ of the three material is plastic (expensive)
(e) Plastic is ___________than metal. (heavy / light)
(f) Metal is the ___________ of the three materials. (heavy / light)
Exercise 139 Now complete these sentences. Use the correct form of cheap and expensive.
1. The white car is ___________________________of all the cars.
2. The grey car is ___________________________the white car.
3. The white car is ___________________________the black car.
4. The black car is ___________________________of all the cars.
The white car

costs £5,000, the
grey car costs
£10,000 and the
black car costs
£20,000.

Exercise 140 Use the picture and the words in the box to complete the text.
greatest softest quickest
smallest hardest slowest
Hard steel is the hardest material in the table. Drills for hard steel have the (1)_______________
point angle and the (2)_________________ helix angle. They have the (3)_________________
spiral. Aluminum is the (4) __________________ material in the table. Drills for alluminum have
the (5)_________________helix angle and the (6)__________________point angle. They have
the (7)____________________spiral.
_
Types of drill for different metals

Exercise 141 Tick the words and phrases that you remember. Check the others in your
dictionary.
NOUNS NOUNS (other) VERBS ADJECTIVES
(vehicle)
4x4 Catalogue Board classic
accelaration coin cancel coal-fired
cab hire complain external
clearance mode cruise normal
combination nanometre idle portable
consumption nanotube tow rapid
cruising nuclear power rechargeable
speed
diesel propeller standard
dimensión purchase unleaded
fleet recommendation IRREGULAR
idle speed strength COMPARATIVES
luggage tender AND
performance transistor SUPERLATIVES
petrol weakness better
roof rack wingspan best
steel wheel world record worse
rim worst
storage farther
capacity farthest
trailer further
van furthest
vehicle more
wheelbase most
less
least
Exercise 142 Label the parts of the vehicle with words from the Chart.

Exercise 143 Choose the correct comparative expression in the text.
Which is the better fuel for a car? is it petrol or diesel? Petrol is (1) more common / commoner because
it makes a car go (2) faster / more fast than diesel. It’s also much (3) less noisy / less noisier than
diesel. Diesel usually costs less than petrol, and you can travel for more
kilometers per litre, because diesel has about 10% more energy per litre
than petrol. But diesel engines are (4) more noisy / noisier and (5)
heavier / more heavy than petrol ones, although they last longer. From
an environmental point of view, diesel oil is(6) more good / better than
petrol, because the exhaust from diesel engines produces less pollution. It’s also (7) more safe / safer.
Because diesel is (8) combustibler / more combustible than petrol, it’s less likely to catch fire in an
accident. A newer fuel; LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas), makes cars go as fast as petrol, but produces less
energy per liter. However, LPG is becoming very popular in some countries because it’s the (9) least
harmful / less harmful / most harmful to the environment compared with diesel or petrol. Of the three
types of fuel (LPG, petrol and diesel) , cars that use LPG emit the (10) most small / smallest amount of
pollution from their exhaust. LPG is also the (11) cleanest / most cleanest / least clean when you’re
filling the car, because the gas is completely sealed. There are two more strengths of LPG: it’s the (12)
quietest / most quiet fuel, and the (13) most expensive / least expensive of the three. LPG engines
are about the same weight as petrol ones, but they’re much (14) more durable / less durable.

Section 7 : The engine has been serviced..
6.1.1.- Reconoce el vocabulario técnico, a

partir de la organización de frases de
6.1.- Aplica, eficazmente, instrucciones del manual.
técnicas de lectura de manuales, 6.1.2.- Interpreta textos de manuales en
a partir de la identificación del inglés, en base a su comprensión de la
vocabulario técnico, las información, a partir de la organización
estructuras gramaticales y la textual, el vocabulario técnico y las
organización del texto técnico. estructuras gramaticales de imperativo,
presente perfecto y voz pasiva del manual.
Utiliza textos de la especialidad en inglés (manuales). Incremento del vocabulario técnico

Glosario con terminología de palabras y frases frecuentes en manuales de la especialidad
Utiliza textos de la especialidad en inglés Incremento del vocabulario técnico Glosario con
terminología de palabras y frases frecuentes en manuales de la especialidad. Tipo de
información en manuales de la especialidad. Organización de la información en manuales.
Técnicas de skimming y scanning. Identificar voz pasiva
Conectores lógicos de razón: because, for , since.. Marcadores de período de tiempo o
momento junto al presente perfecto for/since: Glosario con terminología de palabras y
frases frecuentes en manuales de la especialidad. Tipo de información en manuales de la
especialidad. Organización de la información en manuales
Técnicas de skimming y scanning.
Passive Voice
La oración comienza primero con la acción y luego se menciona a quien hizo la acción.
La carrocería del auto es pintada por 5 robots
The car body is painted by 5 robots = Oración en Voz pasiva

robots painte
Subject be + past participled agent

Voz Pasiva en Contextos Técnicos
The mechanic is changing a wheel on his car. The nuts are loosened.
Exercise 144 Make sentences. Transform into passive voice.
Example: (a) The wheel nuts are loosened.
(a) You loosen the wheel nuts.

………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) You turn the handle clockwise.

………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) You open the door.

………………………………………………………………………………………..
(d) You tighten the screw.

……………………………………………………………………………………….
(e) You fill the bucket.

………………………………………………………………………………………..
(f) You push the lever forwards.

………………………………………………………………………………………..
(g) You pull the handle.

………………………………………………………………………………………..
(h) You press the button.

………………………………………………………………………………………..

Learn these verbal forms in passive.
squeeze squeezed
Turn turned
lower lowered
open opened replace +d replaced
tighten tightened remove removed
fill +ed filled raise raised
push pushed
Irregular verbs
pull pulled put put
press pressed Sin
terminación
stop stopped take taken
ed.
Exercise 145 Complete the blanks. Transform the verbs in bolds. Use the verbs above.
Lista de oraciones en Voz Pasiva. Lista de oraciones como instrucción.
1. The wheel nuts are 1 Loosen the wheel nuts with a spanner.
loosened with a spanner
.
2. The car is _________with a jack. 2. Raise the car with a jack.
3. The wheel nuts are taken off. 3. __________off the wheel nuts.
4. The wheel _____ ______________. 4. Remove the wheel.
5. A new wheel is put on. 5. ______________a new wheel on.
6. The wheel nuts ______ ____________. 6. Replace the wheel nuts.
7. The car is lowered and the jack is 7. __________the car and take away the jack.
______ ______.
8. The wheel nuts _____ ___________. 8. Tighten the wheel nuts.

Subject Be Verb in past participle Complement
(cuando se habla de un objeto) (este verbo es regular (dice con que se

porque termina en ED) suelta la tuerca
de la rueda)
The wheel nut is loosened with a spanner
(cuando se mencionan varios (este verbo es irregular, por (dice como se
objetos) eso no termina en ED) instalan los
neumáticos)
The tyres
are put on one by one
Exercise 146 Transform the following sentences into passive voice
1. The foot presses the pedal.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. The pedal pushes the piston A down.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The piston A squeezes the oil.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. The oil pushes piston B outwards.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. Piston B pushes the brake shoe against the wheel.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The wheel stops.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Exercise 147 Complete the sentences with these verbs in past participle. Use the dictionary.
bent cracked cut dented scratched torn
1 The side of the box is __________________
2 The lenses of the goggles are __________________.
3 The surface of the road is __________________.
4 The insulation of the cable is __________________ .
5 The pipe below the tank is __________________ .
6 The overalls are __________________.

Examples of passive
voice.
Selfie is clicked by a mechanic.
Selfies are clicked by mechanics.

Exercise 148 Use the words and the verbs in the box to complete the text about antifreeze.
Palabras de Verbose en Terminaciones Verbos en pasado

secuencia presente o sufijos participio
First prevent prevented

finally open opened
Next pour +ed poured
At this stage screw screwed
Then unscrew unscrewed
use used
use +d used
increase increased
Antifreeze (1) __________________to prevent the water in the
radiator from freezing. Rust (2) __________________from
building up in the radiator system by the use of antifreeze.
Also, the boiling point of the water in the cooling system (3)
__________________ . (4) __________________ the bonnet of
the car (5) __________________ (6) __________________the
cap of the reservoir (7) __________________ (8)
__________the antifreeze (9) __________________ into the
reservoir.
(10) __________________, a funnel (11)
__________________to avoid spilling antifreeze onto the car.
(12) __________________after pouring in the correct amount,
the cap (13) __________________back on.

Exercise 149 Translate these instructions.
Servicing a car battery

Open the bonnet of the car. Locate the battery
Loosen the battery cables, using a wrench. Remove the battery
cables from the posts.
Always remove the negative (or earth) cable first, then the
positive.
Carefully lay the detached ends of the cables to one side.
Wipe away corrosion from the top of the battery, using baking
soda and water.
If corrosion is very heavy, you can clean it from the posts using
a wire brush.
Apply petroleum jelly to the inside of the terminals and the
posts.
Reattach the cables. Close the car bonnet.

Exercise 150 Complete this set of instructions as a paragraph. Use the chart below.
First the bonnet of the car is opened and the battery is located. Then the
battery cables 1)_______loosened, using a wrench. Then these are 2)_____________from the posts.
Remember, the negative (or earth) cable is removed first. The detached ends of the cables are
carefully 3) ____________ to one side. Corrosion from the top of the battery is 4)____________away,
using baking soda and water. If corrosion is very heavy, it can be 5) _________ from the posts using a
wire brush. Petroleum jelly is 6) __________to the inside of the terminals and the posts. Finally the
cables are 7) ______________and the car bonnet is 8) __________
Exercise 151 Complete the verbs in past participle. Observe the example in bold.
Open abrir Opened abierto

Locate localizar Located
Loosen soltar Loosened
Remove sacar +ed Removed
Close cerrar Closed
Wipe limpiar Wiped
Apply aplicar Applied
Reattach reconectar Reattached
Can clean poder limpiar Can be cleaned
Lay dejar laid

Exercise 152 Are these sentences written in Active Voice or Passive Voice? Choose A or B.
How to clean a spark plug

1 First of all, the spark plug is taken off.
a) Active Voice
b) Passive Voice
2 You loosen the spark plug with a special wrench.

a) Active Voice
b) Passive Voice
3 Then he removes the spark plug from the socket.

a) Active Voice
b) Passive Voice
4 The spark plug is cleaned using a wire brush.

a) Active Voice
b) Passive Voice
5 The mechanic replaces the spark plug in the socket.

a) Active Voice
b) Passive Voice
6 The spark plug is tightened and the wrench is used.

a) Active Voice
b) Passive Voice
7 Tom puts the cover back on the spark plug.

a) Active Voice
b) Passive Voice

Exercise 153 Rewrite this process using the passive and the words/ phrases in the boxes.
Verb Participle
open opened
clean +ed cleaned
pull pulled
add added
put -- put
How to check and add brake fluid in a car

1 Open the bonnet and locate the brake master cylinder.
It’s at the back of the engine.
2 Clean the top of the cap to stop any dirt from entering the cylinder.
3 Pull off the cap and check fluid level.
4 Add brake fluid up to the marked “full.”
5 Put the cap back on, tighten it and close the bonnet.
1First the bonnet is _____________and the brake master cylinder is _____________________.
2 Next, the top of the cap ___________________to stop any dirt from entering the cylinder.
3 The cap is _______________off and the fluid level is ____________________
4 Now, the brake fluid is _____________up to the marked “full”.
5 Finally, the cap is put back on, tightened and the bonnet is ________________

Use of Can or Can’t in Passive Voice. (Review)
Look at these examples:

This tool can be used for cutting wood.
This tool can’t be used for cutting metal
Exercise 154 Now complete these sentences in the same way. Use can be used or can’t be
used.
(Ver detalles de la Voz pasiva en página 83 )
This tool …………………..for cutting screws.
This tool …………………for turning bolts.
This instrument ……………..for measuring temperature.
This file ………………….for cleaning spark plugs.
This instrument ……………..for measuring weight.
This instrument ……………..for drawing circles.

The present perfect
El presente perfecto se forma con have / has + past participle.
Se puede usar el presente perfecto para referirse a acciones recientes.
Mi auto se ha averiado. He cambiado el neumático.

My car has broken down. I’ve changed the tyre.
Exercise 155 Check you know the past participle of these verbs. Which ones are irregular?
buy check crash fall order put repair

sell send speak steal take write
Exercise 156 Match the material with the problem. Use a dictionary if necessary.
1 The rubber ring a has broken down.

2 The brushes b has corroded.
3 The canvas belt c have worn down.
4 The component d has perished.
5 The metal casing e has rotted.
6 The engine f has failed.
Exercise 157 Use your dictionary and complete the sentences with the most suitable word
from the box.
lubricated tripped blown snapped leak loose

crashed expand fault jammed cursor restore
Example: the fuse has _____blown _____.
A. I think you should ________________the memory.

B. My computer has ________________ .
C. The gearing mechanism has ________________ again.
D. Can you help me ________________ the data?
E. The safety switch has ________________ .
F. The blade has ________________ off.
G. My mouse isn’t working. I can’t move the ________________.
H. There has been an oil ________________ .
I. The bolt has worked ________________.
J. I think there is a ________________ in the program.
K. Have you ________________ all the moving parts?

Sensor functions
Exercise 158 Complete the sentences about the functions of the sensors with verbs from the box.
activate allow contain detect ensure give prevent provide report send
1. Current vehicles contain 50 – 100 sensors and this

number is continually growing.
2. These sensors ________________ vehicles to listen

and react to the environment around them.
3. Electronic sensors ________________that new

vehicles are the safest cars on the road.
4. Quick – reaction crash sensors ________________

the airbags and the tension on the seatbelt.
5. Outside temperature sensors ________________a

signal when there is a risk of ice.
6. Engine management system sensors ________________information on exhaust gas quality.
7. Seat occupancy detectors ________________ the passenger seat airbags from opening in the event
of an accident if the seat is empty or if a child’s seat is fitted.
8. Acceleration sensors ________________ if the vehicle is lifting off its vertical axis and if it needs to
apply the brakes to one, two or three wheels.
9. Height sensors ________________approaching vehicles and automatically adjust the headlamps to

prevent oncoming drivers from being blinded.
10. When combined with the Global Positioning System (GPS), sensors ________________the driver his
or her location.

Electrical Instruments
THE INSTRUMENTS IN A CAR
All vehicles require certain instruments to provide information for the driver. For instance,
every car has a speedometer to indicate its speed. It also has a fuel gauge to indicate the
amount of fuel in the petrol tank. Many cars also have a tachometer (or revolution
counter) to indicate the engine speed (in rpm). They may also have an ammeter to
indicate if the battery is charging or discharging.
Fig. 8b shows an instrument panel. What information does it provide for the driver?
The speedometer is indicating zero kph. The car is not moving. The engine is turning at
minimum speed (approximately 750 rpm). As the engine is only turning slowly, the
alternator is also turning slowly. It is not producing enough current for the engine.
Therefore the battery must supply some of the necessary current. The battery is
discharging and so the ammeter is indicating about -5 A.

Fig. 8c provides the driver with different information. The car is now moving at 60 kph.
The engine is turning at 2500 rpm and so the alternator is turning quite fast. It is
producing a strong current for the engine and so the battery is no longer needed to
supply electricity. The battery is now recharging from the alternator and so the ammeter
is indicating +10 A. After a short time, the battery will be fully charged again.
Fig. 8d indicates a fault. The car is now moving at 90 kph. The engine is turning at a
speed of 4500 rpm. However, the alternator is not producing any current. The ammeter is
indicating -20 A. In other words, the battery is discharging rapidly although the engine is
turning at high speed. Therefore, the alternator is not producing any power and the
battery is discharging at 20 A. So, unless the fault is put right or the engine stopped, the
battery will soon become completely discharged. The electrical items, such as the
headlights, should be switched off as soon as possible. When they are switched off and
the engine is stopped the ammeter will read zero and the needle will point vertically.

Exercise 159 Check the following statements from the text. If they are false, rewrite them.
1. All cars have a speedometer and a fuel gauge.

2. All cars have a tachometer and an ammeter.
3. A tachometer indicates the speed of the engine.
4. When the car is not moving, the tachometer will always indicate zero (see Fig. 8b).
5. When the ammeter is indicating -5 A, the battery is supplying current to the engine
(see Fig. 8b).
6. The battery is now fully charged (Fig. 8c).
7. The battery is now completely discharged (Fig. 8d).
8. The battery recharges the alternator.
9. The engine speed determines the speed of the alternator.
10. Only one of the instrument panel above indicates a fault.
Exercise 160 Look. What is happening in these drawings?
Use the verbs (remember present continuous:) in brackets.
The engine ………………………………(turn)

The driver…………………………………(push)
The car ……………………………………(move)
2
The engine………………………….(overheat)
The water …………………………..(boil)
Steam ………………………………..(escape)

Exercise 161 Study the two examples. Different verb forms are used.
This car carries (OR can carry) four passengers.
This car is carrying four passengers.
Exercise 162 Make similar sentences from the drawing below. Use the correct verb form.

Exercise 163 Complete the following paragraph from the wordlist.
because efficient instance soon

although either charge still
convert generate require supply
The battery in a car can only provide enough electricity to 1……………..the engine for a short time.
If the headlights are switched on when the engine is not running, the battery will 2……………..
become completely discharged.
Every car requires a separate electrical device to 3…………….. electricity, both to supply the
engine and to 4……………..the battery. This electrical generator may be 5……………..an alternator
or a dynamo. Most modern cars now have an alternator but a few a cars 6……………..have
dynamos.
Modern cars 7……………..much more electrical power than earlier vehicles. Alternators were fitted
into most new cars after about 1965 8……………..they are much cheaper than dynamos. For
9……………..., alternators provide a much stronger current at low engine speeds. Dynamos are not
very 10……………..when they are only turning slowly. However, alternators generate Alternating
Current 11 ……………..car engines and batteries require Direct Current. If a car has an alternator, a
separate device must also be fitted to 12…………..A.C. into D.C. This device is called a rectifier.
a tachometer a trailer indicate fast

a rev(olution) counter a window clean soon
an ammeter a rectifier pull for instance
a driver an item discharge after
a panel Alternating Current (A.C.) travel
a passenger Direct Current (D.C.)

Cooling systems
Exercise 164 Reading. Label the diagram with the words in the box.
bottom hose / engine / radiator / thermostat / top hose / water pump
Which words in the text do these words refer to?
1 This (line 6) a) hot water b) thermostat c) temperature
2 it (line 7) a) engine b) thermostat c) water
3 Here (line 8) a) top hose b) radiator c) fan
4 It (line 10) a) water b) radiator c) bottom hose
Exercise 165 Make true sentences. Use the correct verb form.
(1) The water pump control (s) the radiator to the engine
(2) The thermostat connect (s) air onto the radiator
(3) The two hoses push (es) the hot water from the engine
(4) The radiator cool(s) water around the engine
(5) The fan blades flow (s) to the bottom of the radiator
(6) Cool water rise (s) the temperature of the water
(7) Hot water sink(s) through the two hoses
(8) Water blow (s) to the top of the engine.
___________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 166 With your partner or group, number these diagrams in the correct order.
Exercise 167 Read this description of the four – stroke cycle.

1 BEFORE THE CYCLE BEGINS. The cycle begins at the top dead center (TDC). Here the piston is
furthest away from the crankshaft. There are four strokes of the piston.
INTAKE STROKE. The crankshaft rotates. This makes the piston move down the cylinder, away from
the valves. At the same time, the cam above the intake valve rotates. This makes the valve move
5 downwards, which opens the intake port. As the piston moves down, fuel is sucked into the cylinder
through this inlet.
COMPRESSION STROKE. As the crankshaft rotates, it makes the piston move up the chamber
towards the valves. Simultaneously, the cam above the intake valve rotates and allows it to close.
Both valves are now closed. As the piston moves up towards the valves, it compresses the fuel.
10 IGNITION. Now the piston is once again at TDC. The compressed fuel is ignited by the spark plug,
and there is a small explosion at the top of the cylinder.
POWER STROKE. Immediately after this, the gases expand in the cylinder , which pushes the piston
downwards. This makes the crankshaft rotate and provide torsion to drive the wheels of the vehicle.
EXHAUST STROKE. As the crankshaft rotates, it pushes the piston up the cylinder. At the same time,
15 the cam above the exhaust valve pushes the valve downwards. This opens the exhaust port, and the
burnt gases are pushed out.
The cycle is repeated thousands of times per minute.
Exercise 168 Find words in the text that mean the same as these phrases.
1 at the same time (one word)

2 twisting force (one word)
3 inlet which allows fuel to enter the cylinder (two word)
4 device which moves to allow gases to escape (two words)

Exercise 169 Reading comprehension.
BATTERY CHARGERS
A car battery can easily become discharged if there is an electrical fault in the car. If the fan belt is
broken, for example the battery may become discharged in quite a short time. If the light is left on while
the car is not in use, the battery will also become discharged.
A battery (D.C.) cannot be recharged directly from the mains (A.C.) A battery charger is needed to rectify
the A.C. to D.C. and to reduce the voltage to 12 V. Before charging the battery, remove all the filler plugs.
While the battery is charging, hydrogen will be produced. This
gas cannot escape easily from the battery if the filler plugs are
not removed.
When connecting the crocodile clips to the battery, check the

connections. The positive clip must be connected to the
positive terminal and the negative clip to the negative terminal.
Make sure the clips are connected before switching on the
charger. After charging, switch off the charger before
disconnecting the clips.
Below, there is a description of a battery as it is charging.
Charging started eight hours ago. During the first hour, the ammeter
needle was indicating 5 A (i.e. the battery was being charged at the
maximum rate). During the second and third hours, the ammeter was
indicating about 4.5 A (i.e. the rate of charging was decreasing slowly).
During the next two hours, the charging rate was decreasing more
rapidly. After five hours, the rate was only 2 A. After eight hours, the
ammeter is now indicating 0.5 A. The battery is almost fully charged in about an hour from now.
Note: while a battery is being charged it will “gas”, i.e. hydrogen will be produced in the electrolyte.
Hydrogen is a highly flammable gas. Do not smoke near a battery while it is being charged.

Exercise 170 Read the article about the hybrid car. Which two things make the wheels go
round?
Hybrid cars
1 You drive a hybrid car like an ordinary car. When you slow down the electric car, this
2 motor turns into a generator, which recharges the batteries. At traffic lights, the petrol
engine switches off. Take your foot off the brake and the car starts, using
4 only its electric motor to provide maximum acceleration.
A hybrid car is more energy- efficient than one with a petrol engine alone. You can
6 travel twice as far on 1 litre of petrol than in a petrol-driven car. In addition, the quantity of
CO, that comes out of the exhaust is about 1 tonne less per year from a
8 hybrid. Acceleration from 1 – 100kph is 10.9 seconds, which is the same as for a 2 litre
petrol engine.
10 Hybrid car owners pay less tax, and they have lower fuel consumption too. In addition to
all this, they get a quiet car with good performance.
Exercise 171 Reading Comprehension: What do these words refer to? (application of
scanning and skimming techniques).
1 which (line 2) a) the functioning b) slowing down c) a generator
of the electric
1 which (line 2) a) the functioning of the electric motor b) slowing down
motor b) the brake
2 its (line 4) a) the car c) your foot
2 its (line 4) a) the car b) the brake c) Your foot
3 3 one
one(line
(line5)5) a) a car
a) a car b) energy b) Energy c) a
c)hybrid car car
A hybrid
4 4 that
that(line
(line
7)7) a) 1 tonne
a) of
1 tonne
CO2 b) ofthe
CO2quantity
b)of CO
The2 quantity of c) CO
c) 2 CO2
5 which (line 8) a) the given acceleration b) the given COspeed
2 c) the given time
5 which (line 8) a) the given b) The given c) The given time
6 they (line 10) a) less tax b) car owners c) hybrid car owners
acceleration speed
6 they (line10) a) less tax b) Car owners c) Hybrid car owners

Zero Emission
Exercise 172 Add the headings in the box to the sections. Then underline the right verbs to
complete the press release about a hybrid car.
Advantages Components Need Problems Solution Technology
1 Need. Greenhouse gas emissions, e.g. CO2 and nitrous oxide, must be
(1) reduced / improved to avoid global warning. Petrol engines (2) absorb / consume
too much fossil fuel.
2 ________________Electric – only vehicles can be (3) used / generated, but their

batteries are too heavy and their range is too limited
3 ________________. Hybrid cars (4) propose / combine a petrol engine and an

electric motor into one system. The motor (5) performs / provides high torque in the low
rpm range, while the engine (6) delivers / propels extra power at the higher rpm range.
4 ________________The hybrid car is (7) based / solved on two technologies, the gas /
petrol engine, and the electric motor, with generator and battery.
5 ________________Hybrids (8) withstand / emit less CO2 , than petrol vehicles.

The engine can (9) run / transmit on gas, petrol or bio – fuel. The battery (10)
recharges / generates itself, so no extra electrical cables are needed.
6 ________________. The battery is (11) suspended / positioned between the two rear
wheels. The generator and inverter / converter are (12) located / mounted beneath the
floor and provide power for the electric motor. They also recharge the battery when
required. The petrol engine and the electric motor are (13) located / mounted onto the
chassis. The power split device is placed next to the engine. This transfers part of the
power (14) consumed / produced by the engine to drive the wheels, and the rest to the
generator , either to (15) recharge / maximize the battery or to (16) power / increase the
electric motor.

Vehicle crash tests
Exercise 173 Read this article and complete the statements below using these words
acceleration, load, motion.
Two different crash test dummies are used in standard European vehicle crash tests. The first dummy
is used for front impact crashes, and the second one is a side impact crash dummy. The dummies,
which are made of steel, aluminum and rubber, contain many sensors.
Three types of sensing equipment are used: acceleration

sensors, load sensors and motion sensors. The dummy heads
contain three accelerometers (single direction acceleration
sensors) which are set at right angles (forward-backward, up-
down, and left-right). The dummy necks contain load sensors
to detect the bending forces, shear forces and tension forces,
which put pressure on the neck in a crash. The dummy legs
has steel ribs fitted with motion sensors which record side
chest deflection (or inwards movement), and load sensors to
measure compression forces on the chest.
Three types of sensors are used in crash test dummies:
1 ________________________ sensors measure deflection (inward movement) of a body part during

a crash.
2 ________________________sensors measure how much a body part increases or decreases
speed during a crash.
3 ________________________ sensors measure the force or pressure on different body parts during
a crash.

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Mecánica

Page 1 ESCUELA DE MECANICA Y ELECTROMOVILIDAD – INACAP RENCA

A. What are these?

B. Are these true or false? Correct the false sentences.

Page 2 ESCUELA DE MECANICA Y ELECTROMOVILIDAD – INACAP RENCA

Every two weeks weekly

Hardly ever frequently

Once a year once a day

Every week rarely

On a daily basis fornightly

D. Match the words with the numbers:

E. Complete this: Example : (a) length________long

Page 3 ESCUELA DE MECANICA Y ELECTROMOVILIDAD – INACAP RENCA

1 Engineer engine engineering

H. Fill in the gaps.

Page 4 ESCUELA DE MECANICA Y ELECTROMOVILIDAD – INACAP RENCA

Blinker ____________________ Headlight ____________________

Page 5 ESCUELA DE MECANICA Y ELECTROMOVILIDAD – INACAP RENCA

1.1.3.- Categoriza palabras ya sea en

Now replace each rectangle with a mechanic term.

Page 6 ESCUELA DE MECANICA Y ELECTROMOVILIDAD – INACAP RENCA

Camshaft pulley ____________________ Intake manifold ____________________

Cylinder head ____________________ Rubber grommets ____________________

Distributor O´ring ____________________ Oil pan ____________________

Drain bolt crush … ____________________ Cylinder head ____________________

washer ____________________ cover gasket ____________________

Exhaust manifold ____________________ Oil filter ____________________

Exhaust manifold ____________________ Water pump gasket ____________________

gasket ____________________ ____________________

Oil pan gasket ____________________ Engine block ____________________

Timing belt drive ____________________ Intake manifold ____________________

pulley ____________________ gasket ____________________

Page 7 ESCUELA DE MECANICA Y ELECTROMOVILIDAD – INACAP RENCA

Page 8 ESCUELA DE MECANICA Y ELECTROMOVILIDAD – INACAP RENCA

Concrete noun Abstract noun

Page 9 ESCUELA DE MECANICA Y ELECTROMOVILIDAD – INACAP RENCA

costs more than replacement of all electronics.

1) a) this b) they c) that

Page 10 ESCUELA DE MECANICA Y ELECTROMOVILIDAD – INACAP RENCA

1. Fire…… 4. Boots …………. 8. Gloves………..

2. Machine……. 5. Guard…………. 9. Goggles……….

3. Helmet ……… 6. toolboard ……. 10.Match………….

Exercise 3 Parts of a car

a) Tyre….. c) Roof….. e) Window…..

b) Wheel….. d) Door…… f) Floor ………

Page 11 ESCUELA DE MECANICA Y ELECTROMOVILIDAD – INACAP RENCA

device instrument system tool vehicle technician

4 A disk brake is a ________________________

Exercise 5 More tools in the workshop.

Page 12 ESCUELA DE MECANICA Y ELECTROMOVILIDAD – INACAP RENCA

Wheel ____ Calendar ____ Headlight ____

Gloves ____ Hammer ____ Lever ____

Mechanic ____ Drawers ____ License plate ____

Door ____ Bonnet ____ Spanners ____

Page 13 ESCUELA DE MECANICA Y ELECTROMOVILIDAD – INACAP RENCA

BOX SPANNER DIPSTICK GEAR LEVER JACK

SCREWDRIVER TYRE VALVE WHEEL GUN WIRE BRUSH

Exercise 8 Some other types of tools.

adapter antenna bolts cable chisel nuts

TOOLS ELECTRICAL FIXINGS

Page 14 ESCUELA DE MECANICA Y ELECTROMOVILIDAD – INACAP RENCA

1 You can use a s ______________________ ( anpsner) to loosen and tighten nuts.

2 You can use a h_______________________ ( aehmrm) to strike pieces of metal.

Blinker Headlight

Camshaft pulley Intake manifold

Cylinder head Rubber grommets

Distributor O´ring Oil pan

Drain bolt crush … Cylinder head

washer cover gasket

Exhaust manifold Oil filter

Exhaust manifold Water pump gasket

gasket

Oil pan gasket Engine block

Timing belt drive Intake manifold

pulley gasket

Wheel Calendar Headlight

Gloves Hammer Lever

Mechanic Drawers License plate

Door Bonnet Spanners

_________. _. _. _________.

_________, a_ and a _________.

Steering gear _ Steering wheel _

Gear box _ Rack and pinion _

Worm gear _ Pitman shaft _

Grooves _ Steering linkage _

Pinion gear _ Tie rods _

Rack gear _ Steering knuckle _

Linear motion _ Hydraulic pressure _

Steering column _ Tie rod joints _

Drive shafts _ Rear – wheel – drive _

Yokes _ Fore and aft _

Drive gear _ CV joints _