MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

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WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer

Subject Name: Power Engineering & Refrigeration Subject Code: 22562

Important Instructions to examiners: XXXXX
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The
figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent
figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values
may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual
(English + Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year
2021-2022. Hence if the students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or
bilingual language (English +Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer
based on matching of concepts with model answer.

Q. Sub Answer Marking

No. Q. Scheme
N.

1. Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10

a) Define : i)Indicating Power ii) Octane Number 2 Marks

Sol. i) Indicated Power: The total power developed by combustion of fuel in the combustion 1 mark
chamber is called indicated power.

ii) Octane Number: a number that is used to measure the antiknock properties of a liquid
1 mark
motor fuel (such as gasoline)
b) 2 marks
Name the components used in Vapour compression refrigeration Cycle
Sol. ½ mark for
i) Compressor
each
ii) Condenser component

iii) Capillary (Expansion device )

iv) Evaporator

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WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION

Model Answer

Subject Name: Power Engineering & Refrigeration Subject Code: 22562

Q. Su Answer XXXXX
Marking
No b Scheme
. Q.
N.

1. c) Define BSFC and state its unit.

Sol. Brake specific fuel consumption is the ratio of a mass flow rate of the fuel supplied to the engine to 2 marks
the brake power obtained at a crankshaft and it indicates how efficiently the fuel is used to produce
brake power.

BSFC = Mass flow rate of fuel (m)/ BP

d) Define the term FAD
Sol. Actual volume of the air delivered by the compressor when reduced to normal temperature
and pressure is known as Free air delivered (FAD) OR Free air delivery (FAD) is the enlarged volume 2 marks
of air that the compressor releases into the network within a given measure of time

e) State any two application of gas turbine .

Sol. 1. It is used for electric power generation.

2 Marks
2. It is used for locomotive propulsion. for any 2
3. It is used for ship propulsion.
application

4. Gas turbine is used in aircrafts.

5. It is used for supercharging for heavy duty Diesel engines.

6. Used in turbo jet and turbo-propeller engine.

7. It is used for various industrial purpose such as in steel industry, oil and other chemical industry.

f) Name the main components used in constant pressure cycle gas turbine.
2 marks for
Sol. Compressor
Any 2
Combustion Chember

Turbine

g) State any 2 advantages of “VVT-I”.

Reduce pumping losses.

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Smoother idle and low rpm running of engine. 2 Marks

Better torque and Increase fuel economy Any 2

Advantage
Reduce the emission of Nitric oxide (NOx) s
Controlling the cylinder temperature by valve overlap.

Better breathing of engine and Assist the scavenging process.

Increase engine life.

2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12

a) Represent otto cycle on P-V & T-S diagram

Sol. 1.5 Marks

for PV
diagram

1.5 Marks
for TS
Diagram

1 Mark for
labeling

b) State effect of compression ratio (Rc) on Air standard efficiency of i) Otto cycle ii) Diesel Cycle

Sol. According to thermodynamics, otto cycle & Diesel has its own P-V diagram and based on that
diagram we can derive the efficiency equation. Now compression ratio is common term in all these
cycle. Compression ratio is defined as the ratio of the total volume of the cylinder to the clearance
volume of the engine. It is a fundamental specification for many common combustion engines.

Otto cycle
For Otto cycle the equation of efficiency is given by, 2 Marks
for
equations

Diesel cycle
For Diesel cycle the equation of efficiency is given by,
2 marks for
conclusion

Where r is compression ratio

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So you can see that in in above cases the efficiency equation contains, compression ratio term, so
compression ratio is an important term in all three cases.

Higher the compression ratio, higher the efficiency.

Explain working of single stage single stage single acting compressor with neat sketch
2. c)
Working :
sol.
In a single-stage reciprocating compressor, all the compression process takes place in only 2 marks for
one cylinder. Two valves connect with the cylinder, one is an inlet or suction valve, and the explanatio
other is an outlet or delivery valve. The opening and closing of a spring or plate valve vary on n
the pressure difference. When mechanical valves use for suction and discharge, their
function controls through cams.

2 marks for
Diagram

When the piston reaches at BDC, the crankcase movement helps the piston to move upward
and compresses the air. During this compression process, there is a point where the
cylinder’s internal pressure becomes higher than the external air pressure, and at this stage,
the inlet valve closes.

An outlet connects with a storage tank. As the compressed air pressure becomes higher than
the storage tank pressure, the outlet valve opens, and compressed air is released. Therefore,
this piston stroke is known as s “Delivery Stroke”. This is a compression stroke of the single-
stage air compressor. At the end of this stroke, the outlet valve opens, and the compressed
air transfers to the the receiver.

The piston moves at a very high speed inside the cylinder and continuously exerts a force on
the cylinder. Due to this reason, the compressor life reduces. To avoid this, a slight
curvature provides at the top of the cylinder.

d)
2.
Represent joules cycle on p-v & T-s Diagram

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2 marks for
P-V
diagram &
2 Marks
for T-S
Diagram

3 Attempt Any THREE of the following. 12

State advantages of CRDI system used in CI engine.
A
Advantages Of CRDI 1 Mark for
each point
• Uniform circulation of fuel to each cylinder

• Only one pump is sufficient for circulation of fuel

• Variation of pump pressure affects all cylinder uniformly

• The arrangement of system is simple and requires less maintenance

Explain the terms:

b 2 Marks
1) Compression Ratio: Compression ratio is ratio of total cylinder volume to clearance
volume.

2) B.S.F.C: It is defined as the ratio of the mass of fuel consumed per hour for unit power 2 Marks
output (Brake power). It is designated by BSFC

It is parameter which decides the economics of power production from engine.

C
Explain with neat sketch the working of Domestic Refrigerator.

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2 marks for
Sketch

Working

 The low pressure and low temperature refrigerant vapour is sucked through the
suction line to the compressor.

 The accumulator provided between the suction line and the evaporator collects
liquid refrigerant out of the evaporator. 2 Marks
for
 The compressor then compresses the refrigerant vapour to a high pressure and high
working
temperature.

 The refrigerant flows through the discharge line into condenser. In the condenser the
vapour refrigerant at high pressure and at high temperature is condensed to the
liquid refrigerant at high pressure and low temperature.

 The high pressure liquid refrigerant then flows through the filter and then enters the
capillary tube (expansion device).

 The warm refrigerant passing through the capillary tube give some of its heat to cold
suction line vapour as capillary coil is coiled around suction line.

 The capillary tube expands the liquid refrigerant at high pressure to the liquid
refrigerant at low pressure & liquid refrigerant is passed into the evaporator.

 In the evaporator the liquid refrigerant gets evaporated by absorbing heat from the
container/ articles placed in the evaporative chamber and is sucked back into the
compressor and the cycle repeated.

D
Differentiate between theoretical Otto cycle and actual Otto cycle on PV Diagram.

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3 Marks
for PV
chart(actua
l and
theoretical
)

PV chart for Theoretical and Actual Otto cycle

Comparison between theoretical and actual Otto Cycle:

Above fig. shows both theoretical and actual PV chart for Otto Cycle

 In Theoretical Otto cycle it is observed that both suction and exhaust stroke
take place at same pressure and opening and closing of valves is either at 1 mark for
TDC or BDC explanatio
 In actual PV chart of Otto cycle suction take place at below atmospheric n
pressure. inlet valve open before TDC.
 In actual PV chart of Otto cycle inlet valve closes after BDC (at point 1)
 Ignition will start before end of compression stroke.
 Exhaust valve will open before BDC (i.e. before point 4)
Exhaust will take place above atmospheric pressure and exhaust will close after TDC.

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4 Attempt any THREE of The Following 12

2 Marks

2 Marks

B Draw the neat labeled valve timing diagram for four stroke petrol engine .

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04 marks

4
c Explain Following terms in refrigeration:

i) One tonne of refrigeration:

A tonne of refrigeration is defined as the amount of refrigeration effect produced by the

uniform melting of one tonne (1000 kg) of ice from and at 0°C in 24 hours.

Since the latent heat of ice is 335 kJ/kg

1TR = 1000 x 335 kJ in 24 hours

02
In actual practice, 1TR = 210 kJ/min or 3.5 kW (i.e. 3.5 kJ/s).

Or

A tonne of refrigeration is defined as the amount of heat required to be removed to

convert 1 tonne of water at 00C to 1 tonne of ice at 00C,within the period od 24 hours.

ii) COP:

The coefficient of performance (briefly written as C.O.P.) is the ratio of heat extracted in
the refrigerator to the work done on the refrigerant. It is also known as theoretical
coefficient of performance.

02

Q = Amount of heat extracted in the refrigerator (or the amount of refrigeration

produced, or the capacity of a refrigerator)

W = Amount of work done.

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4 D Explain Following Terms

i) Isothermal efficiency:

It is defined as, "ratio of isothermal power to the indicated power". It is also called as
compressor efficiency.

02

ii) Volumetric Efficiency:

It is the ratio of free air delivered to the displacement of the compressor. It is also the
ratio of effective swept volume to the swept volume.

02

E Explain Working of closed cycle gas turbine.

4

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2 Marks

A closed cycle gas turbine, consists of a compressor, heating chamber, gas

turbine, which drives the generator and compressor and a cooling chambers.
In this turbine, the air is compressed isentropically generally in rotary
compressor and then passed in to the heating chamber. The compressed air
is heated with the help of some external source, and made to flow over the 2 Marks
turbine, blades (Generally reaction type.) The gas while flowing over the for
explnation
blades gets expanded. From the turbine the gas is passed to the cooling
chamber where it is cooled at constant pressure with the help of circulating
water to its original temp., Now the air is made to flow into compressor
again. It is thus obvious that in a closed cycle gas turbine, the air is
continuously circulated within the turbine. A closed cycle gas turbine works
on Joule’s or Bray tons cycle.
The process 1-2 shows heating of the air in heating chamber at constant
pressure. The process 2-3 shows isentropic expansion of air in the turbine
similarly the process 3-4 shows cooling of the air at constant pressure in
cooling chamber the process 4-1 shows isentropic compression of the air in
the compressor.
Work done by the turbine per kg of air
WT = CP (T2 – T3)
And
Work required by the compressor per kg of air

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WC = CP (T2 – T3)
Now, the net work available
W = WT – WC

5 12
Attempt any TWO of the following:

03

03

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5 B

02

02

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02

5
C

Chart-02

02

01

01

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6 Attempt any TWO of the following: 12

03

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03

6
B

Chart-02

02

02

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6 c

01

01

01

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0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

01

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