Urban Infrastructure PDF

nfrastructure
Saravana – Subashree – Monisha – Thangavarshini – Janet – Kamesh – Sibi – Yuvanesh – Amar - Logeshwar
PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
WATER SUPPLY
SEWERAGE AND SANITATION
DRAINAGE
RAIN WATER HARVESTING
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
GAS SUPPLY PIPELINES
TELECOMMUNICATION
ELECTRICITY
SERVICE LEVEL BENCHMARKING
WATER SUPPLY
The objective of a public protected water supply system is to supply safe and clean water in
adequate quantity, conveniently and as economically as possible. Rising demand of water due to
rapid urbanization is putting enormous stress. While planning the water supply system for an area,
it is evident to consider water conservation aspects, which may be possible through optimal use of
available water resources, prevention and control of wastage of water and effective demand
management.
REGULATION :
➢ In urban areas, where water is provided through public stand posts, 40 lpcd should be considered.
➢ Unaccounted‐for Water (UFW) is the difference between the quantity of water supplied to a city's
network and the metered quantity of water used by the customers. UFW has two components:
(a) physical losses due to leakage from pipes, and (b) administrative losses due to illegal
connections and under registration of water meters. The above figures exclude UFW, which
should be limited to 15% for new proposed systems.
➢ Water requirement for the town/city will be 135 to 150 lpcd
➢ The water needs of the town will be partially met by making provision of Rain Harvesting
structures in all building
➢ Requirements of water for commercial, institutional and minor industries. However the bulk
supply to each establishment should be assessed separately with proper justification
➢ Piped water supplies should be designed on continuous 24 hours basis to distribute water to
consumers at adequate pressure at all points (using grid supply system of a Smart city)
➢ For towns where one storeyed building is common and for supply to the ground level storage
tanks in multi‐storeyed buildings, the minimum residual pressure at ferrule point should be 7m
for direct supply. Where two storeyed buildings -12m and three storeyed buildings -17m
➢ The consumption of water when supply is metred is less compared to that when the water
charges on flat rate basis. Hence in order to achieve optimal utilisation of water,metering is
recommended
➢ CPHEEO manual specifies design period for various components, broadly 30 years for civil works
and 15 years for electro‐mechanical works. In fixing a design period, the useful life of structures
and equipment employed, taking into account obsolescence as well as wear and tear, design
constraints, rate of population growth etc. should be incorporated and integrated with overall
planning of the city
➢ PPP should be encouraged and could be introduced in phases, either on Build, Operate and Own
(BOO) or Build, Operate, Own and Transfer (BOOT) basis. Primarily, it is possible in two ways i.e.
privatization of the existing water supply systems and secondly,privatization of systems in newly
developed townships, housing colonies, business and commercial complexes, etc.
FIRE FIGHTING
The CPHEEO Manual recommends fire‐fighting water demand as a function of population, i.e.
water demand for fire‐fighting purpose = 100√P, where P stands for forecasted population may be
adopted for communities larger than 50,000. It is desirable that one‐third of fire‐fighting
requirements from part of the service storage. The balance requirement may be distributed in
several static tanks at strategic points. These static tanks may be filled from nearby ponds, streams
or canals by water tankers wherever feasible. The pressure required for fire‐fighting would have to
be boosted by fire engines
INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS
INDUSTRIAL UNITS
STATION WATER REQUIREMENTS
➢ 15 litres per passengers (Metcalf Eddy)
➢ 455 litres per employee (ref: CPHEEO Manuals)
➢ Apron washing – 10 litres per sq meters as per Indian Railways Work Manual (IRWM)
➢ Cleaning/ mopping of platform and floor – 5 litres per sqm.
➢ Meters and greeters – 5 litres per visitor
➢ Catering – 45 litres per passengers
➢ Gardening/ Horticulture – 22500 litres per hectares
➢ Cleaning of trains on platform – 500 litres per coach
➢ Cleaning of trains in washing lanes – 3600 litres per coach
➢ Watering of trains – 1800 litres/ coach
➢ Commercial ‐45000 litres per hectares per day
➢ UFW – 15% of total demand for new system (CPHEEO)
➢ 75% of total capacity shall be filled at the station for long haul trains (passing trains)
DISTRICT METER AREA PLANNING
The method whereby flow meters are installed on all major supply lines
and strategic points within the distribution system. The meters should be used to monitor the
overall performance of the system establishing average daily flows into various districts. District
meter areas ideally consist of 2000 to 5000 properties. Size of the district meter should be such that
it is capable of recording night flow without loss of accuracy and also must be capable of supplying
peak flow without introducing serious head loss. The District Meters should be read at weekly
intervals at the same time of day as previous readings of the meter
BILLING AND COLLECTION
Revenue management system is an important aspect of any Water
supply System as it governs the financial aspect. Besides fixing a tariff structure, billing and
collection of revenue play an important part . The water charges to be fixed taking into account the
ability of the system to meet the expenditure on the following heads.
➢ Operating Cost (excluding establishment cost),
➢ Establishment Cost,
➢ Depreciation,
➢ Debt Services & Doubtful Charges,
➢ Asset replacement fund.

LEAKAGE CONTROL
The overall objective of leakage control is to diagnose how water loss is
caused and to formulate and implement action to reduce it, to technically and economically
acceptable minimal The major activities which should be taken up for efficient monitoring and
leakage control are
➢ Preliminary data collection and planning
➢ Pipe location and survey
➢ Assessment of pressure and flows
➢ Locating the leaks
➢ Assessment of leakage
LAND REQUIREMENT FOR WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
DESIGN PERIOD FOR WATER SUPPLY COMPONENTS
NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY
➢ Urban water supply and sewage treatment must be integrated along with its billing,
➢ Least water intensive sanitation and sewerage systems with decentralized sewage treatment
plants should be incentivized.
➢ Water reuse must be encouraged in urban settlements,
➢ Urban domestic water systems need to collect and publish water accounts and water audit
reports indicating leakages and pilferages, which should be reduced.
➢ In urban and industrial areas, rain water harvesting and desalinisation where techno-
economically Feasible, should be encouraged to increase availability of utilizable water.
WATER SUPPLY
DRAINAGE
TELECOMMUNICATION
ELECTRICITY
Sewerage & Sanitation
As per CPHEEO manual, 80% of water supply may be expected to reach the sewers
however it recommends designing the system by considering minimum wastewater
flow of 100 litres per capita per day.
National Urban Sanitation Policy Decentralised Wastewater Management System (DWMS)
The aim of the National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP), 2008 is to transform Urban India into
community‐driven, totally sanitized, healthy, and liveable cities and towns. DWWM has emerged over the period of time, which reduces the load of centralized
Basic features laid down in NUSP given below should be adhered for planning of the wastewater treatment unit. As per MoUD162, Decentralized wastewater
cities management
• Cities must be open defecation free may be defined as “the collection, treatment, and disposal/reuse of wastewater from
• Must eliminate the practice of manual scavenging and provide adequate personnel individual homes, clusters of homes, isolated communities, industries, or
protection equipment that addresses the safety of sanitation workers institutional facilities, as well as from portions of existing communities at or near the
• Municipal sewage and storm water drainage must be safely managed point of waste generation”.
• Recycle and reuse of treated sewage for non‐potable applications should be implemented
wherever possible
• Solid waste collected and disposed‐off fully and safely
Centralized vis‐a‐vis Decentralized Sewage Treatment
• Services to the poor and systems for sustaining results Systems
• Improved public health outcomes and environmental standards.
As per CPHEEO As per NBC 2016 VOL-2 PART 9
Appurtenances:
Cleanouts are used in place of manholes excepts at major junctions
and should be located at all upstream ends intersections of sewer lines
major changes in directions.at high points and at intervals of 60-100 m
in straight reaches to long flat sections.
Pumping may be provided to over come elevations conditions or to raise collected
wastewater from one drainage zone to another. Long pumping intervals Should be
avoided to prevent excessively surcharged conditions in the small sewers.
Recycling of Waste Water
Various sewage treatment technologies, given below, are adopted in sewerage system to treat
wastewater up to secondary level, as per the effluent standards in India as well as in other parts
of the world
Land availability plays an important role in providing such facilities. Land requirement may vary
based on the technology adopted for sewage treatment.
However, it is evident to mark the required land on development plan. It is recommended to decide
the most suitable technology in advance based on the various parameters as given in Appendix L of
Volume II B.
The salient features and comparison of these technologies in terms of their applicability, land
requirement, capital cost and operation and maintenance (O&M)
cost are given in table below.
Septage Management – Planning and Implementation163

For effective septage management plan, robust data on septage arrangements, their
quantity and locations of its generation etc. are required.
It is advisable to divide the city into different sanitary zones (if not already done) and carry out
the baseline survey in one or a few of these zones, pilot de‐sludging area wise schedules to learn
operational issues and devise solutions, before up‐scaling to the entire ULB can be taken up.
The selection of zone could be based on availability of septage disposal sites – existing STPs could
be potential septage disposal/application sites or trenches provided in solid waste landfill sites or
suitable urban forestry sites where the septage trenches would serve to fertilize the plants. In order
to be economical and financially competitive, it is suggested that households in demarcated septage
management zone should be within 20 to 30 km travel distance from the identified treatment and
disposal sites.
Recommended Norms for Public Toilets in Public Area
The general standard/guidelines for public toilets in public area and modified norms
for public toilets in public places and roads recommended in the draft CPHEEO
manual are given below.
Basic requirement of artificial recharge
A. Availability of noncommitted runoff in space and time.
B. Identification of suitable hydrogeological environment and sites for augmenting

subsurface reservoir through cost effective artificial recharge techniques.
WATER SUPPLY
DRAINAGE
TELECOMMUNICATION
ELECTRICITY
Drainage Kirpich Equation Method
As per CPHEEO manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment System, sanitary The time of concentration is defined as the time it takes for a drop of water in the
sewers are not expected to receive storm water. Strict inspection, vigilance, proper remotest point in a drainage basin to travel to the outlet.
design and construction of sewers and manholes should eliminate this flow or bring Tc= 0.01947 X L0.77 S-0.385
it down to a very insignificant quantity. Therefore, it is evident to plan a separate Where:
system to carry storm water. • Tc = Time of concentration (hours)
• L = Maximum length of water travel (m)
Estimation of Storm water runoff • S = surface slope, given by H/L (m/m)
• H = difference in elevation between the remotest point in the drainage basin and the
Rational Method outlet (m)
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines on urban flood
If most of the drainage basins are non‐natural (in urban system) with concrete or other
management has prescribed that “all future storm water drainage systems for peak smooth channels, the result should be decreased about 40 – 60%.
flow for any city should be designed after taking into consideration a runoff
Coefficient of up to 0.95164 using the rational method.
Rain Water Harvesting
Q= 10 C i A
Rain water harvesting and conservation is the activity of direct collection of rain
• Where Q is the runoff in m3/hr;
water. The conservation of rain water so collected can be stored for direct use or can
• C is the coefficient of runoff
be recharged into the ground water. The main goal is to minimise flow of rain water
• i is the intensity of in mm/hr and
through drains / nallahs to the rivers. It is a known fact that the ground water level
• A is the area drainage district in hectares.
is depleting and has gone down in the last decades.
The portion of rainfall, which finds its way to the sewer is dependent on the
imperviousness and the shape of the drainage area apart from the duration of storm.
Artificial Recharge Techniques

A variety of methods have been developed to recharge ground water.
The brief on artificial recharge methods has been given below. These methods and
detailed methodology has been explained in ‘Manual on Artificial Recharge of
Groundwater’172, prepared by Ministry of Water Resources, Central Ground Water
Board (CGWB).
1. Ditch and Furrow Method
2. Lateral Ditch Pattern
3. Dendritic Pattern
4. Contour Pattern
5. Spreading Basin or Percolation Tanks
6. Gully Plug / Check Dam / Nala Bund / Gabbion Structures
7. Dug Well Recharge
8. Recharge Shafts / Pits / Trenches
9. Artificial Recharge through Injection Well
10. Induced Recharge from Surface Water Sources
11. Subsurface Dykes / Underground Bandharas
AS PER CMDA DCR
27-A Water Conservation :-
For effective conservation of rain water, application for planning permission shall contain
water conservation proposals as detailed below :-
(a) Ordinary Buildings (Ground + 1 Floor) :-
Percolation pits of 30 centimetre diameter and 3 metres depth. These percolation pits
may be made at intervals of 3 metres centre to centre along the plinth boundary.
A dwarf wall of 7.5 centimetre height is built across the entry and exit gates to retain
water and allow it to percolate within.
(b) Special Buildings, Group Developments, Multi-Storeyed Buildings (as defined
in Development Control Rules), Industries and Institutional Buldings:-
There shall be a pebble bed of 1 meter width, 1.5 meter depth all round the building
(c) Additional Regulations for all Buildings :-
All centrally air-conditioned buildings shall have their own waste water reclamation plant
and use reclaimed waste water for cooling purposes.
A separate sump shall be constructed for storing portable water supplied by the Chennai
Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board, the volume of sump not exceeding
1,000 litres per dwelling. This sump shall be independent of other
tanks which may be constructed for storing water obtained from other sources.
27-B. Solar Energy Capture :-

New Buildings in the following categories shall be provided with the ancillary solar
assisted solar heating system and it shall be shown in the plans for developments
applied for Planning Permission :-
a) Nursing Homes / Hospitals exceeding 500 square metre in the floor area;
b) Hotels and Lodges exceeding 500 square metre in floor area;
c) Hotels exceeding 50 rooms; and
d) Kalyanamandapams exceeding 500 square metre in floor area;
WATER SUPPLY
DRAINAGE
TELECOMMUNICATION
ELECTRICITY
BROADER CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the trash or garbage that is discarded
day to day in a human settlement. According to MSW Rules 2000 MSW
includes commercial and residential wastes generated in a municipal or
notified areas in either solid or semisolid form excluding industrial
hazardous wastes but including treated bio‐medical wastes.
OTHER WASTES APART FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE
Thermal
Industrial Bio-medical
power plant
waste waste
waste
Effluent
treatment Other wastes
plant waste
Systematic process
• Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) refers to a systematic
process that comprises of waste segregation and storage at source -
primary collection - secondary storage – transportation - secondary
segregation - resource recovery – processing – treatment - final
disposal of solid waste.
• For effective MSWM following steps should be followed, hence
appropriate considerations should be made at planning stage.
PRIMARY WASTE COLLECTION
- CHENNAI MSW PVT LTD. -
Pictorial
representation
of the door-
door collection
of waste
Pictorial representation of commercial waste collection and transportation
SOLID
WASTE
40%
ORGANIC
60%
INORGANIC
SECONDARY WASTE COLLECTION
Transportation from
collected place
TERTIARY WASTE COLLECTION
Waste
transported
from transfer
station to landfill
site
ROAD SWEEPING
ROADS TO BE MEANT FOR MECHANICAL SWEEPING AS WELL AS MANUAL SWEEPING
• Marina beach main road - Kamarajar Salai and Santhome High road
• Nungambakkam - Sterling road, Harington road, Valluvar Kottam High road,
Nungambakkam High road
• T Nagar - G N Chetty road, Thyagaraya road, Thirumalai Pillai road, North
Usman road
• Triplicane - Walajah road
• Royapettah – Thiru vi ka Salai
• Mylapore – Chamiers road, R A Puram 2nd main road
• Kodambakkam – Kodambakkam High road, 70 ft road, Mahalingapuram
road, Tank Bund road
• Anna Salai
Mechanical sweeping Manual sweeping
Solid Waste Treatment Technologies
Disposal of Waste
• Waste after treatment must be disposed in a manner that does not
create any instance of environmental pollution and public nuisance.
The landfill design shall be aimed to minimize the following:
• The ingress of water into the landfill,
• The production of leachate, its subsequent outflow and uncontrolled
dispersions into surrounding aquatic environment,
• The accumulation, migration and uncontrolled release of landfill gas
into the atmosphere.
WATER SUPPLY
DRAINAGE
TELECOMMUNICATION
ELECTRICITY
Domestic Gas Supply Pipelines
A technically feasible area/locality/ society / building shall have provision to
lay Medium‐Density Polythylene (MDPE) pipelines and its lanes shall have fre
e accessibility for fire tender in case of any emergency. The under‐developed sl
umareas, water‐logging areas, places with soak pits, narrow lanes that do not have
room for excavation and/or the narrow and/ or crowded lanes which prevent acces
sing the area in case of emergency and structurally unstable buildings shall b
e considered technically not feasible.
A technically feasible domestic PNG connection shall have provision for connec
ting the customer’s premises with the service MDPE pipeline with the riser for
the customers building. The connectivity service pipeline to customers building fro
m the mainline should be possible without posing any hindrance or safety haz
ard.
PROVISIONS
The provision of the domestic and trans‐country pipelines shall be as per the PN
GRB Technical & Quality Standards and specifications, which ensures ove
rall safety, quality, and convenience. The last updated PNGRB rules and r
egulations shall be followed for:
➢ Design, Layout, Construction, & Maintenance of City Gas Distribution
Infrastructure
➢ Pressure Standards & Maintenance ƒ
➢ Material of Construction
➢ Selection of Location for City Gate Stations (CGS)
The municipalities and development authorities to make provisions for:
1. Right of Usage (RoU) to be pre‐defined in the Right of Way (RoW) of
the city roads, as per the norms of PNGRB to be compatible with the other
utilities.
2. ƒThe safety norms prescribed by PNGRB to be included in the Development
Control Regulations by the development authorities.
3. Land for City gas stations to be provisioned in the urban extensions,
avoiding congested areas. Land requirement for the CGS of an area of
minimum 2000 sq. mtrs.
WATER SUPPLY
DRAINAGE
TELECOMMUNICATION
ELECTRICITY
TELE-COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AS PER : URDPFI
Utility corridor: The telecom services including broadband are to be integrated with
the utility corridor and Right of Way (RoW) permission should be made available to
telecom services, similar to tower installation with buffers and distances prescribed
by the State Governments .
Building regulations:
modifications in the building regulation of the dense cities may be allo
wed for accessing telecom and broadband services to the end users.
Large facility installation:

municipalities and local authorities to provide large facility
installation of telecom and broadband services in the peri‐urban areas.
BUFFER ZONE
Buffer zones are areas created around the conservation area, often peripheral to it,
inside or outside to enhance its protection. Within Buffer zones, certain legal and/or
customary restrictions are placed upon resource use and/or is managed to reduce the
negative impacts of restrictions on the neighbouring communities.
Based on various activities
WATER SUPPLY
DRAINAGE
TELECOMMUNICATION
ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY SYSTEM AS PER: URDPFI, IS-10028-1985 ,NEP.
Electrical power is a little bit like the air you breathe:

You don't really think about it until it is missing. Power is just "there," meeting your
every need, constantly.
It is only during a power failure, when you walk into a dark room and instinctively
hit the useless light switch, that you realize how important power is in your daily life.
You use it for heating, cooling, cooking, refrigeration, light, sound, computation,
entertainment... Without it, life can get somewhat cumbersome.
One Electric Sub-Station – 11 kV For a Populaion of 15000 People
Based on the estimated requirements of power supply as per the

National Electricity Policy published in 2005, the recommended consumption
is 1000 units per Capita per year or 2.74 kWh per capita per day demand
which included domestic, commercial, industrial and other requirements.
ELECTRICITY SYSTEM
One Electric Sub-Station – 11 kV For a Populaion of 15000 People
Based on the estimated requirements of power supply as per the

National Electricity Policy published in 2005, the recommended consumption
is 1000 units per Capita per year or 2.74 kWh per capita per day demand
which included domestic, commercial, industrial and other requirements.
TRANSMISSION SUBSTATION
Typical voltages for long distance transmission are in the range of
155,000 to 765,000 volts in order to reduce line losses. A typical maximum
transmission distance is about 300 miles (483 km) .
Transmission Lines
POWER SUB-STATION
For power to be useful in a home or business, it comes off the
transmission grid and is stepped-down to the distribution grid. This may happen in
several phases. The place where the conversion from "transmission" to "distribution"
occurs is in a power substation.
POWER SUB-STATION The switch tower and the main

A POWER SUBSTATION TYPICALLY DOES TWO OR THREE THINGS
•It has transformers that step transmission voltages (in the tens or hundreds of
thousands of volts range) down to distribution voltages
(typically less than 10,000 volts).
•It has a "bus" that can split the distribution power off in multiple directions.
•It often has circuit breakers and switches so that the substation can be disconnected
from the transmission grid or separate distribution lines can be disconnected from
the substation when necessary.
SMART GRID CONCEPT
A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses analogue or digital information and
communications technology to gather and act on information, such as information about
the behaviours of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the
efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of
electricity. Metering and Smart power generations are the two basic steps taken in the
direction of handling power in cities.
Smart meter
Smart meters help utilities to better detect and manage outages. Smart meters coupled with
advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) helps to pinpoint problems in the grid,
allowing determinationof faults and failures in no time.
Smart power generator
Smart power generation is a concept of matching electricity production with demand
using multiple generators, alternatively to buffer the peak and high demand for load
balancing.
Sub Station Normal(Sq.m) Compact (Sq.m)
33kV 1520(indoor) 225
3160(outdoor)
110kV 400(outdoor) 1050
23kV 16000(outdoor) 1750

WATER SUPPLY
DRAINAGE
TELECOMMUNICATION
ELECTRICITY
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
(URDPFI)
The quality of life in any urban center depends upon the availability of
and accessibility to quality social infrastructure.
EDUCATION FACILITIES
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
SOCIO CULTURE FACILITIES
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
SPORTS FACILITIES
DISTRIBUTION SERVICES
POLICE SAFETY
Local level facilities -300m to 800m (5-15mins)

EDUCATION FACILITIES :-
PRE-PRIMARY TO SECONDAY EDUCATION
HIGHER EDUCATION
SPORTS FACILITIES
POLICE SAFETY
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES :-
The size of a hospital depends upon the hospital bed requirement, which in turn is a function of the
size of the population it serves. As per the Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS), 2012, the calculation
of number of beds is based on,
✓ Annual rate of admission as 1 per 50 population

✓ Average length of stay in a hospital as 5 days
For example: In India the population size of a district varies from 50,000 to 15,00,000. For the purpose
of convenience the average size of the district is taken as one million population. Based on the assumpti
ons the number of beds required for 10,00,000 population is :
• No. of bed days per year : (10,00,000 x 1/50) x 5 = 1,00,000

• No. of beds required with 100% occupancy : 1,00,000 / 365 = 275
• No. of beds required with 80% occupancy : (1,00,000 / 365) x 80% = 220
The classification of health care facilities is given in Table 8.50.

SPORTS FACILITIES
POLICE SAFETY
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
SOCIO- CULTURAL :
The provision of socio cultural facilities shall correspond to the changing urban demography and work lifestyle
As a general basis, separate religious sites (2 for 15,000 populations ) may be provided so that places of worship do
not get established on encroached sites
SPORTS FACILITIES
POLICE SAFETY
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
SPORTS FACILITIES:
DISTRIBUTION SERVICES:
SPORTS FACILITIES
POLICE SAFETY
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
POLICE ,CIVIL DEFENCE AND HOME GUARDS:
SPORTS FACILITIES
POLICE SAFETY
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
SAFETY MANAGEMENT:
GUIDELINES FOR LOCATING FIRE STATIONS:
• Fire stations should be located so that the fire tenders are able to reach any
disaster site within 3‐5 minutes.
• Fire stations should be located on corner plots as far as possible and on main
roads with minimum two entries.
• Necessary provisions for laying underground/ over ground fire fighting measures,
water lines, hydrants etc. may be kept wherever provision of fire station is
not possible.
• The concerned agencies shall take approval from Fire Department for fire fighting
measures while laying the services for an area.
MISCELLANEOUS INFRASTRUCTURE
CREMATION AND BURIAL
MANDIS AND WHOLE‐SALE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE MARKETS
PROVISIONS FOR HILLY AREAS
ACCESS PROVISIONS FOR THE “DIFFERENTLY ABLED”
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GENDER SENSITIVE PLANNING
❑ Cremation/Burial Ground
Other Controls:
1) The site not to be in proximity to residential areas and preferably in urban
extension.
ELECTRIC CREMATORIUM CREMATORY BURIAL GROUND

❑ Mandis and whole‐sale agricultural produce markets I
According to the recommendations by National Farmers Commission (2004)190, N
availability of regulated Markets should be within 5 km radius (area served approx. 80 sq
km) The agricultural produce can be categorised under two heads (a) Perishable F
produce consisting of fruits, vegetables and flowers and (b) Non‐perishable produce R
consisting of grains and pulses. The planning for the mandis shall depend upon the
following parameters: A
➢ Number of food items ƒ S
➢ Perishability of food items ƒ T
➢ Volume to be handled ƒ
➢ Type of storage/ cool chain facilities. ƒ R
➢ The mandis shall be preferably adjacent to arterial roads. U
The government initiatives for promoting regulated markets are: C
• Direct marketing by promoting farmers’ markets in various forms, such as Apni T
Mandis in Punjab, Rythu Bazaars in Andhra Pradesh, Uzhavar Santhai in Tamil Nadu, and U
Shetkari Bazaar in Maharashtra, promoted by state agencies.
R
• etrading: Various states have adopted the Model APMC Act, which provides for e‐trading. E
(Pg 16)
• Terminal market complex: proposed to be implemented through Public Private

Partnership (PPP) mode by establishing the Hub (Main Market) and Spokes (Collection
Centres) in the States who have amended their APMC Act.
I
N
F
R
A
S
T
Uzhavar sandhai Retail shops R
U
C
T
U
R
E
Super market Arisi mandi

Provisions for Hilly Areas I
N
The provision of Social infrastructure; Police, Civil defence and home guards; Safety; F
Commercial Activity and other Miscellaneous Activities for hilly areas shall be general as gi
ven above. However, the following minimum norms shall also be ensured: R
A
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E
I
N
F
R
A
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E
Access Provisions for the “Differently abled” I
N
The minimum access provisions shall be provided as per ‘Guidelines and
Space Standards for barrier free built environment for disabled and elderly persons’, F
1998. The following provisions shall be provided in various types of buildings: R
A
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E
I
N
F
R
A
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E
Special Requirements for Gender Sensitive Planning I
Women’s travel is characterized by trip chaining i.e. combining multiple destinations N
within one trip. Given women’s higher domestic and caretaking responsibilities,
They tend to seek employment opportunities closer to home with more flexible hours
F
than their male counterparts. This translates into a higher sensitivity to distance. R
➢ At the regional and city levels, decentralized economic opportunities should A
be considered to reduce travel distances. S
➢ At the neighbourhood or planning sector levels, single land use zones should T
be discouraged, as they tend to be “dead” or inactive as with business districts in R
the night or residential areas. Mixed land uses (such as mixed residential and
mixedcommercial uses) should be encouraged which will generate street
U
activity throughout the day and also reduce walking distances. C
➢ Women are disproportionately affected by poor quality pedestrian T
infrastructure and increased walking distances. Walkable blocks should be U
promoted by limiting block sizes, providing direct, shortest non‐motorized
transport routes or pedestrian public right of ways.
R
E
➢ The height of compound walls can restrict street visibility. Therefore
porous or semi‐porous compound walls are recommended to allow street
visibility.
I
N
F
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A
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nfrastructure

➢ Operating Cost (excluding establishment cost),

➢ Debt Services & Doubtful Charges,

➢ Asset replacement fund.

➢ Preliminary data collection and planning

➢ Pipe location and survey

➢ Assessment of pressure and flows

➢ Locating the leaks

➢ Water reuse must be encouraged in urban settlements,

Septage Management – Planning and Implementation163

Basic requirement of artificial recharge

A. Availability of noncommitted runoff in space and time.

B. Identification of suitable hydrogeological environment and sites for augmenting

Artificial Recharge Techniques

27-B. Solar Energy Capture :-

Large facility installation:

Electrical power is a little bit like the air you breathe:

One Electric Sub-Station – 11 kV For a Populaion of 15000 People

Based on the estimated requirements of power supply as per the

One Electric Sub-Station – 11 kV For a Populaion of 15000 People

Based on the estimated requirements of power supply as per the

POWER SUB-STATION The switch tower and the main

110kV 400(outdoor) 1050

23kV 16000(outdoor) 1750

Local level facilities -300m to 800m (5-15mins)

✓ Annual rate of admission as 1 per 50 population

• No. of bed days per year : (10,00,000 x 1/50) x 5 = 1,00,000

The classification of health care facilities is given in Table 8.50.

ELECTRIC CREMATORIUM CREMATORY BURIAL GROUND

• Terminal market complex: proposed to be implemented through Public Private

Super market Arisi mandi

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