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GATE SOLVED PAPER

Electronics & Communication
2014-2
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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC
2014-2
General Aptitude
Q. 1 - Q. 5 carry one mark each.

Q. 1 Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the
following sentence.
Communication and interpersonal skills are ____important in their own ways.
(A) each (B) both
n
(C) all (D) either
Sol. 1 Correct option is (B).
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Q. 2
c o
Which of the options given below best completes the following sentence ?
She will feel much better if she ____.
a .
di
(A) will get some rest (B) gets some rest
(C) will be getting some rest (D) is getting some rest
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Q. 3
.
Choose the most appropriate pair of words from the options given below to complete
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the following sentence. She could not _____ the thought of _________
the election to her bitter rival.
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(A) bear, loosing (B) bare, loosing
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(C) bear, losing (D) bare, losing
©
Sol. 3 Correct option is (C).
Q. 4 A regular die has six sides with numbers 1 to 6 marked on its sides. If a very
large number of throws show the following frequencies of occurrence : 1 " 0.167 ;
2 " 0.167 ; 3 " 0.152 ; 4 " 0.166 ; 5 " 0.168 ; 6 " 0.180 . We call this die
(A) irregular (B) biased
(C) Gaussian (D) insufficient
Q. 5 Fill in the missing number in the series.
2 3 6 15 _____ 157.5 630
Sol. 5 Correct answer is 45.
Q. 6 - Q. 10 carry two mark each.

Q. 6 Find the odd one in the following group
Q, W, Z, B B, H, K, M W, C, G, J M, S, V, X
(A) Q, W, Z, B (B) B, H, K, M
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2014-2
(C) W, C, G, J (D) M, S, V, X
Q. 7 Lights of four colors (red, blue, green, yellow) are hung on a ladder. On every
step of the ladder there are two lights. If one of the lights is red, the other light
on that step will always be blue. If one of the lights on a step is green, the other
light on that step will always be yellow. Which of the following statements is not
necessarily correct ?
(A) The number of red lights is equal to the number of blue lights
(B) The number of green lights is equal to the number of yellow lights
(C) The sum of red and green lights is equal to sum of the yellow and blue lights
(D) The sum of red and blue lights is equal to the sum of green and yellow lights
Sol. 7 Correct option is (D).
Q. 8
. in
The sum of eight consecutive odd numbers is 656. The average of four consecutive
co
even numbers is 87. What is the sum of the smallest odd number and second
largest even number ?
a .
Q. 9
d i
The total exports and revenues from the exports of a country are given in the two
charts shown below. The pie chart for exports shows the quantity of each item
o
exported as a percentage of the total quantity of exports. The pie chart for the
n
.
revenues shows the percentage of the total revenue generated through export of
each item. The total quantity of exports of all the items is 500 thousand tonnes
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and the total revenues are 250 crore rupees. Which item among the following has
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generated the maximum revenue per kg ?
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©
(A) Item 2 (B) Item 3

(C) Item 6 (D) Item 5
Q. 10 It takes 30 minutes to empty a half-full tank by draining it at a constant rate. It
is decided to simultaneously pump water into the half-full tank while draining it.
What is the rate at which water has to be pumped in so that it gets fully filled
in 10 minutes ?
(A) 4 times the draining rate (B) 3 times the draining rate
(C) 2.5 times the draining rate (D) 2 times the draining rate
Sol. 10 Correct option is (A).
END OF THE QUESTION PAPER
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Electronics and Communication
Q. 1 - Q. 25 carry one mark each.

Q. 1 The determinant of matrix A is 5 and the determinant of matrix B is 40. The
determinant of matrix AB is ______.
Given the determinent of matrix A and B as | A | = 5 , | B | = 40 .
From the property of matrix, we have
| AB | = | A || B |
= 5 # 40 = 200
Q. 2 Let X be a random variable which is uniformly chosen from the set of positive
in
odd numbers less than 100. The expectation, E 6X @, is _____.
.
co
Given that the random variable X is uniformly chosen from the set of positive
.
odd number less than 100. So, we have
a
X = 1, 3, 5, 7.....99
i
So, the total number of values in set of X is
d
o
n = 50
n
Since, X is uniformly chosen from the set of numbers. So, the probability density
.
function for each value of X is
w
fX (x ) = 1 = 1
n 50
w
Hence, we obtain the expected value of X as
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E [X ] = / XfX (x )
= 1 + 3 + 5 + .... + 99
©
50 50 50 50
= 1 (1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 99)
50
= 1 :50 "2 # 1 + (50 - 1) 2,D
50 2
= 1 (2 + 49 # 2) = 50
2
Q. 3 For 0 # t < 3, the maximum value of the function f ^ t h = e-t - 2e-2t occurs at
(A) t = log e 4 (B) t = log e 2
(C) t = 0 (D) t = log e 8
Given the function,
f (f ) = e-t - 2e-2t
For maximum value of the function we have
f l (t ) = 0
& d (e-t - 2e-2t) = 0
dt
& - e-t + 4e-2t = 0
& t = log e 4
Now, we check this value for point of maxima. We have

f ll (t ) = d (- e-t + 4e-2t)
dt
= e-t - 8e-2t
Substituting t = log e 4 in above expression,
f ll (t = log e 4) = e- log 4 - 8e-2 log 4
e e
1 2
= 1 - 8b 4 l = 1 - 1
4 4 2
= -1 < 0
4
Hence, t = log e 4 is the point of maxima.
Q. 4 The value of
lim b1 + 1 l
x
x"3 x
is
(A) ln 2 (B) 1.0
in
(C) e (D) 3
.
co
The exponential function arises whenever a quantity grows or decays at a rate
.
proportional to its current value. Bernouli defined the exponential function as
a
1 n
e = / b1 + n l
n"3
1 x
e = lim b1 + x l
d i
o
or
n"3
.n
Alternative
The function given is a standard exponential term, however we can also prove it
w
by using Taylor’s series. Let
w
1 x
y = b1 + x l
w
Taking logarithm both the sides,
1 x
log e y = log e :b1 + x l D
& © 1
log e y = x log e b1 + x l
1 1 1
& log e y = x :x - 2x2 + 3x3 - ...D
& log e y = 1 - 1 + 1 2 - ....

2x 3x
1 1 - ...
& y = ec1 - 2x + 3x2 m
lim y = lim 8ec1 - 2x + 3x B

1 1 - ....
& 2 m
x"3 x"3
1 x
& lim b1 + x l = e1 = e
x"3
Q. 5 If the characteristic equation of the differential equation

d 2y dy
2 + 2a dx + y = 0
dx
has two equal roots, then the values of a are
(A) ! 1 (B) 0, 0
(C) ! j (D) ! 1/2

Given the differential equation,
d2 y dy
+ 2a + y = 0
dx2 dx
or D 2 + 2a D + 1 = 0
The above differential equation has the equal roots if its discriminant is zero, i.e.
(2a) 2 - 4 = 0
& a =! 1
Q. 6 Norton’s theorem states that a complex network connected to a load can be
replaced with an equivalent impedance
(A) in series with a current source (B) in parallel with a voltage source
(C) in series with a voltage source (D) in parallel with a current source
in
.
Norton’s theorem states that a complex network connected to a load can be
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replaced with an equivalent impedance in parallel with a current source as shown
.
in figure below.
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Q. 7
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In the figure shown, the ideal switch has been open for a long time. If it is closed
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at t = 0 , then the magnitude of the current (in mA) through the 4 kW resistance
at t = 0+ is _____.
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Sol. 7 Correct answer is 1.25.
Given the circuit
Before t = 0 , the switch was open for a long time. So, the capacitor behaves as
open circuit and inductor as short circuit. Hence, we get
10 (4 + 1)
VC (0-) = # =5V
5+4+1
iL (0-) = 10 = 1 mA
5+4+1
At t = 0 , switch is closed. But, we know the properties:

1. Capacitor opposes the change in voltage across it
2. Inductor opposes the, change in current through it.
So, we have the equivalent circuit at t = 0+ as shown below
in
Applying KVL, we have
.
co
5 - 4i = 0
i = 5 = 1.25
.
4
a
Q. 8 A silicon bar is doped with donor impurities ND = 2.25 # 1015 atoms/cm3 . Given
d i
the intrinsic carrier concentration of silicon at T = 300 K is ni = 1.5 # 1010 cm-3
. Assuming complete impurity ionization, the equilibrium election and hole
concentrations are
o
.n
(A) n 0 = 1.5 # 106 cm-3 , p 0 = 1.5 # 105 cm-3
(B) n 0 = 1.5 # 1010 cm-3 , p 0 = 1.5 # 1015 cm-3
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(C) n 0 = 2.25 # 1015 cm-3 , p 0 = 1.5 # 1010 cm-3
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(D) n 0 = 2.25 # 1015 cm-3 , p 0 = 1 # 105 cm-3
Sol. 8
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Correct option is (D).
©
Given the concentration of donor impurities,
ND = 2.25 # 1015 atoms/cm3
Intrindic carrier concentration,
ni = 1.5 # 1010 cm-3
Since, we have
ND >> ni
So, the equilibrium electron concentration is
n 0 = ND = 2.25 # 1015 cm-3
Hence, using mass action law, we obtain the hole concentration as
2
^1.5 # 1010h2
p0 = n i = = 1 # 105 cm-3
no 2.25 # 1015
Q. 9 An increase in the base recombination of a BJT will increase
(A) the common emitter dc current gain b
(B) the breakdown voltage BVCEO
(C) the unity-gain cut-off frequency fT
(D) the transconductance gm

Q. 10 In CMOS technology, shallow P -well or N -well regions can be formed using
(A) low pressure chemical vapour deposition
(B) low energy sputtering
(C) low temperature dry oxidation
(D) low energy ion-implantation
Q. 11 The feedback topology in the amplifier circuit ( the base bias circuit is not shown
for simplicity) in the figure is
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i a
(A) Voltage shunt feedback
o d (B) Current series feedback
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(C) Current shunt feedback (D) Voltage series feedback
Sol. 11
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Correct option is (B).
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Given the feedback topology in the amplifier circuit,
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©
We define the current series feedback as

Current is sampled from the output
Voltage is feedback to the source/input.
In the given circuit, the feedback signal becomes zero by opening the output
feedback. Hence, it is current series feedback.
Q. 12 In the differential amplifier shown in the figure, the magnitudes of the common-
mode and differential-mode gains are Acm and Ad , respectively. If the resistance
RE is increased, then
(A) Acm increases

(B) common-mode rejection ratio increases
(C) Ad increases
(D) common-mode rejection ratio decreases
in
.
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Q. 13 A cascade connection of two voltage amplifiers A1 and A2 is shown in the figure.
The open-loop gain Av0 , input resistance Rin , and output resistance Ro for A1
.
and A2 are as follows :
i a
A1 : Av0 = 10 , Rin = 10 kW , Ro = 1 kW
d
A2 : Av0 = 5 , Rin = 5 kW , Ro = 200 W
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The approximate overall voltage gain vout /vin is______.
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Given the cascade connection
For the two stages of cascade, we have

A1: Av1 = 10 , Ri1 = 10 kW , Ro1 = 1 kW
A2: Av2 = 5 , Ri2 = 5 kW , Ro1 = 200 W .
So, we may redraw the equivalent 1st stage of cascade as
So, we get
vi2 = voL = R i2 A v
Ro1 + Ri2 v1 in
= 5 # 10v in = 50 v in
1+5 6
Again, we obtain the equivalent 2nd stage circuit as
. in
. co
So, we obtain
i a
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v out = Av2 vi2 RL
n
Ro2 + RL
. = 1K 5 50 v
w
200 + 1K # # 6 in
vo = 1
w
Hence, 5 50 = 34.722
v in 1.2 # # 6
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Q. 14 For an n -variable Boolean function, the maximum number of prime implicants is
(A) 2 ^n - 1h (B) n/2
© (D) 2^n - 1h
n
(C) 2
A prime implicant of a function is an implicant that can not be reduced to a more
general form.
For example, we consider the K-map of variables A, B .
In the K-map, pair or quadrants are not for opened for the two cases
m1 = m 4 = 1, m2 = m 3 = 0 ; Prime implication / "A B , AB ,
m1 = m 4 = 0 , m2 = m 3 = 0 ; Prime implication / "A B , AB ,
For all other cases of two or more implicants, the K-map has a pair or quadrant;
i.e function is reduced. Hence, the maximum number of prime implicant is 2.
Similarly, we may consider the cases for more number of variables. Thus, the
maximum number of prime implicant is 2n - 1 .
Q. 15 The number of bytes required to represent the decimal number 1856357 in packed
BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) form is_______.
Sol. 15 Correct answer is 4 bits.
A digit of decimal number is represented into 4 bits of a BCD number. Since, the
decimal number 1856357 have 7 digits. So, the total number of bits required to
represent it in BCD form is 7 # 4 = 28 bits .
Hence, the number of bytes ^1 byte = 8 bitsh required is
number of bytes $ 28 = 3.5
8
or number of bytes = 4 bits
Q. 16 In a half-subtractor circuit with X and Y as inputs, the Borrow (M ) and
Difference ^N = X - Y h are given by
(A) M = X 5 Y , N = XY (B) M = XY , N = X 5 Y
(C) M = XY , N = X 5 Y (D) M = XY , N = X 5 Y
in
We have the given difference function
.
N = X-Y
co
and the borrow is M .
.
So, we may obtain the truth table as
i a
X Y Difference Borrow
N M
0 0 0
o d 0
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0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0
w
1 1 0 0
From the truth table, we obtain
w N = X Y+XY = X5Y
w M =XY
©
Q. 17 An FIR system is described by the system function
H ^z h = 1 + 7 z-1 + 3 z-2
2 2
The system is
(A) maximum phase (B) minimum phase
(C) mixed phase (D) zero phase
Given the FIR system function,
H (z ) = 1 + 7 z-1 + 3 z-2
2 2
The zeros of the function are obtained as
1 + 7 z-1 + 3 z-2 = 0
2 2
2z2 + 7z + 3 = 3
2z2 + 6z + z + 3 = 0
^2z + 1h^z + 3h = 0
z = - 1, - 3
2
Since, one zero ^z =- 1/2h is inside the unit circle, and one zero ^z =- 3h is
outside the unit circle. So, it is a mixed phase system.
• For minimum phase system, all zeros are inside the unit circle.
• For maximum phase system all zeros are outside the unit circle.
Q. 18 Let x 6n@ = x 6- n@. Let X ^z h be the z -transform of x 6n@. If 0.5 + j0.25 is a zero of
X ^z h, which one of the following must also be a zero of X ^z h.
(A) 0.5 - j0.25 (B) 1/ ^0.5 + j0.25h
(C) 1/ ^0.5 - j0.25h (D) 2 + j4
From the time revorsal property of Z -transform, we know that
if x [ n ] = x [ - n]
Then X (Z ) = X (Z-1) ....(i)
in
Since, (0.5 + j 0.25) is a zero of X (Z ), i.e.
.
co
X (0.5 + j 0.25) = 0
So, using equation (i), we may also write
.
Xb 1
0.5 + j 0.25 l
=0
i.e. b 1
0.5 + j 0.25 l i a
d
is also a zero of X (Z ).
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Q. 19 Consider the periodic square wave in the figure shown.
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w
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©
The ratio of the power in the 7 th harmonic to the power in the 5 th harmonic for
this waveform is closest in value to ______.
Q. 20 The natural frequency of an undamped second-order system is 40 rad/s. If the
system is damped with a damping ratio 0.3, the damped natural frequency in
rad/s is ______.
Sol. 20 Correct answer is 4 rad/s.
Given the natural frequency of an undamped second order system,
w n = 40 rad/ sec
Damping ratio, d = 0.3
So, the damped natural frequency is
w d = w n 1 - d2
= 40 1 - (0.3) 2 = 40 1 - 0.09
= 40 # 0.1
= 4 rad/s
Q. 21 For the following system,
when X1 ^s h = 0 , the transfer function

Y^ s h
X 2 ^s h
is
(A) s +2 1 (B) 1
s s+1
(C) s +2 (D) s + 1
s ^s + 1h s ^s + 2h
We have the block diagram
. in
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a
When X1 (s ) = 0 , the block diagram in its reduced form is shown below
d i
o
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w
w
Hence, we obtain the transfer function as
w Y (s )
= G
X2 (s ) 1 + GH
=
1
1/s
s
= s+1
s (s + 2)
©
1+ #
s s+1
Q. 22 The capacity of a band-limited additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel
is given by C = W log 2 b1 + 2P l bits per second (bps), where W is the channel
sW
bandwidth, P is the average power received and s2 is the one sided power spectral
density of the AWGN.
For a fixed sP = 1000 , the channel capacity (in kbps) with infinite bandwidth
2
^W " 3h is approximately.
(A) 1.44 (B) 1.08
(C) 0.72 (D) 0.36
The channel capacity is defined as
P
C = W log 2 b1 + s2 W l ...(i)
Since, we know that
log a b = log a c log c b
So, we may rewrite the equation (1) as
C = W (log 2 e) ;log e b1 + 2P lE
sW
P P 2 P 3
= W (log 2 e) ;b s2 W l - 1 b s2 W l + 1 b s2 W l - ...E
2 3
2 3
= (log 2 e) ; P2 - P4 + P6 2 - ...E ...(ii)
s 2s W 3s W
Again, We have
P = 1000 , W " 3
s2
Substituting these value in equation (ii), we get
2 3
C = lim (log 2 e) ;1000 - P4 + P6 2 - ....E
W"3 2s W 3s W
= (log 2 e) (1000) bits per sec
in
= 1.44 kbps
.
Q. 23 Consider sinusoidal modulation in an AM system. Assuming no overmodulation,
co
the modulation index (m ) when the maximum and minimum values of the
.
envelope, respectively, are 3 V and 1 V, is ______.
a
d i
An amplitude modulated system is defined as
S (t ) = Ac [1 + m a mn (t )] cos w c t
o
where Ac is amplitude of carrier signal, m a is modulation index, mn (t ) is normalized
n
.
message signal; - 1 # [mn (t )] # 1.
w
So, the maximum and minimum amplitude of AM signal are
| S (t ) | max = Ac (1 + m a) = 3 V
w
| S (t ) | min = Ac (1 - m a) = 1 V
w
Hence, We get
1 + ra =3
©
1 - ma 1
2m a
=2
2 4
ma = 0.5
Q. 24 To maximize power transfer, a lossless transmission line is to be matched to a
resistive load impedance via a l/4 transformer as shown.
The characteristic impedance (in W ) of the l/4 transformer is ______.

Sol. 24 Correct answer is 70.7 W .
Given the input impedance,
Zin = 50 W
Load impedance,
ZL = 100 W
For a l/4 transformer, the input impedance is given as
2
Z in = Z o
ZL
So, we obtain the characteristic impedance as
Zo = Z in ZL = 50 # 100 = 5000
= 70.7 W
Q. 25 Which one of the following field patterns represents a TEM wave travelling in the
positive x direction ?
(A) E =+ 8yt, H =- 4zt (B) E =- 2yt, H =- 3zt
(C) E =+ 2zt, H =+ 2yt (D) E =- 3yt, H =+ 4zt
The direction of propagation of a TEM wave is given as
in
avTEM = avE # avH
.
where avE is direction of electric field, avH is direction of magnetic field.
co
From the given options, we have the option (B) with
Ev =- 2yt ; avE =- yt
Hv =- 3zt ; avH =- zt
a .
i
So, the direction of TEM wave is
d
avTEM = (- yt) # (- zt) = xt
o
i.e. the TEM wave travelling in positive x -direction.
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Q. 26 - Q. 55 carry two mark each.
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Q. 26 The system of linear equations
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J2 1 3NJa N J 5 N
K OK O K O
K3 0 1OKb O = K- 4O has
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K1 2 5OKc O K 14 O
L PL P L P
(A) a unique solution (B) infinitely many solutions
(C) no solution (D) exactly two solutions
Given the system of linear equation.
R VR V R V
S2 1 3WSa W S 5 W
S3 0 1WSb W = S- 4W
SS1 2 5WWSSc WW SS 14 WW
T XT X T X
Comparing it to general form of equation
[A ] [X ] = [B ]
We have
R V
S2 1 3 5 W" R1
[A/B ] = S3 0 1 - 4W" R2
S W
S1 2 5 14 W" R 3
T X
To make zero the first term of R2 and R 3 using R1 , we perform
R2 " 3R1 - 2R2
R 3 " R1 - 2R 3
So, we get
R V
S2 1 3 5 W
8A BB = S0 3 7 23 W
S W
S0 - 3 1 - 23W
T term of R ,X we perform R " R + R
Again, to make zero, the second 3 3 3 2
Hence, we get
R V
S2 1 3 5 W
8A BB = S0 3 7 23W
S W
S0 0 0 0 W
T
So, we have the rank of matrices, X
Rank "6A@, = Rank $8A BB. < number of variables
in
Thus, the system has infinite number of solution.
.
Q. 27 The real part of an analytic function f ^z h where z = x + jy is given by e-y cos ^x h
co
. The imaginary part of f ^z h is
(A) ey cos ^x h (B) e-y sin ^x h
(C) - ey sin ^x h
a .
(D) - e-y sin ^x h
d
The analytic function is defined as i
n o
f (z ) = f (x + jy) = u + iv
.
where v is the real part and v is imaginary part of f (z ) that satisfies C-R
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equations, i.e.
2u = 2v
w
...(i)
2x 2y
w
2u =-2v ...(ii)
2y 2x
©
Given that real part of f (z ) is
u = e-y cos (x )
So, we get
2u = e-y (- sin x) =- e-y sin x
2x
Substituting is in equation (1), we have
2v =- e-y sin x
2y
& v =- # e-y sin xdy + f (x ) = e-y sin x + f (x )
where f (x ) is a function of x .
Again, we obtain
2v = e-y cos x + fl (x )
2x
and 2u =- e-y cos x
2y
Substituting it in equation (2), we get
- e-y cos x =-6e-y cos x + fl (x )@
fl (x ) = 0
Hence, the imaginary part of f (z ) is
v = e-y sin x
Q. 28 The maximum value of the determinant among all 2 # 2 real symmetric matrices
with trace 14 is _____.
Let the 2 # 2 symmetric matrix be
a b
A => H
b c
Given that the trace of matrix is 14, i.e.
a + c = 14
The determinant of matrix is given as
| A | = ac - b2
For maximum value of | A |, b2 must be minimum. Since, b2 is squared term (non-
negative number) so, the minimum value is
b2 = 0
Therefore, we have (for maximum determinant)
| A | = ac = a (14 - a) = 14a - a2
in
For maximum value of | A |, we may write
.
d|A|
co
=0
da
.
& 14 - 2a = 0
a
a = 7, c = 7
i
&
Hence, the maximum determinant is
o d| A | = ac = 7 # 7 = 49
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Q. 29 If rv = xatx + yaty + zatz and rv = r , then div ^r2 d ^ln r hh = ____.
Correct answer is 3.
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Sol. 29
Given the vector field,
w
rv = xatx + yaty + zatz
w
So, its magnitude is given as
| rv | = r = x2 + y2 + z2
©
Therefore, we obtain
4 (ln r) = 1 4 (r )
r
2r 2r 2r
= 1 ;2x atx + 2y aty + 2z atzE
r
2x 2y 2z
= 1= 2 2
at +
2 x
aty + atzG
r 2 x +y +z 2 x + y2 + z2
2
2 x2 + y2 + z2
xatx + yaty + zatz
= 1: D = r2
v
r r r
So, we have
r2 4 (ln r) = r2 r2 = rv
v
r
Hence, we get
div ^r2 4 (ln r)h = div (rv)
= 2 x+ 2 y+ 2 z = 1+1+1
2x 2y 2z
=3
Q. 30 A series LCR circuit is operated at a frequency different from its resonant

frequency. The operating frequency is such that the current leads the supply
voltage. The magnitude of current is half the value at resonance. If the values of
L, C and R are 1 H , 1 F and 1 W , respectively, the operating angular frequency
(in rad/s) is ______.
Sol. 30 Correct answer is 0.45 r/sec.
Q. 31 In the h -parameter model of the 2-port network given in the figure shown, the
value of h22 (in S ) in _____.
. in
.co
i a
d
Q. 32
n o
In the figure shown, the capacitor is initially uncharged. Which one of the following
.
expressions describes the current I ^ t h (in mA) for t > 0 ?
w
w
w
©
(A) I ^ t h = 53 ^1 - e-t/t h, t = 23 m sec
(B) I ^ t h = 52 ^1 - e-t/t h, t = 23 m sec
(C) I ^ t h = 53 ^1 - e-t/t h, t = 3 m sec
(D) I ^ t h = 52 ^1 - e-t/t h, t = 3 m sec
Given the circuit,
Initially, the capacitor is uncharged, i.e.

Vc (0) = 0
For t > 0 the capacitor is being charged by the voltage source of 5 V. The
maximum voltage across capacitor (at t = 3) is
Vc (3) = 5 # R2 = 5 # 2 = 10
R1 + R 2 2+1 3
Therefore, the voltage across capacitor at any particular time t is given as

Vc (t ) = Vc (3) + 6Vc (0) - Vc (3)@e-t/t
10
= 10 + :0 - 3 D e-t/t
3
= 10 (1 - e-t/t)
3
Hence, the current I (t ) through resistance R2 is
V (t ) 5
I (t ) = c = (1 - e-t/t)
R2 3
where t is the charging time given as t = Req C
where Req is the equivalent resistance across capacitor, obtained as
Req = R1 R2 = 1 # 2 = 2 kW
R1 + R 2 1+2 3
2
Hence, t = b 3 k l # (1m) = 2 m sec
3
In the magnetically coupled circuit shown in the figure, 56% of the total flux
in
Q. 33
emanating from one coil links the other coil. The value of the mutual inductance
în Hh is ______.
.
. co
i a
o d
Sol. 33
.n
Correct answer is 2.50 H.
w
We have the magnetically coupled circuit as shown below
w
w
©
Given that 56% of the total flux emanating from one coil links the other coil. So,
we have the coupling factor
k = 56%
or k = 0.56
So, the value of mutual inductance is
M = k L1 L 2
= 0.56 4 # 5 = 2.50 H
Q. 34 Assume electronic charge q = 1.6 # 10-19 C , kT/q = 25 mV and electron mobility
m n = 1000 cm2 /V - s . If the concentration gradient of electrons injected into a P
-type silicon sample is 1 # 1021 /cm 4 , the magnitude of electron diffusion current
density în A/cm2h is _____.
Sol. 34 Correct answer is 4000 A/cm2 .
Given the electronic charge, q = 1.6 # 10-19 C
electron mobility, m n = 1000 cm2 /V -S

electron concentration gradient, dn = 1 # 1021 /cm 4
dx
Thermal voltage, kT = 25 mV
q
Now, from einstein equation, we have
Dn = kT
mn q
& Dn = 25 # 10-3 Volt

1000 cm2 /V- S
& Dn = 25 cm2 /S
Hence, the diffusion current density is
Jn = qDn dn
in
dx
.
= 1.6 # 10-19 # 25 # 1021
co
= 4000 A/cm2
.
Q. 35 Consider an abrupt PN junction (at T = 300 K ) shown in the figure. The depletion
a
region width Xn on the N -side of the junction is 0.2 mm and the permittivity of
d i
silicon ê si h is 1.044 # 10-12 F/cm . At the junction, the approximate value of the
peak electric field (in kV/cm) is_____.
n o
.
w
w
w
©
Given the depletion region width of N-side of the function,
xn = 0.2 mm = 0.2 # 10-4 cm
permittivity of silicon,
e = 1.044 # 10-12 F/cm
Donor concentration,
ND = 1016 /cm3
Since, we have NA >> ND and we know that
xn N D = x p N A
So, the deption region width in p-side is much less than that on N -side, i.e.
x p << xn
Therefore, the electric field is given as
E = eND xn
e
(1.6 # 10-19) (1016) (0.2 # 10-4)
=
1.044 # 10-12
= 0.3065 # 105 V/cm

= 30.7 kV/cm
Q. 36 When a silicon diode having a doping concentration of NA = 9 # 1016 cm-3 on p

-side and ND = 1 # 1016 cm-3 on n -side is reverse biased, the total depletion width
is found to be 3 mm . Given that the permittivity of silicon is 1.04 # 10-12 F/cm ,
the depletion width on the p-side and the maximum electric field in the depletion
region, respectively, are
(A) 2.7 mm and 2.3 # 105 V/cm (B) 0.3 mm and 4.15 # 105 V/cm
(C) 0.3 mm and 0.42 # 105 V/cm (D) 2.1 mm and 0.42 # 105 V/cm
Given the doping concentrations, NA = 9 # 1016 cm-3 , ND = 1 # 1016 cm-3
The permittivity of silicon is e = 1.04 # 10-12 F/cm
Total depletion width, W = 3 mm = 3 # 10-4 cm
Let the depletion width on n -side and p-side be xn and x p respectively. So, we
have
xn + x p = W = 3 # 10-4 cm ...(1)
Again, we have the relation
in
xn N D = x p N A
.
& xn (1 # 1016) = x p (9 # 1016)
co
& xn = 9x p ...(2)
.
Substituting it in equation (i), we get
a
9x p + x p = 3 # 10-4
i
-4
x p = 3 # 10
d
10
o = 0.3 # 10-4 cm = 0.3 mm
.n
Hence, the maximum electric field in depletion region is given as
w
eN x
E max = A p
e
w
(1.6 # 10-19) # (9 # 1016) # (0.3 # 10-4)
=
w
1.04 # 10-2
= 4.15 # 105 V/cm
Q. 37
©
The diode in the circuit shown hasVon = 0.7 Volts but is ideal otherwise. If
Vi = 5 sin ^wt h Volts, the minimum and maximum values of Vo (in Volts) are,
respectively,
(A) - 5 and 2.7 (B) 2.7 and 5

(C) - 5 and 3.85 (D) 1.3 and 5
Given the diode circuit,
and the input voltage is Vi = 5 sin (wt)

So, we may sketch the waveform of input voltage as
. in
. co
a
Therefore, the maximum and minimum input voltage is
i
Vi, max = 5 V
d
o
Vi, min =- 5 V
n
For the maximum voltage, Vi, max = 5 V
.
The diode is forward biased (Von = 0.7 V). Hence, The maximum output voltage
w
corresponding to maximum input voltage is given as
vi, max - vo, max v - 0.7 - 2
w
= i, max
R1 R1 + R 2
w
v v - 2.7
vo,max = R1 ; i, max - i, max
R1 + R 2 E
&
R1
©
5 5 - 2. 7
= 1 : 1 - 1 + 1 D = 5 - 2. 3
3
= 3.85 V
For minimum input voltage, (vi, min =- 5 V), the diode is reverse biased; i.e. OFF.
So, no current flows through the resistance. Hence, the minimum output voltage
corresponding to minimum input is vo =- 5 V .
Q. 38 For the n -channel MOS transistor shown in the figure, the threshold voltage
VTh is 0.8 V . Neglect channel length modulation effects. When the drain voltage
VD = 1.6 V , the drain current ID was found to be 0.5 mA. If VD is adjusted to be
2 V by changing the values of R and VDD , the new value of ID (in mA) is
(A) 0.625 (B) 0.75

(C) 1.125 (D) 1.5

We have the MOS transistor circuit as shown below
The gate and drain terminals are common, So we have

VGS = VDS
Also, we have
VD = 1.6 V ; Vin = 0.8 V ; ID = 0.5 mA
So, we may deduce that VDS = VGS = 1.6 V or VGS > VTh , VDS > VGS - VTh
Therefore, the MOSFET is in saturation, and hence we write the drain current
in
equation as
.
Io = 1 m n COX W (VGS - VTh) 2
co
2 L
0.5 m = 1 m n COX W (1.6 - 0.8) 2
.
& ....(i)
2 L
a
Now, the drain voltage changes to
d i
VD = 2 V
o
So, VDS = VGS = 2 V
.n
Therefore, the current equation becomes
ID = 1 m n COX W (VGS - VTh) 2
w
2 L
ID = 1 m n COX W (2 - 0.8) 2
w
& ...(ii)
2 L
Dividing equation (2) by equation (1), we get
w
2
ID = (2 - 0.8)
0.5 m (1.6 - 0.8) 2
& © ID = 0.5 m
(1.2) 2
(0.8) 2
= 1.125 mA
Q. 39 For the MOSFETs shown in the figure, the threshold voltage Vt = 2 V and
K = 12 mCox ^WL h = 0.1 mA/V2 . The value of ID (in mA) is ____.

We have the MOSFET circuit as shown below.
From the circuit, we have
in
VG2 = 0
.R2
co
and VG1 = VDD
R1 + R 2
.
= 12 # 10
10 + 10
i a
=6V
d
So, both the p-MOS and n -MOS are in saturation region.
o
Also, we have the drain current, ID1 = ID2 = ID
n
So, we obtain the drain current as
.
Io2 = 1 m n COX W (VG2 - VT ) 2
w
2 L
= 0.1 # [0 - (- 5) - 2] 2
w = 0.1 # 9
w = 0.9 mA
©
or ID = 0.9 mA
Q. 40 In the circuit shown, choose the correct timing diagram of the output ^y h from
the given waveforms W1, W2, W3 and W4.
(A) W1
. in
(B) W2
co
(C) W3 (D) W4
Correct option is (C).
.
Sol. 40
i a
The two flip-flops in the circuit are negative edge triggered D -flip-flop. So, the
d
output of the flip-flop changes when.
o
Clock pulse changes from 1 to 0; i.e.
.n
Q1 = X1 , when CLK switches from 1 to 0
Q2 = X2 , when CLK switches from 1 to 0
The output Y is
w Y = Q1 Q 2
w
Hence, we obtain the output waveform as
w
©
Q. 41 The outputs of the two flip-flops Q1, Q2 in the figure shown are initialized to 0,
0. The sequence generated at Q1 upon application of clock signal is
(A) 01110.... (B) 01010....
in
(C) 00110.... (D) 01100....
.
co
From the given circuit, we may deduce that
.
J 1 = Q 2 , K1 = Q 2
a
J 2 = Q1 , K 2 = Q1
i
Initially, the output of flip-flops are
d
o
Q1 = 0
n
Q2 = 0
.
So, we obtain the truth table for the sequential circuit as
w
J1 K1 Q1 J 2 K2 Q2
w
- - 0 - - 0
w
1 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 1
©
0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 1
Thus, the sequence generated at Q1 is 01100...
Q. 42 For the 8085 microprocessor, the interfacing circuit to input 8-bit digital data
^DI 0 - DI7h from an external device is shown in the figure. The instruction for
correct data transfer is
(A) MVI A, F8H

. in
(B) IN F8H
co
(C) OUT F8H (D) LDA F8F8H
Correct option is (D).
.
Sol. 42
Q. 43 Consider a discrete-time signal

i a
d
n for 0 # n # 10
x 6n@ = )
o 0 otherwise
.n
If y 6n@ is the convolution of x 6n@ with itself, the value of y 64@ is _____.
w
Given the discrete time signal,
w x [n ] = *
n, for 0 # n # 10
w
0, otherwise
and the signal y [n ] is convolution of x [n ] with itself i.e.
© y [n ] = x [n ] * x [n ]
=
n
/ x [k ] x [n - k ]
k=0
Therefore, we obtain
4
y [4 ] = / x [x ] x [4 - k ]
k=0
= x [ 0] x [ 4 ] + x [ 1 ] x [ 3 ] + 3 [ 2 ] x [ 2 ] + x [ 3 ] x [ 1 ] + x [ 4 ] x [ 0 ]
= 0+1#3+2#2+3#1+0
= 10
Q. 44 The input-output relationship of a causal stable LTI system is given as
y 6n@ = a y 6n - 1@ + bx 6n@
If the impulse response h 6n@ of this system satisfies the condition S 3
n = 0 h 6n@ = 2 ,
the relationship between a and b is
(A) a = 1 - b/2 (B) a = 1 + b/2
(C) a = 2b (D) a =- 2b

Given the input-output relationship of the system,
y [n ] = ay [y - 1] + bx [n ]
Taking z -transform both the sides,
Y (z ) = az-1 Y (z ) + bX (z )
Y (z ) b
& =
X (z ) 1 - az-1
b
& H (z ) = ...(i)
1 - az-1
This is the z -transform of impulse response h [n ]; which can also be expressed as
3
H (z ) = / h [n ] z-n
0
Substituting z = 1 in above expression, we have
in
3
H (1) = / h [n ] = 2 (given)
0
.
co
Again, Substituting z = 1 in equation (1), we get
b
.
H (1) =
1-a
2=
b
i a
d
&
1-a
o
b
& 1-a =
n
2
.#
a = 1-
b
w
&
2
sin c2 ^5t h dt is ____.
3
w
Q. 45 The value of the integral
-3
w
3
Given the integral, # sin c (5t) dt

2
©
Let the function -3
x (t ) = sin C (5t) = sin 5pt

5p t
Now, we have the fourier transform pair
sin wt * X (jw) = 1, | w | < W
pt *
0, | w | > W
So, for the signal x (t ) = sin (5t), we get
1 , | w | < 5p
X (jw) = * 5
0, | w | > 5p
1/5, | f | < 2.5
or X (f ) = *
0 , | f | > 2.5
The signal in the frequency domain can be represented as
From Parsevall’s Theorem, we have

3 3
/ x (t ) dt = / X (f ) df
2 2
-3 -3
Hence, we get
1 2
b 5 l df
2.5
# #
3
sin2 (5t) dt =
-3 -2.5
= 1 # (2.5 + 2.5) = 1
25 5
= 0.2
Q. 46 An unforced linear time invariant (LTI) system is represented by
xo1 - 1 0 x1
> H => H> H
xo2 0 - 2 x2
If the initial conditions are x1 ^0 h = 1 and x2 ^0 h =- 1, the solution of the state
equation is
(A) x1 ^ t h =- 1, x2 ^ t h = 2 (B) x1 ^ t h =- e-t , x2 ^ t h = 2e-t
(C) x1 ^ t h = e-t , x2 ^ t h =- e-2t (D) x1 ^ t h =- e-t , x2 ^ t h =- 2e-t
. in
Sol. 46
co
We have the equation of LTI system as
xo1 - 1 0 x1
.
> H => H> H
xo2 0 - 2 x2
and the initial conditions are
i a
d
x1 (0) = 1, x2 (0) =- 1
o
So, we have the matrix
.n
-1 0
A => H
0 -2
w
Now, we may define the Laplace transform of signal x (t ) as
w
X (s ) = [SI - A] -1 x (0) ...(i)
w
So, we obtain
s+1 0
[SI - A] = > H
©
0 s+2
Therefore,
s+2 0
[SI - A] -1 = 1 > H
(s + 1) (s + 2) 0 s + 1
R V
S 1 0 W
s+1
=S 1 W
W
S 0
S s + 2W
T X
Also, we have the initial condition
x1 (0) 1
x [0] = > H=> H
x2 (0) -1
Substituting these values in equation (1), we obtain
R V R V
S 1 0 W 1 S 1 W
s+1 S s+1 W
X (s) = S 1 W>- 1H = S- 1 W
W
S 0
S s + 2W S s + 2W
T
Hence, the signal in time domain is X T X
1/s + 1 e-t
x (t ) = L-1 "X (s), = L-1 * 4 = > -2tH
- 1/s + 2 -e
or x1 (t ) = e-t , x2 (t ) =- e-2t
Q. 47 The Bode asymptotic magnitude plot of a minimum phase system is shown in
the figure
. in
co
If the system is connected in a unity negative feedback configuration, the steady
.
state error of the closed loop system, to a unit ramp input, is_____.
a
Q. 48
d i
Consider the state space system expressed by the signal flow diagram shown in
o
the figure.
. n
w
w
w
©
The corresponding system is
(A) always controllable (B) always observable
(C) always stable (D) always unstable
We have the signal flow diagram of state space system as
From the signal flow graph, we obtain

xo1 = x2
xo2 = x 3
xo3 = a1 x1 + a2 x2 + a 3 x 3 + u
y = c 1 x1 + c 2 x 2 + c 3 x 3
In matrix form, we can write
R V R VR V R V
Sxo1W S 0 1 0 WSx1W S0W
Sxo2W = S 0 0 1 WSx2W + S0W u
SS o WW SSa a a WWSSx WW SS1WW
x3 1 2 3 3
TR XV T XRT VX T X
y
S 1W x
S 1W
Sy2W = 8c1 c2 c 3BSx2W
SSy WW SSx WW
3 3
T X T X
So, we have the matrices
R V
S0 1 0 W
[A ] = S 0 0 1 W
SSa a a WW
1 2 3
TR V X
S0W
[B ] = S0W
SS1WW
T X
[C ] = 8C1 C2 C 3B
Therefore, we obtain the contrvability matrix
in
U = 9B AB A2 BC
.
co
R V
S0 0 1 W
= S0 1 a3 W
.
SS1 a a + a 2WW
a
3 2 3
i
T X
So, | U | =- 1 ! 0
o d
i.e. the rank of controllability matrix is 3; which is equal to number of variable.
Hence, the system is always controlable matrix
.n
R V
SC W
w
[V ] = SCA W
SSCA2WW
w
T X
w
R V
S C1 C2 C3 W
=S C 3 a1 C1 + C 2 a 2 C2 + C3 a3 W
©
SS(C + C a ) C C a + (C + C a ) a C + C a + (C + C a ) a WW
2 3 3 1 3 1 2 3 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
T X
Therefore | V | depends on the value of the unknown.
Hence, the system is not observable always.
Note:
By Checking controlability only. We can deduce the answer. Although the
observability matrix is solved to verify the answer.
Q. 49 The input to a 1-bit quantizer is a random variable X with pdf f X ^x h = 2e-2x
for x $ 0 and fX ^x h = 0 for x < 0 . For outputs to be of equal probability, the
quantizer threshold should be ____.
Given the pdf of random variable.
2e-2x , x $ 0
fX (x ) = *
0 ,x < 0
Also, we have the 1 bit quantizer, which can be defined as
1, x $ xT
xq = *
0, x < xT
Where xT is threshold value. Since, the output should be of equal probability, i.e.
P (xq = 1) = P (xq = 0)
So, P (X $ xT ) = P (x < xT )
Therefore, we obtain the required value of threshold as
3
xT
#f X (x ) dx = #
0
fX (x ) dx
xT
xT
# #
3
& 2e-2x dx = 2e-2x dx
xT 0
e-2x D3 :2e-2x Dx
:2-
T
2 x = -2 0
T
-2xT
& 0+e =- e-2x + 1 T
& 2e-2x = 1 T
in
xT = 1 ln 2
.
&
2
co
= 0.35
.
Q. 50 Coherent orthogonal binary FSK modulation is used to transmit two
a
equiprobable symbol waveforms s1 ^ t h = a cos 2pf1 t and s2 ^ t h = a cos 2pf2 t , where
d i
a = 4 mV . Assume an AWGN channel with two sided noise power spectral
density N2 = 0.5 # 10-12 W/Hz . Using an optimal receiver and the relation
0
Q ^v h = #
o
3 -u2 /2
1
e du , the bit error probability for a data rate of 500 kbps is
. n
2p
v
(A) Q ^2 h (B) Q ^2 2 h
(C) Q ^4h
w (D) Q ^4 2 h
Sol. 50
w
w
Given the two equiprobable symbol waveforms,
d 1 (t ) = a cos (2pf1 t)
©
Data rate,
d 2 (t ) = a cos (2pf2 t); a = 4 mV = 4 # 10-3 V
Rb = 500 kbps = 5 # 105 bits/ sec

Noise power spectral density,
No = 0.5 10-12 W/Hz
2 #
or No = 2 # 0.5 # 10-12 = 10-12 W/Hz

So, we obtain energy per bit,
2 2
Eb = a T = a
2 2Rb
(4 # 10-3) 2
= = 16 # 10-12
2 # (5 # 105)
Hence, The bit error probability is given by
Eb 16 # 10-12
Pe = Q c No m = Q c m
10-12
= Q (4)
Q. 51 The power spectral density of a real stationary random process X ^ t h is given by

1
, f #W
SX ^ f h = *
W
0, f >W
The value of the expectation E ;pX ^ t h X bt - 1 lE is _____.
4W
Given the power spectral density
1 , | f |# W
SX (f ) = *W
0 , | f |> W
So, we obtain the autocorrelation function as
#S
3
RX (t) = X (f ) e j2pft dt
-3
j2pft W
#-W W1 e j2pft df = W1 =ej2pt G-W

W
=
= 1 ê j2ptW - e-j2ptW h = sin (2ptW)
in
j2ptW ptW
.
Now, we have to obtain
co
1
E :pX (t ) X bt - 4N lD = pE ;X (t ) X bt - 1 lE
4W
.
Since, we define the autocorrelation function as
i
RX (t ) = E [X (t ) X (t - t)]
a
d
1 1
So, RX b 4W l = E ;X (t ) X bt - 4W lE
o
.n
Hence, We get
1
E ;pX (t ) X bt - 4W lE = pRX b 1 l
w
4W
w
1
sin ;2p b 4W l W E
=p
w
pb 1 lW
4W
©
= 4 sin (p/2) = 4
Q. 52 If the figure, M ^ f h is the Fourier transform of the message signal m ^ t h where
A = 100 Hz and B = 40 Hz . Given v ^ t h = cos ^2ffc t h and w ^ t h = cos ^2p ^ f c + Ah t h
, where f c > A . The cutoff frequencies of both the filters are f c .
The bandwidth of the signal at the output of the modulator (in Hz) is____.

We have the waveform of fourier transform of message signal as
Now, we have the signal

v (t ) = cos (2pfc t)
So, the frequency spectrum for the signal v (t ) m (t ) is
. in
. co
i a
Now, the signal passes through high pass filter with cut off frequency fc . So, it
d
stops the signal component with frequency higher than fc . Therefore, the frequency
o
spectrum for filtered signal is obtained as
. n
w
w
w
©
Again, the signal is multiplied with w (t ) defined as
w (t ) = cos [2p (fc + A) t ]
So, we get the frequency spectrum as
Again, the signal is passed through low pass filter with cut off frequency fc .
Hence, the waveform of output signal is
Therefore, the bandwidth of output signal is

A - B = 100 - 40 = 60 Hz
Q. 53 If the electric field of a plane wave is

Ev^z, t h = xt3 cos ^wt - kz + 30ch - yt4 sin ^wt - kz + 45ch
(mV/m),
the polarization state of the plane wave is
(A) left elliptical (B) left circular
(C) right elliptical (D) right circular
Q. 54 In the transmission line shown, the impedance Zin (in ohms) between node A and
the ground is _____.
Correct answer is 33.33 ohm.
in
Sol. 54
.
Q. 55 For a rectangular waveguide of internal dimensions a # b â > b h, the cur-off
co
frequency for the TE11 mode is the arithmetic mean of the cut-off frequencies for
TE10 mode and TE10 mode and TE20 mode. If a = 5 cm, the value of b (in cm)
is______.
a .
i
o d
END OF THE QUESTION PAPER
.n
************
w
w
w
©
ANSWER KEY
General Aptitude
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(B) (B) (C) (B) (45) (C) (D) (163) (D) (A)
Electronics & Communication

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(200) (50) (A) (C) (A) (D) (1.25) (D) (B) (D)
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
(B) (B) (34.722) (D) (4) (C) (C) (B) (0.5) (4)
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
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(D) (A) (0.5) (70.7) (B) (B) (B) (49) (3) (0.45)
co
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
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(1.24) (A) (2.50) (4000) (30.7) (B) (C) (C) (0.9) (C)
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
(D) (D) (10) (A) (0.2)
d i (C) (0.50) (A) (0.35) (C)
o
51 52 53 54 55
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(4) (60) (A) (33.33) (2)
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Q. 1 - Q. 5 carry one mark each.

Q. 6 - Q. 10 carry two mark each.

(A) Item 2 (B) Item 3

Sol. 10 Correct option is (A).

END OF THE QUESTION PAPER

Electronics and Communication

Q. 1 - Q. 25 carry one mark each.

Now, we check this value for point of maxima. We have

& log e y = 1 - 1 + 1 2 - ....

lim y = lim 8ec1 - 2x + 3x B

Q. 5 If the characteristic equation of the differential equation

Sol. 5 Correct option is (A).

At t = 0 , switch is closed. But, we know the properties:

Sol. 9 Correct option is (B).

We define the current series feedback as

(A) Acm increases

For the two stages of cascade, we have

Q. 21 For the following system,

when X1 ^s h = 0 , the transfer function

The characteristic impedance (in W ) of the l/4 transformer is ______.

Given the vector field,

Q. 30 A series LCR circuit is operated at a frequency different from its resonant

Initially, the capacitor is uncharged, i.e.

Therefore, the voltage across capacitor at any particular time t is given as

electron mobility, m n = 1000 cm2 /V -S

& Dn = 25 # 10-3 Volt

= 0.3065 # 105 V/cm

Q. 36 When a silicon diode having a doping concentration of NA = 9 # 1016 cm-3 on p

o = 0.3 # 10-4 cm = 0.3 mm

(A) - 5 and 2.7 (B) 2.7 and 5

and the input voltage is Vi = 5 sin (wt)

(A) 0.625 (B) 0.75

Sol. 38 Correct option is (C).

The gate and drain terminals are common, So we have

Sol. 39 Correct answer is 0.9.

From the circuit, we have

(A) 01110.... (B) 01010....

(A) MVI A, F8H

Q. 43 Consider a discrete-time signal

Sol. 44 Correct option is (A).

Given the integral, # sin c (5t) dt

x (t ) = sin C (5t) = sin 5pt

From Parsevall’s Theorem, we have

From the signal flow graph, we obtain

Rb = 500 kbps = 5 # 105 bits/ sec

or No = 2 # 0.5 # 10-12 = 10-12 W/Hz

Q. 51 The power spectral density of a real stationary random process X ^ t h is given by

#-W W1 e j2pft df = W1 =ej2pt G-W

= 1 ^e j2ptW - e-j2ptW h = sin (2ptW)

Sol. 52 Correct answer is 60.

Now, we have the signal

Therefore, the bandwidth of output signal is

Q. 53 If the electric field of a plane wave is

Correct answer is 33.33 ohm.

Electronics & Communication

d i (C) (0.50) (A) (0.35) (C)

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