178A HYDROGEOLOGY:GROUNDWATER
width-to-maximum-depth ratio of approximately 5:1.
-from Authors
944027 Ground-motion and soil-response analyses for
Leninakan, 1988 Armenia earthquake
M . K . Yegian, V. G. Ghahraman & G. Gazetas, Journal
o f Geotechnical Engineering - ASCE, 120(2), 1994, pp
330-348.
This paper presents results from analytical soft amplifica-
tion studies using actual soil profiles from Leninakan and
investigates whether or not current state-of-practice
methods could adequately explain the damage statistics
and their local and geographical distribution in the city.
Results indicate that, when using proper laboratory and
field measurements of soil propemes, one-dimensional soil
amplification analyses can explain well not only the trends
observed in the intensity anddistribution of structures in
Leninakan. -from Authors
944028 Seismological, soil and valley effects in Kiro-
vakan, 1988 Armenia earthquake
M . K . Yegian, V. G. Ghahraman & G. Gazetas, Journal
o f Geotechnical Engineering - ASCE, 120(2), 1994, pp
349-365.
There is substantial evidence that the city of Kirovakan,
Armenia, despite its proximity (10 kin) to the fault, experi-
enced in general very small intensity of shaking during the
1988 earthquake. Moreover, the distribution o f damage in
the city was very nonuniform. In this paper, first, argu-
ments are presented to show that seismological and geolo-
gic factors, relating to the generation and transmission of
the seismic waves, could explain the unusually weak base
excitation in Kirovakan. Then, the results of one-dimen-
sional (1D) wave-propagation analysis, using soil profiles
with field and laboratory measured parameters, axe
presented to explain the damage statics in five zones into
which the city was divided. -from Authors
944029 Liquefaction-induced damage to buildings in
1990 Luzon earthquake
K. Tokimatsu, H. Kojima, S. Kuwayama, A. Abe & S.
Midorikawa, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering - ASCE,
120(2), 1994, pp 290-307.
The Luzon Earthquake of 1990 (M~ = 7.8) caused soil
liquefaction in a widespread area that in turn caused cru-
cial damage to various structures. After presenting an over-
view of the geotechnical aspects of the earthquake, this
paper describes damage patterns of buildings in Dagupan
city where fine to silty sands liquefied extensively. Also
~resented arc geomorphological conditions, Standard
yenetration Test (SPT) results, and shear wave velocity
(V,) profiles determined by a Rayleigh wave method; and
their relations to the building damage of the city.
-from Authors
Frost action, permafrost and frozen
ground
944030 Reliability and durability of bases of engineer-
ing structures on permafrost soils under global climatic
heatin~ conditions
L. N. Khrustalev, G. P. Pustovoit & L. V. Emel yanova,
Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering, 30(3), 1993,
~ e 92-96; translated from: Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i
khanika Grunter, 30(3), 1993, pp 10-13.
Examines the effect of global climatic heating on the sta-
bility of engineering structures constructed onpermafrost
soils. They give evaluations of the reliability and durability
of buildings in different regions of the cryolithozone and
present recommendations for increasing the useful life of
engineering structures under global warming conditions.
-Journal summary
HYDROGEOLOGY
Groundwater
944031 Transient infinite elements for contaminant
transport problems
Chongbin Zhao & S. Valliappan, International Journal
for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 37(7), 1994, pp
1143-1158.
The numerical results from the present transient infinite
element have excellent agreements with the corresponding
analytical solutions. Compared with the previous infinite
elements, the present infinite element has the following
special characteristics: 1) both space and time variables
were explicitly considered in the formulation; 2) its pro-
~ rty matrices were expressed in a closed form; 3) it can
used to represent the far field of a mass/contaminant
transport problem in a homogeneous, anisotropic infinite
medium; 4) it was constructedin a global co-oidinate sys-
tem. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the transient
infinite element be used for the numerical simulation of
contaminant transport problems in infinite media.
-from Authors
944032 Ecoulements transitoires en geometric fractale
avec drainance: theorie et application (Transient flow
with fractal geometry and leakage: theory and applica-
tion)
Se-Yeong Hamm & P. Bidaux, Comptes Rendus -
Academic des Sciences, Serie II: Sciences de la Terre et
des Planetes, 318(2), 1994, pp 227-233.
An analytical solution for transient flow with leakage in a
reservoir with fractal hydrodynamic behaviour is derived.
Drawdowns on the pumping well and on obsercation wells
are expressed for a e o n s ~ - r a t e test. A field app1~ation to
fractured basement rock in South Korea illustr~s this new
model. Well test analysis results show both the effect of a
non-integral flow dimension (n = 1.5) and the stabilizing
role of leakage. There is an abridged English version.
-English summary
944033 Rearrangement of fine particles in porous
media causing reduction of permeabilit~ and formation
of preferred pathways of flow: experlmental findings
and a conceptual model
L. C. Goldenberg, I. Hutcheon, N. Wardlaw & A. J.
Melloul, Transport in Porous Media, 13(3), 1993, pp
221-237.
The rearrangement of matrix configuration due to the redis-
l~neo'rbUtionof clay particles was studied by introducing dif-
ent suspenslons into porous media, Clay (kaolinite) with
ow CEC (cation exchange capacity) and small flocs of
high CEC clay (smectite) accumulated in regions of slow
flow. In some experiments this was followed by rapid accu-
mulation in regmns of high velocity, imp air~" ~ow to a
considerable degree. Clay with high CEC f o ~ d more
voluminous structures which could bridge over a passage
and impair the flow. In either case, whether small or large
~ ts o f clay are involved, the final flow occurred mainly
ough open, preferred pathways. Such vrocesses of redis,
tr/bution and appearance of flow pathw'ays may occur in
subsurface porous media aquifers where forced gradients
exist. -from Authors
944034 Buoyancy-induced flow of non-Newtonian
fluids in a porous medium past a vertical fiat plate with
nonuniform surface heat flux
K. N. Mehta & K. N. Rao, International Journal o f
Engineering Science, 32(2), 1994, pp 297-302.
Steady buoyancy-induced flow of a non-Newtonian fluid in
a porous medium bounded by a vertical flat plate with
prescribed variable wall heat flux is investigated analyti-
cally by Karman-Pohlhausen integral method] and numeri-
cally by similarity method. The results for excess surface
temperature obtained from the two methods are found to be