Week 2 - Design of Key Wood Elements PDF

SEABC Certificate in Structural Engineering Program
C11 - Timber Design for Light Residential and Commercial Buildings

Jan 2017 Week 2 – Design of Key Wood Elements
Design of Key Wood

Elements
Robert Jirava, P.Eng, Struct.Eng

MANAGING PARTNER – HORACE ENGINEERING
1
Key Wood Elements Design

Changes to numbering of chapters in CSA 086 Engineering Design in Wood:
May 2009 O86 May 2014 O86
1 Scope 1 Scope
2 Definitions 2 Reference publications
3 Objectives and design requirements 3 Definitions, symbols and spacing dimensions
4 General design 4 Objectives and design requirements
5 Sawn lumber 5 General design
6 Glued-laminated lumber (glulam) 6 Sawn lumber
7 Structural panels 7 Glued-laminated lumber (glulam)
8 Composite building components 8 Cross-laminated timber (CLT)
9 Lateral load-resisting systems 9 Structural panels
10 Fastenings 10 Composite building components
11 Timber piling 11 Lateral load-resisting systems
12 Pole-type construction 12 Connections
13 Proprietary structural wood products – 13 Timber piling
Design
14 Proprietary structural wood products – 14 Pole-type construction
Materials and evaluation
15 Proprietary structural wood products –
Design
16 Proprietary structural wood products –
Materials and evaluation
2

Starting with first few chapters of CSA O86-01 code:
3

There are many publications the O86 code refers to:
4

5

6

Starting with first few chapters of CSA O86-01 code:
7

The list of definitions is extensive, it is good to go through it to better understand code meaning:
8

9

10

11

12

13

14
Key Wood Elements Design Part 4 - Objectives and Design Requirements:
15
Key Wood Elements Design Next part of CSA O86-01 code:
16
Key Wood Elements Design Part 5 - General Design:
17
18
19
20
21
22

For those of us who work in metric units:
23
Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Part 6 - Sawn Lumber – let’s start out looking at joists
• used in parallel to cover a span, over a certain roof or floor area
• as they work in parallel (or in “systems”) so they can share a load
• Most joist systems fall in the category of “Case 2 systems”, where the joists are spaced no more than 24-in apart AND are
covered with min 9.5mm panel sheathing or min 17mm lumber sheathing overlain with panels or finish flooring; also
sheathing must be fastened to the joists with 2” common nails spaced at 6”oc on panel edges and 12”oc field spacing
• Refer to Chapter 6 of CSA-O86 for Sawn Lumber
24

Sawn Joists
• Joists that fall under Case 2 are subject to strength
increase according to factor KH
• Joists strengths are subject to other factors as well, such as the load duration factor KD (mentioned in last lecture) and the
service condition factor KS and the treatment factor KT
25

Sawn Joists, Bending resistance
6.1 Scope, 6.2 Materials, 6.3 Specified Strengths, 6.4 Modification Factors, 6.5 Strength and Resistance
26

Sawn Joists, Size factor, KZb
27

Sawn Joists, Next, let’s go back to Lateral Stability Factor, KL, for use when the member is LATERALLY UNSUPPORTED
28
29
30

So what does all this mean?
Let’s look at the slenderness ratio CB in terms of the previous sentences

and observe the effects on KL as we vary the span of a LATERALLY
UNSUPPORTED member
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
31

Sawn Joists, Shear Resistance
6.1 Scope, 6.2 Materials, 6.3 Specified Strengths, 6.4 Modification Factors, 6.5 Strength and Resistance
32
33
34
35
36
Factored
shear, acting
at centerline
Take this of support
component
dn
e
37
38
SOURCE: Engineering Mechanics of Solids, E.P.Popov 39


Sawn Joists, Sections
Let’s check a typical 2x10 floor joist, in Douglas Fir species, No.1 / No. 2 grade, for bending and shear strengths.
Let’s say the top of the joist is supported continuously by plywood and joist
bridging is also installed.
40
41

When does shear govern the design, and when does flexure govern the design? Does deflection sometimes govern?
42

What happens when we tighten up our deflection criteria? What about VIBRATION?
43

Sawn Joists, Sections – Vibration Design
There are two types of vibration: continuous and transient.

Continuous vibrations may arise from human activities such as group activities (dance or aerobics) or from machines.
On wood frame floors, continuous vibration is not very common – usually happen on concrete and/or steel structures.
The main source of annoyance in wood frame buildings is walking vibrations.
QUIET!!!
44

When does it occur?
At the following frequencies (Hz):
45

How can we remedy?
1. We can reduce the span (add a column or a cross beam) – INCREASES the natural frequency of the system
2. Use full-height partitions that increase damping on the floor
3. Add bridging between the joists
4. Use a thicker flooring system, one with structural value. Hardwood flooring may achieve this
5. Reinforce the individual joists. For I-joists, plywood plates may be added to the sides to increase the section
46

Rather than calculating the natural frequency of a floor system, which can be difficult to carry out, and can be fraught with error, let
us apply a method of limiting floor deflection that has been researched by the NRCC, USA Applied Technology Council and the AISC.
First Floor deflection should be limited to
Imperial D ≤ 0.024 + 0.1 e -0.18(L-6.4) ≤ 0.08 in where L is in feet

Metric D ≤ 0.6 +2.5 e -0.6(L-2) ≤ 2.0 mm where L is in meters
For a 225lb (1.0kN) load
47

The formula for calculating the deflection of a floor system under a 225lb concentrated load comes from the familiar midspan point
load deflection equation, and is modified for floor joist continuity and number of joists participating in the system
D = (Cpd / Neff) PL3 / 48 EIeff

where
Cpd = continuity factor for point load (0.7 for continuous, 1.0 for simple span)
Neff = number of effective joists ≥ 1.0
P = 225 lbs (1.0kN)
L = joist span, inches (mm)
EIeff = effective flexural stiffness of the floor panel, lb-in2 (N-mm2)
So how do you calculate the stiffness of the “floor panel”?
48

EIeff = EI / ( 1 + gEI / Cfn EIj)

where
EI = stiffness of the floor panel, lb-in2

Cfn = 1.0 for simple spans (see graph on following sheet for continuous spans)
E = modulus of elasticity, psi
G = modulus of rigidity, psi (for wood use G=100,000 psi or E/G = 20)
g = 14.4 / (L/r)2 (E/G) for sawn lumber
G = 96 EIm / KsL 2 for I-joists
L = joist span, in
r = radius of gyration of joist, in
Ij = moment of inertia of the joist
Ks = shear deflection constant
= (0.4 x 106) d, lb for I-joists
= d x 106, lb for engineered metal web trusses
= 2 x 106, lb for engineered metal-plate connected wood trusses
d = joist depth, in
49

50

51

52

53

Sawn Joists – Other requirements – NBCC 2005 Part 9 (note we are under NBCC 2015 today but this has not changed)
54

Sawn Joists – Other requirements – NBCC 2005 Part 9
55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

Sawn Joists – Permissible Holes
63

Sawn Joists – Permissible Holes
64

Sawn Joists – Other span computation resources – Span Book Tables – Spruce-Pine-Fir
65

Sawn Joists – Other span computation resources – Span Book Tables – Spruce-Pine-Fir cont’d
66

Sawn Joists – Other span computation resources – Span Book Tables – Douglas-Fir
67

Sawn Joists – Other span computation resources – Span Book Tables – Douglas-Fir
68

Part 15 – I-joists
• Introduced 30 years ago, with an eye to building a better-performing, more efficient floor framing member
• Available in depths ranging from 9.25” to 24”; piece lengths up to 60ft (18m)
• Chords usually from lumber, and webs are OSB or plywood
• Parallel chord trusses are similar, and may have either flat or upright chords
• Refer to Chapter 15 of CSA-O86-14 for Proprietary Structural Wood Products
69

Part 15 – I-joists
70

Part 13 – I-joists – Modification Factors
71

Part 13 – I-joists – Strength Calculations
72

73

74

Part 13 – I-joists – Proprietary Products
SOURCE: ILevel Trus Joist TJI Joist Specifier’s Guide August 2010 75













Built-up Beams
• composed of several joists, laminated side-by-side, to form one “multi-ply” or “built-up” beam
• used for light loads
• allows for simpler use of materials
• consist of 2 plies, and can go as many as 5 or 6 plies
• remember that as wood seasons moisture (bound water) needs to go outwards, and built-up beams may not season as well
as surrounding materials, and thus will not shrink as much as surrounding joists might
• Caution – Be careful with this situation, may end up with floor “hump” at built-up beam
88

Built-up Beams – Part 9 code requirements
89

Built-up Beams – Part 9 code requirements
90

Built-up Beams – further caveats
• where possible, built-up beams should be top-loaded
• if inevitable, side-loading may be done within limits
• if side load is transferred to the outer ply, must subsequently design a transfer to the remaining plies
• For example, consider a 3-ply, side-loaded built-up beam; the load is imparted on the outer ply, so 2/3 of the load must
work its way into the remaining two plies
• Usually thru-bolting is the solution
• There are limitations to nailing side-loaded, built-up beams
• It is usually advisable to go instead with a solid beam
91

Shear Flow: Building up beams vertically
Shear Flow q = V Q / I
Where Q = static moment of area around neutral axis

I = total moment of inertia
V = vertical shear carried by total section
SOURCE: Engineering Mechanics of Solids, E.P.Popov 92
93

BEAMS
• Also called girders

• Usually beams carry joists or rafters that are attached to the beam from one or from both sides
• Beams can carry other beams
• Beams can carry point loads (from columns above)
• Beams can carry combinations of all of these types of loads – don’t forget that beams can also carry seismic and wind loads!
• Due to the heavier loads that are carried, when compared to joists, other issues arise that must be dealt with
BEARING
• Is the effect of crushing the beam or the supporting / loading member at the beam support or point of load application
94

BEAMS
95

BEAMS
96

BEAMS
97

BEAMS
SOURCE: Simpson Strong Tie 98


BEAMS
99
Section 6.5.6 - Sawn Lumber – Compressive Resistance Parallel to Grain – STUD WALLS
• studs are vertical members, used in parallel to cover a height, over a certain wall area
• they work in parallel (or in “systems”) so they can share a load
• studs spaced 610mm (24”) o.c. or closer, in groups of 3 or more, are considered to share loads
• sheathed at least one side with plywood, OSB or drywall (the latter should not be counted upon for lateral support)
12-ft tall wall example:
2x6 @16”oc
Sheathing, 2 rows of blocking to
prevent weak-axis buckling
8-ft tall wall example:
2x6 @16”oc
Sheathing, 1 row of blocking to
prevent weak-axis buckling
Sawn lumber used has depths from 38 x 89 to 184 (2x4 to 2x8)

but stud grade is available only for 2x4 and 2x6
Must resist load effects that would cause buckling of the studs
Weak axis buckling may be further enhanced with blocking
Usually considered pin-ended
Must also design plates to prevent crushing by studs, and this will
sometimes govern especially in shorter, stockier walls
100
So how does this translate to a usable number, for axial capacity? Equation 6.5.6.2.3
Pr = f Fc A KZc Kc
Where
f Fc = factored compressive stress, MPa (ksi) (see Table 3.2, following page)
A = cross sectional area, mm (in )2 2
KZc = size factor

= 6.3 (d Ld) -0.13 ≤ 1.3 for buckling in the direction of d
or
= 6.3 (b Lb) -0.13 ≤ 1.3 for buckling in the direction of b
Kc = slenderness factor
= [ 1.0 + (Fc / E’) KZc Cc3] -1
Fc / E’ = strength to stiffness ratio (see Table 3.3, following page)
Cc = slenderness ratio, greater of KeLd / d or KeLb / b, max value of 50
Ke = effective length factor (almost always 1.0 unless studs are continuous past a support point)
Ld, Lb = unsupported length associated with d or b, mm (in)
d = depth of member, mm (in)
b = width of member, mm (in)
101
f Fc = factored compressive stress, MPa (ksi) (see Table 3.2 from handbook)
102
Fc / E’ = strength to stiffness ratio (see Table 3.3 from handbook)
103
We’ve all no doubt seen this familiar table, for effective lengths:
Mostly studs fall into these “k”

values
104
Example:
Calculate the factored axial capacity of 2x6@16”oc SPF No.2 studs. Assume pin-ended top and bottom. Ht = 12 ft.
Other parameters:
Concentric Axial Loading
Standard Term Loading, Dry Service
SPF No.2 plates
Convert to metric:
Calculate the factored axial capacity of 38x140@400oc SPF

No.2 studs. Assume pin-ended top and bottom. Ht = 3.6m.
105
Pr = f Fc A KZc Kc
Where
f Fc = 10.1 MPa (per Table 3.2, previous page)

A = 5,320 mm 2
KZc = 6.3 (140 x 3600) -0.13 = 1.14 ≤ 1.3 for buckling in the direction of d
or
= 6.3 (38 x 1200) -0.13 = 1.56 ≤ 1.3 → 1.3 for buckling in the direc on of b
Kc = [ 1.0 + (55.6 x 10-6) 1.14 x 25.73] -1 = 0.48
= [ 1.0 + (55.6 x 10-6) 1.3 x 31.63] -1 = 0.30
Cc = slenderness ratio, greater of KeLd / d = 25.7 or KeLb / b = 31.6, max value of 50
Ke = 1.0
Ld, Lb = 3,600mm and 1,200mm respectively
d = depth of member, 140mm
b = width of member, 38mm
Prb = (10.1)(5,320)(1.14)(0.48) = 29.4kN

Prd = (10.1)(5,320)(1.3)(0.30) = 21.0kN
Note that the stud tables list the compressive resistance of the same stud as 29.6kN. Why is the tabulated number higher?
Don’t forget about plate crushing!!
Qr = f Fcp d b = f fcp (KD KSCp KT KB KZCp) A = (0.8)(5.3 MPa)(1.0) (1.0) (1.0) (1.0) (1.0)(5,320 mm2) = 22.6 kN
Pr = min (29.4, 21, 22.6) = 21kN per stud (= 21kN / 0.4m = 52 kN/m of wall)
106
Example:
Calculate the factored axial capacity of a (3) ply - 2x6 built-up SPF No.2 stud added to the previous example wall.
Other parameters:
Standard Term Loading, Dry Service
SPF No.2 plates
Convert to metric:
Calculate the factored axial capacity of (3)-38x140 SPF No.2

studs. Assume pin-ended top and bottom. Ht = 3.6m.
107
Pr = f Fc A KZc Kc
Where

A = 5,320 x 3 = 15,960mm 2
KZc = 6.3 (140 x 3600) -0.13 = 1.14 ≤ 1.3 for buckling in the direction of d
or
= 6.3 (3 x 38 x 1200) -0.13 = 1.35 ≤ 1.3 → 1.3 for buckling in the direc on of b
Kc = [ 1.0 + (55.6 x 10-6) 1.14 x 25.73] -1 = 0.48
= [ 1.0 + (55.6 x 10-6) 1.3 x 10.53] -1 = 0.92
Cc = slenderness ratio, greater of KeLd / d = 25.7 or KeLb / b = 10.5, max value of 50
Ke = 1.0
Ld, Lb = 3,600mm and 1,200mm respectively
d = depth of member, 140mm
b = width of member, 38mm x 3
Prb = (10.1)(15,960)(1.14)(0.48) = 88.2kN

Prd = (10.1)(15,960)(1.3)(0.92) = 193kN
Note that the stud tables list the compressive resistance of the same stud as 36.1kN. Why is the tabulated number much
lower?
Don’t forget about plate crushing!!
Qr = f Fcp d b = f fcp (KD KSCp KT KB KZCp) A = (0.8)(5.3 MPa)(1.0) (1.0) (1.0) (1.0) (1.0)(3)(5,320 mm2) = 67.8 kN
Pr = min (88.2, 193, 67.8) = 68kN

108
Example:
Calculate the factored axial capacity of a 6x6 DFL No.1 COLUMN, opposite the wall in the previous example. Assume pin-
ended top and bottom. Ht = 12 ft.
Other parameters:
Standard Term Loading, Dry

Service
No plates, just end-bearing

upon concrete
Convert to metric:
Calculate the factored axial

capacity of 140x140 DFL
No.1 post. Assume pin-
ended top and bottom. Ht
= 3.6m.
109
Again, refer to Equation 6.5.6.2.3
Pr = f Fc A KZc Kc
Where
f Fc = factored compressive stress, MPa (ksi) (see Table 3.6, following page)
A = cross sectional area, mm (in )2 2
KZc = size factor

= 6.3 (d Ld) -0.13 ≤ 1.3 for buckling
Kc = slenderness factor
= [ 1.0 + (Fc / E’) KZc Cc3] -1
Fc / E’ = strength to stiffness ratio (see Table 3.7, following page)
Cc = slenderness ratio, KeL / d,max value of 50
Ke = effective length factor (almost always 1.0 unless studs are continuous past a support point)
L = unsupported length, mm (in)
d = depth of member, mm (in)
b = width of member, mm (in)
110
111
112
Again, Equation 6.5.6.2.3
Pr = f Fc A KZc Kc
Where

A = 19,600 mm 2
KZc = 6.3 (140 x 3600) -0.13 = 1.14 ≤ 1.3 for buckling

Kc = [ 1.0 + (34.9 x 10-6) 1.14 x 25.73] -1 = 0.60
Cc = slenderness ratio KeL / d = 25.7, max value of 50
Ke = 1.0
L = 3,600mm
d=b = depth of member, 140mm
Pr = (6.34)(19,600)(1.14)(0.60) = 85.0kN
Note that the column tables list the compressive resistance of the same column as 107.5kN (using linear interpolation). Why
is the tabulated number higher?
113
Tension Members, here is the equation for sawn lumber tensile capacity
Tr = f Ft AN KZt
Where
f Ft = f ft (KD KH KSt KT) = factored tensile stress, MPa (ksi) where f = 0.9
AN = net cross sectional area, mm2 (in2)
KZt = size factor
114
Beam-Column Members, where the effects of axial load are combined with bending, where the axial stresses increase the
bending stresses but there is also instability danger due to the P-D effect
P f / Pr + M f / M r ≤ 1.0
Tf / Tr + Mf / Mr ≤ 1.0
where
Pf ,Pr = factored axial compression and compressive resistance

Tf ,Tr = factored axial tension and tensile resistance
To compute Mf the effects of the secondary moment must be considered (P-D effect).
115
where
M’f = factored bending moment due to lateral load only

Pf = factored axial load
H = column height
w = service lateral load
wf = factored lateral load
DL = deflection due to lateral loading = 5wH4 / 384 EI
DT = deflection due to lateral loading plus secondary effects
= DL [ 1 / 1 – (Pf / PE) ]
where
PE = p2 Es I / (Ke H)2 = Euler buckling load for column
To compute Mf the effects of the secondary moment must be considered (P-D effect).
116
PLYWOOD OR PANEL SHEATHING

• USED TO COVER A SERIES OF JOISTS, RAFTERS OR TRUSSES THAT ARE SPACED AT INTERVALS COMPATIBLE WITH THE
SHEATHING MODULES
• SHEATHING PANEL LENGTH IS 96”
THEREFORE SPACING (THUS SHEATHING SPANS) USUALLY 96” / 4 = 24”
96” / 5 = 19.2”
96“ / 6 = 16”
96” / 8 = 12”
THE WOOD DESIGN MANUAL RECOMMENDS MINIMUM PANEL THICKNESSES ACCORDING TO TYPE OF
SHEAHTING, LOAD, AND SHEATHING SPAN
117
FLOOR SHEATHING
118
ROOF SHEATHING
119
ROOF SHEATHING – “H”-CLIPS
120
SHEATHING – PLANKS
1.5” PLANK 2.5” OR 3.5” PLANK

SINGLE TONGUE-AND-GROOVE DOUBLE T&G
MADE IN THE FOLLOWING SPECIES:

DOUGLAS FIR
HEM-FIR
SPF
WESTERN RED CEDAR
MADE IN THE FOLLOWING GRADES:

SELECT STRUCTURAL AND “COMMERCIAL”
121
122
123
PLATES
TRUSS
DOUBLE TOP PLATE
MID-SPAN LOADING
CONCENTRIC LOADING
124
PLATES – Part 9 of NBCC
9.23.11.3. Top Plates
1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) to (4), at least 2 top plates shall be provided in loadbearing walls.
2) A single top plate is permitted to be used in a section of a loadbearing wall containing a lintel provided the top plate forms
a tie across the lintel.
3) A single top plate is permitted to be used in loadbearing walls where the concentrated loads from ceilings, floors and roofs
are not more than 50 mm to one side of the supporting studs and in all non-loadbearing walls.
4) The top plates need not be provided in a section of loadbearing wall containing a lintel provided the lintel is tied to the
adjacent wall section with not less than
a)75 mm by 150 mm by 0.91 mm thick galvanized steel, or
b)19 mm by 89 mm by 300 mm wood splice nailed to each wall section with at least three 63 mm nails.
9.23.11.4. Joints in Top Plates
1) Joints in the top plates of loadbearing walls shall be staggered not less than one stud spacing.
2) The top plates in loadbearing walls shall be lapped or otherwise tied at corners and intersecting walls in accordance
with Sentence (4).
3) Joints in single top plates used with loadbearing walls shall be tied in accordance with Sentence (4).
4) Ties referred to in Sentences (2) and (3) shall be the equivalent of not less than 75 mm by 150 mm by 0.91 mm thick
galvanized steel nailed to each wall with at least three 63 mm nails.
125
PLATES – COMBINATIONS
1. BEARING STRESS DUE TO LOADING MEMBER
2. BEARING STRESS DUE TO SUPPORT MEMBER
3. BENDING STRESS
4. SHEAR STRESS
CRITICAL SECTION
3. BENDING STRESS
IT IS CLEAR THAT A TOP PLATE

CRITICAL SECTION
SHOULD BE ANALYZED AS A
SINGLE LAYER.
IT SHOULD BE RELIED UPON AS A

SINGLE LAYER AT ALL TIMES.
WILL COVER TENSION /

COMPRESSION DESIGN IN
SEISMIC LECTURES. 126
PARTS OF WOOD BUILDINGS – LATERAL LOAD RESISTING SYSTEM – FLOW OF FORCES
DIAPHRAGM
SHEAR
DIAPHRAGM,
SHEARWALL
STRUT
RESISTING
SHEAR SHEARWALL WALL STUDS
127
PARTS OF WOOD BUILDINGS – LATERAL LOAD RESISTING SYSTEM – FLOW OF FORCES
DIAPHRAGM
SHEARWALL
DIAPHRAGM RESISTING
SHEAR SHEAR
OVERTURNING
RESISTANCE 128
PARTS OF WOOD BUILDINGS – DIAPHRAGM
DIAPHRAGM
RESISTING RESISTING
SHEAR SHEAR
129
DIAPHRAGM LOAD
PARTS OF WOOD BUILDINGS – DIAPHRAGM L

V T = wL2 /8B V
TENSION CHORD
DIAPHRAGM
DIAPHRAGM
B SHEAR
v = wL /2B
COMPRESSION
CHORD
130
w
PARTS OF WOOD BUILDINGS – DIAPHRAGM
SHEARWALL
CHORD
FORCE
v = V H /B
v = V /B
SHEARWALL
SHEAR
H
131

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SEABC Certificate in Structural Engineering Program

C11 - Timber Design for Light Residential and Commercial Buildings

Design of Key Wood

Robert Jirava, P.Eng, Struct.Eng

Key Wood Elements Design

May 2009 O86 May 2014 O86

Key Wood Elements Design

Key Wood Elements Design

Key Wood Elements Design

Key Wood Elements Design

Key Wood Elements Design

Key Wood Elements Design

Key Wood Elements Design

Key Wood Elements Design

Key Wood Elements Design

Key Wood Elements Design

Key Wood Elements Design

Key Wood Elements Design

Key Wood Elements Design Part 4 - Objectives and Design Requirements:

Key Wood Elements Design Next part of CSA O86-01 code:

Key Wood Elements Design Part 5 - General Design:

Key Wood Elements Design Part 5 - General Design:

Key Wood Elements Design Part 5 - General Design:

Key Wood Elements Design Part 5 - General Design:

Key Wood Elements Design Part 5 - General Design:

Key Wood Elements Design

Key Wood Elements Design

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Let’s look at the slenderness ratio CB in terms of the previous sentences

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

SOURCE: Engineering Mechanics of Solids, E.P.Popov 39

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

There are two types of vibration: continuous and transient.

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

When does it occur?

At the following frequencies (Hz):

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

How can we remedy?

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

First Floor deflection should be limited to

Imperial D ≤ 0.024 + 0.1 e -0.18(L-6.4) ≤ 0.08 in where L is in feet

For a 225lb (1.0kN) load

Key Wood Elements Design – Horizontal Members

D = (Cpd / Neff) PL3 / 48 EIeff

So how do you calculate the stiffness of the “floor panel”?