Dynamics of Machines

Unit-2
Balancing of Reciprocating Masses(2 Marks)

Q.1) What do you mean by primary & secondary unbalance in reciprocating masses? (2.1)
Q.2) What is an unbalanced force? (2.1)
Q.3) Why partial balancing of reciprocating mass is preferred, Comment? (2.2)
Q.4) Differentiate between inside cylinder locomotive and outside cylinder locomotive. (2.3)
Q.5) Explain (i) Tractive force (2.3.2)
(ii) Swaying couple (2.3.3)
Q.6) What is hammer blow. What are its effects ? (2.3.1)
Q.7) What are inline engines. How are they balanced? (2.5.1)
Q.8) Give a brief account of direct & reverse crank method used for balancing in radial engine?
(2.5.2)
Q.9) Discuss balancing of V-engines? (2.5.2)
Q.10) State the expression for primary unbalanced force. What is its maximum magnitude?
(2.2)
Q.11) Why is balancing necessary for rotors of high speed engines? (2.1)
Q.12) State the expression for swaying couple for two cylinder locomotive engine? (2.3.3)
Q.13) Two masses in different planes are necessary to rectify the dynamic unbalance. Comment.
(1.4)
Q.14) State the expression for Hammer Blow for an uncoupled two cylinder locomotive engine?
(2.3.1)
Q.15) State the expression for variation of tractive force for two cylinder locomotive engine?
(2.3.2)
 Balancing of Reciprocating masses (20 marks)

Q.1.) Derive an expression for primary and secondary unbalanced forces in reciprocating
engines. Why the secondary unbalanced force is neglected for low and medium speed engines?
Explain. (2.1)
Q.2) Derive the following expressions, for an uncoupled two cylinder locomotive engine
a) Variation in tractive forces (2.3.2)
b) Swaying couple (2.3.3)
c) Hammer blow (2.3.1)
Q.3) Explain the „direct and reverse crank‟ method in detail for determining unbalanced forces in
radial engines. (2.5.2)
Q.4) A single cylinder reciprocating engine has a reciprocating mass of 60kg. the crank rotates at
60rpm and the stroke is 320mm. the mass of the revolving part at 160 mm radius is 40kg. if two-
third of reciprocating parts and the whole of the revolving parts are to be balanced, determine the
i. Balance mass required at a radius of 350 mm
ii. Unbalanced force when the crank has turned 50 0 from top dead centre
(2.2)
Q.5) the following data refer to a four coupled wheel locomotive with two inside cylinders:
pitch of cylinder = 600mm
Reciprocating mass/cylinder = 315kg, Revolving mass/cylinder = 260 kg
Distance between driving wheel = 1.6m, Distance between coupling rod = 2m
Diameter of driving wheels = 1.9m, revolving part for each coupling rod = 130kg
Engine crank radius = 300mm, Coupling rod crank radius = 240mm
Distance of centre of balance of mass in planes of Driving wheels from axle centre = 750mm
Angle between engine crank = 90 0, Angle b/w coupling rod crank with adjacent crank = 180 0
The balance mass required for the reciprocating parts is equally divided b/w each pair of coupled
wheels. Determine the
i. Magnitude & position of the balance mass required to balance 2/3rd of reciprocating and
whole of rotating parts
ii. Hammer blow & maximum variation of tractive force when locomotive speed is
80km/h.
(2.2)
Q.6) The three cylinders of an air compressor have their axes 120 0 to one another, & their
connecting rods are coupled to a single crank. The stroke is 100mm and the length of each
connecting rod is 150mm. the mass of the reciprocating parts per cylinder is 1.5 kg. find the
maximum primary and secondary forces acting on the frame of the compressor when running at
3000 rpm. Describe clearly a method by which such forces may be balanced. (2.2, 2.5)

Q.7) The cranks and connecting rods of a 4-cylinder in-line engine running at 1800rpm are
60mm and 240mm each respectively and the cylinders are spaced 150mm apart. If the cylinders
are numbered 1 to 4 in sequence from one end, the cranks appear at intervals of 900 in an end
view in the order 1-4-2-3. The reciprocating mass corresponding to each cylinder is 15kg.
Determine: 1. Unbalanced primary and secondary forces, if any and 2. Unbalanced primary and
secondary couples with reference to central plane of the engine. (2.2, 2.5)
Q.8) Find the magnitudes of the unbalanced primary and secondary forces in V-engine. Deduce
the expressions when the lines of stroke of the two cylinders are at 60ͦ & 90ͦ to each other. (2.5.2)
Q.9) Discuss in detail the balancing of inline engines. (2.5.1)
Q10)Discuss in detail “Direct & Reverse Crank method of balancing radial engines”. (2.5.2)

Prepared By : Vaibhav Raghav