DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ASSAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

PROJECT COMPLETION CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “Battery Voltage Monitor using OPAMP” is
successfully completed and submitted to Mr Deeptarka Deka, Assistant Professor of
Department of Electrical Engineering, Assam Engineering College, in order to fulfil the
requirement of practical knowledge on the subject matter of Analog Electronics (as per the
ASTU syllabus).

This is a bona fide project work carried out and presented by:

1. Kangkana Das (Roll No: 180610003042)

2. Aparna Kalita (Roll No: 180610003019)
3. Snigdha Rani Dowerah (Roll No: 180610003081)
4. Abhipsha Phukan (Roll no: 180610003005)

All help received by us from various sources have been duly acknowledged.
 ABSTRACT
This project on Anlaog electronics is aimed at making a strong base over the equipment’s
used by us along with developing knowledge about the practical utility and commercial
benefits gained from this project.

While building the project, we surely encountered many practical barriers due to lack of
sufficient knowledge on the basic workings and functions of the components used but by
recalling and brushing up our previous knowledge along with some ideas dispensing almost
every other day, it became possible for us to present a practicable and beneficial Analog
project for the fulfilment of requirement of our practical knowledge over this subject.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION​: The project that we choose to do as our Analog Electronics Project
is entitled as “Battery Voltage Monitor using OPAMP”. ​This simple battery voltage monitor
that we are going to build is made up of light-emitting diodes (LED) indicators which will get
turned on, as corresponding to different voltage levels and act as monitor that keeps a check
on the battery voltage level. It is applied in battery operation system where unmitigated
results could arise if the battery level goes beyond a certain level. Apart from the basic LED
indicators, we will be using Zener diodes, Operational amplifier and a potentiometer. After
knowing about the configuration, basic workings and functions of the components, the
essential steps in the project was to get compatible with the components and their stipulated
values so that we can work on it. We then progressively learned how to simulate, construct
and solder together the equipment’s on a PCB.
 BATTERY VOLTAGE MONITOR USING OPAMP

Batteries ​in the long run remain the most practical source of juice for most of the electronic
circuits. A ​battery is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy in the form
of voltage, which in turn can cause the current to flow. All rechargeable batteries has their
specific level of charging and discharging and they are more likely to get damaged if the
battery voltage level exceeds that specific level. In order to indicate the state of a battery and
monitor its various voltage levels, we have choose a simple project on Battery Voltage
Monitor​.​Itis a simplistic & inexpensive battery monitoring system designed to monitor
battery under different voltage conditions​. ​The battery voltage monitor is designed and
fabricated around an operational amplifier OPAMP IC741 configured as comparator , where
three different colours of LED is used as indicator that indicates the corresponding three
voltage level state of a 12 V battery. Here, we have also used Zener diodes with appropriate
stipulated values for the proper functioning of the project by keeping in mind the workings
and functions of the used components.

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED

NAME OF THE QUANTITY OF THE RATINGS

EQUIPMENT SPECIFIED ITEM

OPAMP LM741 Three (3) -

Light Emitting Diodes Three (3) -

Colour: Red, Yellow,

Green

Zener diodes Three (3) 3 Volt, 6 Volt, 10 Volt

Battery One (1) 12 Volt

Potentiometer One (1) 1 kilohms

Bread Board One (1) -

PCB One (1) -

Below table shows the status of LED’s with input voltage level after the simulation was
done:

PERCENTAGE STATUS OF LED’S

0% Red, yellow,green- ON
3% Red, yellow,green-
ON
4% Red,yellow-- ON

10% Red,yellow- ON
14% Red,yellow- ON

15% Red- ON
19% Red- ON

32% Red- ON

47% Red- ON
54% Red- ON

55% No led’s glow

69% No led’s glow

82% No led’s glow
100% No led’s glow

APPLICATIONS:

● We can use this circuit to measure car battery level. Example: In practical field, it is
designed to plug in to a car “cigar lighter” socket and display the voltage on a remote
LED display.
● This circuit is used to calibrate inverter status.

LIMITATIONS:
● This battery level indicator works only for small voltages.
● This circuit is theoretical and may require some changes to work in practical.
 CONCLUSION

On successful completion of this project, we firstly knew how to describe and plan a project
involving analogue electronics. Secondly, knew how to construct a hardware solution for an
analogue electronics problem. Thirdly, learned how to sketch a schematic diagram of the
circuit along with component values. Fourthly, we encountered a process select a definite test
strategy to check each stage of the design and carry out the respective project on a bread
board. Finally after the hindmost verification of the procedure, we complete it by doing it on
a PCB and record the appropriate results. And at last, prepare a structured and comprehensive
technical report on the project.

While designing the project we, also came to know a lot about:
● The principle of workings,
● The functions,
● The applications,
● And the limitations etc of the corresponding components.
As a result, we got small amount of errors in our experiment. Most of our errors are coming
from the specified led indicators and their analogous voltage levels.
Apart from trying to make the circuits on our own, finding the appropriate equipment’s and
stipulate their values and thus observing it’s working, we learned how to work in a group,
manage the project on our own, divide up the workload between ourselves and apply a
‘divide-and-conquer’ approach to tackle the designated task. Thus, the project involves
constructing circuits from components in modular form and testing and documenting each
section before proceeding further. This simplifies the task of verifying and modifying the
design.

As a conclusion, this project gave us a deep understanding to the combination of both

software and hardware and helped us to clear all our doubts related to basic electronics
components.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
References:
1. Electronics Devices and Circuits - Bell David A(OXFORD)
2. Concept of Physics – Verma H C
3. Physics ( 2​nd​ year ) NCERT
4. https://www.google.nl/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=https://www.elprocus.com/t
op-10-simple-electronic-projects-for-beginners-in-2014/&ved=2ahUKewjzrav
kltrlAhWRheYKHT3uBosQFjAAegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw2JwLIXfDUQ9
09FWH5tCuDw
5. https://www.circuitbread.com/ee-faq/what-are-the-advantages-of-using-batteri
es-as-power-supplies
6. Wikipedia