TASK: PHYSICS OLYMPIADE-1

1. Two samples of an ideal gas are initially at the same temperature and pressure, they are each
compressed reversibly from a volume V to volume V/2, one isothermally; the other
adiabatically. (a) In which sample is the final pressure greater? (b) Determine the change in
entopy of the gas for each process. (c) What is the entrophy change of the environment for
each process?

2. Suppose a power plant delivers energy at 900 MW using steam turbins. The steam goes into
the turbines superheated at 520 K and deposit its unsed heat in river water at 280 K. Assume
that turbine operates as a reversible Carnot engine. (a) If the river flow rate is 45 m3/s,
calculate the temperature increase of the river water down-stream from the power plant. (b)
What is the entropy increase per kilogram of the downstream river water ini J/kg.K?

3. What will be the final result when equal amount of ice at 0 0C and steam at 100 0C are mixed
together?

4. A 55.0 kg ice skater moving at 8.5 m/s glides tp astop. Assume the ice is at 0 0C and 50
percent of the heat generated by friction is absorbed by the ice. How much ice melts?

5. A 1.00 mol sample of an ideal gas monoatomic gas, originally at a pressure of 1.00 atm,
undergoes a three-step process; (1) it is expanded adiabatically from T1=550 K to T2 =389
K; (2) it is compressed at constant pressure until its temperature reaches T3; (3) it the returns
to its original pressure and temperature by a constant-volume process. (a) Plot these
processes on a PV diagram. (b) Determine T3, (c) Calculate te change in internal energy, the
work done by the gas, and the heat added to the gas for each process, and (d) for the complete
cycle.

6. A 1.00 mol sample of an ideal diatomik gas at a pressure of 1.00 atm anf temperature of 580
K undergoes a process in which its pressure increase linierly with temperature. The final
temperature and pressure are 720 K and 1.60 atm. Determine (a) the change in internal
energy (b) the work done by the gas, and (c) the heat added to the gas. (Assume 5 active
degrees of freedom.

7. A 40-g block of ice is cooled to -78 0C and is then added to 560 g of water in an 80-g copper
calorimeter at a temperature of 25 0C. Determine the final temperature of the system of the
ice, water, and calorimeter.

8. A power plant has been proposed that would make use of the temperature gradient in the
ocean. The system is to operate between 20.0 0C (surface water temperature) and 5.00 0C
(water temperature at depth of about 1 km). (a) What is the maximum efficincy of such a
system? (b) If the useful power output of the plant is 75.0 MW, how much energy is
absorbed per hour?

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