1

I. INTRODUCTION

Stratigraphic log is a representation used in geology and its sub-field stratigraphy to

describe the vertical location of rock units in a particular area. A typhycal stratigraphic log shows
a sequence of sedimentary rocks with the oldest rock at the bottom and the youngest at the
top.

In this fieldwork, we apply our knowledge in mapping and gattering data. Using the
traverse mapping, we mapped the rivers flow to locate ourselves from our starting point. We
also studied the stratigraphic features alongside of the river where the structures of sediments
shows the sequence of sedimentary rocks that were developed long time ago. This study
determines the lithology, stratigraphy, and geologic history of the area. Some of the lowstand
outcrops are eroded and does not give enough exposure because of the vegetation and debree
flow. The local section of the sequence of strata are fairly equidimentional so we have to
measure and make stratigraphic log. We aim to connect the stratigraphic log of the group to see
the changes in the structures in every three meters.

The location of the study is in Pugay, San Jose, Camarines Sur. More or less ten
kilometers from the municipality of Goa, Camarines sur. One of the 29 barangays of San Jose,
Camarines Sur, headed by Barangay Captain Rogelio Chavez. The barangay is located the the
northern part of the municipality with barangay I.D No. 018 and has a total land area of 240.8
hectares with total of 2384 total populations. To get there, from the terminal of Goa, ride a
jeepney to the Municipality of San jose. From there you can ride a motorcycle upto the Pugay
bridge and then you can now see the river. Now you have to walk from the bridge up location of
the stratigraphic log.

Figure 1. Location of Rangas River at Pugay, San Jose, Camarines Sur

 2

II. METHODOLOGY

Stratigraphic Log

Last November 23, 2019 BS Geology 2A conducted a field work regarding stratigraphic
log and river traverse in Pugay, San Jose Camarines Sur. We started the field work around
9:00 am in the morning. To make the stratigrahic log you will be needing a measuring tape
or a ruler, grain comparator, stratigraphic log outline, field notebook and a pen.

First we looked for an outcrop where we conducted the log. From there we marked our
first point. From the the first point where we will conduct the stratigraphic log we measured
10 meters up to the second point, then from there we measured 3 meters to reach the third
point. The distance was not constant because of the vegetation present on the outcrop. We
had to adjust to have a clear view of the outcrop without the hindrance of plants.
Afterwards we went to the point where we are assigned to do the log.

To start the actual log, we first took a photo of the whole outcrop from a far and then
we took a zoomed in photo of each strata of the bed. Using the measuring tape or the ruler
we measured every size of the strata then checks for its lithology. After the lithology, we
used the grain comparator to check the grain size of the beds. Then lastly we jot down notes
some important things present on the outcrop, like its color and if there are fossils present.
After that we finalized our log and we transfered the data we collected to an actual
stratigraphic log.

River Traverse Map

For the traverse map, we used a measuring tape, Brunton compass, field notebook and
a pen. We started upstream of the river and followed its current direction. We used a
brunton compass in getting the angles of the flow direction of the of the water at the side of
the river and using a measuring tape we measured the intervals which is 10 meters between
each point of the bearings.
 3

III. REGIONAL GEOLOGY

To have more visualization of Pugay River in San jose, Camarines sur. It is necessary to
first know the geology og the Philippines. Philippine tectonics is indeed one of the most active
in the world. The devastating Luzon Earthquake of 1990 and the catastrophic 1991 eruption of
Mt. Pinatubo are but two of the most recent manifestations of this phenomenon. This tectonic
activity is the result of the interaction of three major tectonic plates of the Western Pacific
Domain, namely; the Pacific, the Eurasian and the Indo Australian Plates.

In general, the Philippine archipelago can be divided into two geologic entities, namely:
the Philippine Mobile Belt and the Palawan-Mindoro micro continent (Gervacio, 1966). The
Palawan-Mindoro micro continent is a geological block that was rifted from the Asian mainland
during Late Cretaceous-Late Eocene time and drifted to approximately its present position with
the opening of the South China Sea basin. The Philippine Mobile Belt is the group of land masses
that apparently originated from sub-equatorial regions to its present position with the rotation
and spreading of the Philippine Sea Plate during Eocene to Miocene times. Each of these two
entities is composed of different types of lithological units that can be classified into four
general groups, namely: 1) metamorphic rocks, 2) ophiolites and ophiolitic rocks, 3) magmatic
rocks and active volcanic arcs, and 4) sedimentary basins. The metamorphic and ophiolitic rocks
normally represent the pre-Tertiary basement of the Philippines.

Metamorphic rocks present in the Philippines can be divided into two categories,
namely: 1) Pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of continental origin, and 2) Cretaceous
metamorphic rocks of insular arc affinity. The first category is represented by metamorphic
formations located in North Palawan, Mindoro, Panay and neighboring islands belonging to the
Palawan-Mindoro micro continent. These formations include the Caraway Schist in Palawan,
Halcon Metamorphic Complex in Mindoro, Romblon Metamorphic Complex in Romblon,
Buruanga Metamorphic Complex in Panay and Tungauan Schist in Zamboanga.
Ophiolites and ophiolitic rocks (collectively called ophiolitic rocks here under) in the
Philippines are widespread in the whole archipelago.Usually occurring together with the pre-
Tertiary metamorphic rocks, the ophiolitic rocks represent basement on which magmatic arcs
were developed. Complete ophiolite sequences can be found in Zambales, Isabela, southern
Palawan and Pujada Peninsula where the series includes tectonized peridotites progressing to
gabbro, diabase, pillow basalts and finally to the pelagic sediments.

The presence of magmatic arcs that cannot be associated with any of the active subduction
zones indicates that the evolution of the Philippine archipelago is characterized by a relatively
continuous volcanic activity throughout the Cenozoic. Their geodynamic origin (eg. polarity of
corresponding subduction is still however, poorly understood. They are briefly presented here
according to their ages and their spatial distribution.
 Since the discovery of oil in Nido, Palawan in 1976 knowledge on the Tertiary
sedimentary basins of the Philippines has considerably improved. In 1986, the then Bureau of
Energy Development (now Department of Energy) published a synthesis of previous works
incorporated with recent geophysical and subsurface data collected in collaboration with other
local and foreign firms. These works focused essentially on the hydrocarbon potentials of these
basins. In the following discussion, emphasis is given to their general stratigraphic and structural
characteristics. Nine individual basins can be distinguished within the Philippine Mobile Belt. A
tenth one, whose elements were separately discussed Section 1.3.1, forms a vast basin over the
thinned continental margin of Eurasia. The axis of the sedimentary basins of the mobile belt is
generally oriented N-S, except for some located in the central Philippines like the Mindoro and
Southern Luzon basins which have axes oriented more northwesterly, and the Panay and
Visayan Sea basins with northeasterly axes.

According to BMG 1981, The Southern Luzon - Bicol Basin is filled with a 4,600-m thick
sedimentary sequence. The lower layers of the basin are composed mainly of Upper Oligocene -
Lower Miocene platform limestone’s and highly deformed Middle Miocene turbidities. Plio-
Pleistocene sequences are dominated by shallow water fine-grained deposits and reefal
limestone’s. This basin has a NW-SE axis and is traversed longitudinally by the Philippine Fault. It
is flanked to the NE by the East Philippine Volcanic Arc and by the Mindoro, Panay and Visayan
Sea basins to the SW.
Southeastern Luzon consists mainly of Bicol Peninsula and the outlying islands and consists
of two stratigraphic groupings, namely, Ancient Southeastern Luzon Arc and Recent
Southeastern Luzon Arc. The ancient arc may be subdivided into several blocks with their own
distinctive stratigraphic sequences, namely: Quezon-Camarines Norte, Caramoan Peninsula,
Catanduanes Island, Cagraray Group of islands and southern Bicol peninsula. The basement of
all these blocks, except for Catanduanes, is underlain by ophiolites / ophioliitic rocks. Some of
the lithologic units belonging to the ophiolite sequence, especially the volcanic carapace and
sedimentary cover, have been subjected to low grade metamorphism, producing greenschists,
albite-epidote, amphibolites and quartzo-feldspathic mica schists. These occur in Camarines
Norte, Quezon, Caramoan Peninsula and Rapu Rapu Island. The recent arc includes the segment
of the active volcanic arc in the Bicol region associated with subduction of the Philippine Sea
Plate along the Philippine Trench.

The Bicol Volcanic Arc Complex consists of a number of active and inactive
volcanoes and volcanic centers that are disposed along a northwest trendfing belt from Mt.
Labo in Camarines Norte to Mt. Bulusan in Sorsogon. Among the active volcanoes within this arc
complex are Mayon (Albay) and Bulusan (Sorsogon), while Iriga (Camarines Sur) is dormant.
Inactive volcanoes include mounts Labo, Bagacay and Nalusbitan in Camarines Norte; Cone,
Culasi and Isarog in Camarines Sur; Malinao, Masaraga, Manito and Ligon Hill in Albay; and
Binitican, Gate, Jormajan, Juban, Maraut- Banua and Pocdol in Sorsogon.
 The volcanoes and volcanic centers within the Bicol Volcanic Arc Complex are formed
from the outpouring of lavas and other volcanic ejecta that were produced as a result of partial
melting of the subducting slab of the Bicol segment of the Philippine Sea Plate along the
Philippine Trench. Volcanism could have commenced in the Pliocene and continues to the
present time.

Lagonoy is a complete ophiolite sequence characterized by an imbricated series of

ultramafic rocks (dunite with chromite layers, pyroxenites and peridotite), gabbro (massive and
cumulate sequence), pillow basalts and its sedimentary cover. Exposures are mostly in the
northwestern part of the peninsula, traceable from Lagonoy northward to Tambang Point. It
also underlies a large portion of Siruma Peninsula in the northwest, including Mt. Putianay.
Localized low-grade metamorphism also affected the sequence. Along the eastern bank of
Tambang River, in Mapid, massive to layered gabbro are intruded by basaltic dikes. These are
overlain by pillow basalts with some brecciated layers. Westward, at Barangay Denrika, the
gabbroic unit is overlain by slightly metamorphosed interbedded pyroclastic rocks with some
reworked blocks of basaltic rocks. These then pass upstream into turbiditic clastic rocks, which
probably correspond to the sedimentary cover of the ophiolite. Metamorphosed units of the
Lagonoy Ophiolite were previously lumped with the Lagonoy Schist of Miranda (1976) and BMG
(1981). A metamorphosed leucodiabase and gabbro east of Alto Point revealed a radiometric
(39Ar/40Ar) date range of 151-156 Ma, equivalent to Jurassic (Geary, 1986; Geary and others,
1988). Radiometric (K/Ar) dating of a gabbro in Mayon Mines in Siruma Peninsula gave a value
of 117 Ma, equivalent to Early Cretaceous.
According to David 1994, the Isarog Volcanic Complex was previously named Isarog
Volcanics for the volcanic rocks underlying Mt. Isarog at the southern part of Caramoan
Peninsula. It consists of alternating layers of pyroxene andesite and hornblende andesite flows,
tuffs, volcanic breccias and agglomerates around the lower slopes which are blanketed by
basaltic andesite and pyroxene basalt flows that outcrop in the central highlands. Massive
andesitic lava flows intercalated with fine to coarse dark gray to light brown pyroclastic rocks
extend up to Tambang. The andesite is closely jointed and exhibits extensive solidification and
kaolinization. Some outcrops are altered into siliceous clay and opaline rocks. The intercalated
pyroclastic rocks contain angular to subrounded andesitic fragments. They occur as veneers over
the older rock formations, including Lagonoy Ophiolite and Tambang Diorite, in the northern
part of Caramoan Peninsula. They weather to yellowish brown to brownish red lateritic soil. The
formation is considered to be Pleistocene in age.

San Jose has a total land area of 4,702.8146 hectares and is bounded in north by Lagonoy,
south by Tigaon, east by Lagonoy Gulf, and west by Goa. The whole town is roughly 0.27% of the
region's 1.76 million hectares; 0.89% of the total land area of Camarines Sur with an area of
526.680 square kilometers; and 2.26% of the total land area of the 4th Congressional District of
Camarines Sur with an area of 207,596.71 hectares.
The major part of the municipal area is composed of Alluvium River Terraces which is
particularly described as fluvicatile lacustrine alluvium composed of unsorted loosely
consolidated pebbles, gravel, silt, coral debris and clay that can be found in flooded plains,
riverbanks, sand bars, beaches, and tidal flats. It is notable that river terraces along the Lagonoy
River and its tributaries which include also the Rangas River that practically originating from the
foot of the Mount Isarog account for about 90.69% or 4,264.9826 hectares of the total land area
of the municipality while the rest is of igneous and metamorphic rock origin of which
volcanoclast alluvial fans cover about 0.19% or 8.94 hectares. These are specifically found in
barangays Catalotoan and Salogon. Note that volcanoclast is a thick and extensive pyroclastic
material consists of ashes, cinder lapili, tuff agromerate and volcanic debris while alluvial fans
consists only of worked pyroclastics.
 7
IV. LOCAL GEOLOGY

Point A

According to the Law of Superposition The one below is older than the one above it so
the students assumed that the strata A is the oldest the and strata F is the youngest, just like
what is showned in the Figure 2, and was deposited a million years ago. The oldest strata has a
thickness of 13.2 centimeters with a very fine mud sized structure when converted using the
scale of 1:10. The students assumend that it was deposited when the water at the river was
calm. Figure 3

F
E
D
C
B
A

Figure 2. Order of the strata from the oldest to youngest

Figure 3. Strata A (Oldest)

The second strata was the next one to deposit. It is composed of meduim grained sand and a
granule sized gravel . It has a thickness of 8.4 centimeters when converted using the scale of
1:10. The students assumned that the current of the river was changing while it is being
deposited resulting to an interbedded structure. Figure 4
 Figure 4. Strata B

The third strata is composed of mudsized structure with a thickness of 1.7 centimenters when
converted using the scale of 1:10. It is composed of an erosive base that is a sign that an erosion
happens before the next strata was deposited. The sized of the grain was not that fine and
thinner compared to the first. Assuming that it was deposited when the rivers water is calm.
Figure 5

Figure 5. Strata C & D

The next strata was composed of meduim sized sand structure with a thickness of 2.8
centimeters when converted using the scale of 1:10. There was been a changes in the current of
the water resulting from the chnages in the straucture, from the mudsized up to the sandsized
structures. Figure 5

The next structure deposited was composed of mudsized structures. It has a 3.6 centimeters
when converted using the scale of 1:10. Figre 6
 Figure 6. Strata E

The youngest strata is a reverse graded bed of gravel with a sized starting from pebble to
boulder. It has the largest thickness of 15 centimeters when converted using the scale of 1:10.
Assuming that the bed was deposited when the current of the river is very strong because it
need a high energy to move boulders. Figure 7.

Figure 7. Strata F (Youngest)

Point D

The stratigraphic Interpretation of my Strat. Log.

The top bed of the strata composed of boulder size of a gravel and has erosive base. It has a
thickness of 1.1 meters. And because of the sizes of the boulder, I conclude that it is a debris
flow, coz one of the best known characteristics of a debris flow is the size segregation of
particles.
The bottom beds of strata is a silt and fine clay and has a thickness of 26 centimeters. The fine
clay has a decay wood in it and i think that the wood was associated by the debris flow. So i
conclude that the Rangas river along Pugay river is a debris flow hazard area.
V. GEOLOGIC HISTORY
VI. REFERENCES

Teves J. S. (1954), Lexicon of Philippine Stratigraphy, (1954), Philippine Bureau of

Mines, Manila, Philippines.
Pena R. E. (2008), Lexicon of Philippine Stratigraphy, (2008), Philippine Bureau of
Mines, Manila, Philippines.
 VII. DOCUMENTATION

Outcrop A
(Composed of Point A, B, & C)

D
 Outcrop B
(Composed of Point D)

D
A B V
C
V V A
VV
A A
AA
V V
VV
A A
AA
V V
V
A
 E
V F
A V
V A
A
Strata of Piont A
(From the oldest to the youngest)
V
V A
A V
A

A B
V V
A A
V V
A A
V V
 C D
V V
A Strata of Point B A
(From the oldest to the youngest)

V V
A A
V V
A A

A B
V Strata of Point D V
(From oldest to youngest)

A A
V V
A A
V V
 A117 GEO3

Stratigraphic Study of Rangas River at Pugay, San Jose,

Camarines Sur

Submitted by:

Anabelle P. Ramirez
 Gatsby C. Pascua

Jane Tiffany P. Lunar

Patrick Paul O. Celso

Submitted to:

Angelika Sadsad

December 2019