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A Written Report in Organic

Chemistry
Course Professor:
Mr. Leightton Belucora
Submitted by:
Sarador, Kate N.
BS Psychology - 2D
(MW 4:00-6:30 PM)

Leader:
Sarador, Kate N.

Secretary:
Sarines, Kirstien Blanche

Treasurer:
Sagarino, Dyzsa

Material Collector & Chemicals:

Queque, Shaniah
Rayla, Danica
Rubin, Genevieve
Remedio, Loreal
Sendrijas, Nicole
Son, Stephanie
Taparra, Frenzy
 Title of Experiment
Saponification: Soap-Making Process
I. Introduction
The preparation of soap is an intricate process. There are several procedures
involved in correspondence with correct materials needed. Saponification is the
heart of soap-making. It is a chemical reaction wherein the building blocks of fats
and oils (triglycerides) react with lye (a strong alkaline solution used for washing
or cleansing) to form soap. (Fisher, D. 2019) The products of saponification are
glycerin and soap.

Source: Microscale Experiments in Organic Chemistry (webassign.net)

II. Materials and Procedure
Materials:
Chemicals:
 70% isopropyl alcohol
 Phenolphthalein
 Liquid soap

Equipment:

 Test tube(s)
 Test tube rack
 Plastic stirring rod
 Spatula

Procedure:

A. Alkali Testing
 Pour an ample amount of liquid soap in a dry test tube.
 After a few minutes, add 10 ml of isopropyl alcohol. Observe. Shake well.
 Let it sit for a few more minutes, then add 2 drops of phenolphthalein.
Shake.
  Take down notes while doing these steps respectively. Evaluate.
B. Soap Hydrolysis
 Mix an adequate amount of liquid soap into a 10 ml cold water in a test
tube.
 Cap the tube and shake it. Note the size and stability of the bubbles.
 Prepare the mixture to be filtered, and once you do, add 2 drops of
phenolphthalein.
 Watch closely and write observations.
III. Results
Observation
A. Alkali Testing
 During the experiment, we waited for a few minutes to observe any
reaction to the chemicals being tested.
 We noticed changes, as in cloud-like formation in the test tube where we
put the alcohol and phenolphthalein accordingly.
 There was a necessity to filter the liquid to observe more significant
changes in it. We used a piece of white paper as basis.
 As the liquid was poured into the paper, the paper turned blue,
indicating the presence of alkali in the solution.
B. Soap Hydrolysis
 The drops of phenolphthalein served as the primary indicator in this
process. While shaking the test tube, a few reactions became visible.
 The base of the test tube appeared saturated because the liquid turned
white in a few minutes.
 The mixture turned cloudy.

Figure 2. A cloudy result of soap hydrolysis.

IV. Discussion and Conclusion

Saponification is an exothermic (gives off heat) chemical reaction that occurs when fats
or oils (fatty acids) come into contact with lye (a base). In this reaction, the triglyceride
units of fats react with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide and are converted to
soap and glycerol. (Fisher, D. 2019) The saponification reaction occurs between an acid
and a base. (ChemistryLibreTexts, 2019.)
 Figure 3. Saponification Reactions
Source: Online Chemistry Lab Manual, Santa Monica College

There had been various changes observed during the experiment. In this activity, we
were able to distinguish the process of alkali testing and soap hydrolysis. We were
able to evaluate their differences, enabling us to recognize which products have alkali
present in them and which ones are saturated. The experiment had been done for
about 30-35 minutes in the laboratory, giving us enough time and information to test
through significant results.

References:
12: Making Soap - Saponification (Experiment)
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves

Experiment 10 - Hydrolysis of Glycerol Tristearate: Preparation of Soap

https://www.webassign.net/sample

Saponification: The preparation of Soap

http://web.fscj.edu/Milczanowski/eleven/Soap.pdf